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This exploration helps us to understand the interactions between ancient cultures, the significance of the ancient beliefs, customs, and traditions, and the immense wisdom of our ancestors about the cosmos, the cycles of time that govern human civilization, and the human soul. "},"link":[{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/posts\/default"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/-\/Yuga+Cycle?alt=json-in-script"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/search\/label\/Yuga%20Cycle"},{"rel":"hub","href":"http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"generator":{"version":"7.00","uri":"http://www.blogger.com","$t":"Blogger"},"openSearch$totalResults":{"$t":"20"},"openSearch$startIndex":{"$t":"1"},"openSearch$itemsPerPage":{"$t":"25"},"entry":[{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-2216139462428762632"},"published":{"$t":"2025-05-05T19:16:00.002+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2025-08-02T12:33:00.696+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Garabandal Prophecies and their connection to the End of the Kali Yuga"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjFfKdUj2cksHELmdTrZQhwq_92Tj52AdXWve2dsiDPtxYaIK43YbPFMCaPaQbTI9I0ndlayd8yJIGdyrDlm8WqpVmzJBema2kwEA0Qk1fhRgV7XBZU0Md9AlWuLrL-wOddlWdwPGTQtKfiUmEnfkBs6lssXcPlhNrJ4zdBjHIh2XDEzuYo8wTad0NYc8c\/s600\/Garabandal%20Blessed%20Mother%20featured%20small1.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"343\" data-original-width=\"600\" height=\"183\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjFfKdUj2cksHELmdTrZQhwq_92Tj52AdXWve2dsiDPtxYaIK43YbPFMCaPaQbTI9I0ndlayd8yJIGdyrDlm8WqpVmzJBema2kwEA0Qk1fhRgV7XBZU0Md9AlWuLrL-wOddlWdwPGTQtKfiUmEnfkBs6lssXcPlhNrJ4zdBjHIh2XDEzuYo8wTad0NYc8c\/s320\/Garabandal%20Blessed%20Mother%20featured%20small1.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ci\u003ENote: This article was originally published on Mysterious Universe (https:\/\/mysteriousuniverse.org\/). \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETill a few weeks back, I had never heard of Garabandal. But then, I received an unexpected email from a person who wrote, \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“I came across your page when listening to the Mysterious Universe YouTube channel interview, found it very interesting. The dates you state of the ending of the kali yuga in 2025 and the transition period being between 2025-2040 and the destruction being fire from the sky is exactly what the seers of Garabandal state as well...I used to be 80% sure Garabandal would happen, now with reading your narrative of the Kali Yuga cycle, I now am 99% convinced.”\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENeedless to say, I was very intrigued. From the email, Garabandal sounded like the name of a place, but I had no idea where it was, who the “seers” of Garabandal were, and what exactly they had prophesied. So, I started doing what I have been doing for sometime now. Which is to dig around for facts.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs I started finding out more and more about the strange, inexplicable and downright supernatural events that had transpired in the small mountain village of Garabandal in northern Spain in the mid 20th century, I was utterly amazed. “How come I had never heard any of this before?” I wondered to myself. The chilling prophecies that were revealed to the visionaries of Garabandal are so closely tied to the impending end of the Kali Yuga, and the monumental planetary shift that we are now entering, that I felt it was necessary to bring this to the attention of more people.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhwP7KXFXbNq76xkJICmePKpEq4l45dZwQWlyJ-L4hQhKThX4KZg01FmsME8i2kQN6L9XX7H_ExMKn6uMxLMcuQV2PqWm-KZlyHchksXtu_QMy3AjCsRTBNtDDeXuRkUsR17-XYCwtydW1xedNT__yNrgFFrV_pwfYTIsaKYiSQaAnCaGpbyKhwCpfzj8c\/s1400\/Garabandal%20Adobe.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Garabandal in Northern Spain\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"931\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhwP7KXFXbNq76xkJICmePKpEq4l45dZwQWlyJ-L4hQhKThX4KZg01FmsME8i2kQN6L9XX7H_ExMKn6uMxLMcuQV2PqWm-KZlyHchksXtu_QMy3AjCsRTBNtDDeXuRkUsR17-XYCwtydW1xedNT__yNrgFFrV_pwfYTIsaKYiSQaAnCaGpbyKhwCpfzj8c\/w640-h426\/Garabandal%20Adobe.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 1: The village of Garabandal in northern Spain. Source: Adobe Stock\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAfter watching a number of YouTube videos[1] about the Marian apparitions at Garabandal which occurred between 1961 and 1965, I came upon the earliest and most authoritative book on this subject titled, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.garabandal.info\/book\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EThe apparitions of Garabandal\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, written by F. Sanchez-Ventura Y Pascual, a lawyer, who also held the Chair of Economics and Legislation at the University of Saragossa.[2] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe book was written in Spanish in 1965, and was translated into English in 1966. The author had personally been to Garabandal in 1961 and had interacted with the visionaries and many eye-witnesses, and from them he “was able to gather countless reports, films, letters, photographs, tape recordings and other testimony of all kinds, the very abundance of which served to cross-check their authenticity”. I have relied on this authoritative work of Mr. Pascual for describing the mystical Marian apparitions that took place more than half-a-century ago.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EThe Garabandal Visions\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESan Sebastian de Garabandal is a small village of barely seventy homes, nestling on the Cantabrian Mountains, at a height of about two thousand feet. The houses here are quaint, and the lanes picturesque, though surfaced in rough stone. Starting in the summer of 1961, four young girls named Mary Loly, Conchita, Jacinta and Mary Cruz, all of whom were between the ages of 11 and 12, were routinely taken up into ecstatic raptures. During these raptures they interacted with the Blessed Mother, and sometimes received visions and prophecies of great future events.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhoTAWYHH3iuC1KSfhFE2By51SAnLn6OdjMKpoS9lkbLG20Jr_Bvhrj1UIxZAb-lWo5_TmSJfL6__QgUQGBcpxqomheBVAwbT_SGPtfiJwC6HOXqb8piKuOlC_hmX4_QgAWXB7wfMVH4Yx-gR3GRIIxzUOowGV0eE0YiR5fOeQLCQkjl9vD3sQAMIuvr54\/s1400\/Garabandal1.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The four visionaries of Garabandal\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"791\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhoTAWYHH3iuC1KSfhFE2By51SAnLn6OdjMKpoS9lkbLG20Jr_Bvhrj1UIxZAb-lWo5_TmSJfL6__QgUQGBcpxqomheBVAwbT_SGPtfiJwC6HOXqb8piKuOlC_hmX4_QgAWXB7wfMVH4Yx-gR3GRIIxzUOowGV0eE0YiR5fOeQLCQkjl9vD3sQAMIuvr54\/w400-h226\/Garabandal1.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 2: The four visionaries of Garabandal. From left to right: Mary \nLoly, Jacinta, Maria-Cruz and Conchita. Source: The apparitions of \nGarabandal\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBetween 1961 and 1965 they experienced nearly 2000 of these apparitions, most of which took place while they were surrounded by huge crowds of pilgrims and onlookers. Many inexplicable events of a supernatural nature occurred during these raptures. For instance, the girls did not feel any pain or external sensations, their body weight increased, they experienced time dilation and many more which we will look at in more detail. When they were not in ecstasy, the girls led simple lives as farmers and shepherds.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt all started in the late afternoon of the 18th June, 1961, when the four young girls were playing marbles with some pebbles, in the lane that lead to the pine grove located a little bit above the village. Suddenly, they saw the apparition of an angel, whom Conchita described as, \"a very beautiful figure, surrounded by a great light that did not dazzle my eyes.\"\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELater, the four girls gave the following description of the angel they had seen to the schoolmistress: “He was wearing a long, seamless blue robe. He had fairly big pink wings…He looked about nine years old. But, although he was a child to look at, he gave the impression of being very strong.\" Later that day, while going to bed, all four girls at the same time heard a voice that said: 'Do not worry. You will see me again'.\" \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhxNY5GRPSTITnRFtEewf5tx3q-uIFePwYqzSwK7npB-F1X-T4wNo1jCoWuJG-Cr9BRA1VUcPWCoV3wobfYt_7NuVTKshS0vKDlP-74fsFl3SzKrNLEZpzGxQv83DV6JVG2k-8db3yJOeBf8OgAmbn1pQ9sK9NySSCIgMc6QPmpUH5hEY4i2RGdpSMvlpw\/s1114\/Pine%20grove%20above%20garabandal.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The pine grove above the village of Garabandal\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"613\" data-original-width=\"1114\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhxNY5GRPSTITnRFtEewf5tx3q-uIFePwYqzSwK7npB-F1X-T4wNo1jCoWuJG-Cr9BRA1VUcPWCoV3wobfYt_7NuVTKshS0vKDlP-74fsFl3SzKrNLEZpzGxQv83DV6JVG2k-8db3yJOeBf8OgAmbn1pQ9sK9NySSCIgMc6QPmpUH5hEY4i2RGdpSMvlpw\/w640-h352\/Pine%20grove%20above%20garabandal.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 3: The pine grove above the village. Source: Adobe Stock\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjOWJPAGYQuJ4E80qFjkpuIn1nyp1OBa2WdGVPQoGLTILt2MJxMx8UgZ_1WAmlkopANczMFQaPW6JT0WTa0LDqleH0VCdBb10AEUTmGKfN5JqMmnEDNWbnW36xh-ZVzef1SlW8EgByiOIry8nNCCgjSF39drpAmWXshDEpFamGQf90UC2CFUFLOqXITZJ4\/s687\/The%20Sunken%20Lane.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"687\" data-original-width=\"573\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjOWJPAGYQuJ4E80qFjkpuIn1nyp1OBa2WdGVPQoGLTILt2MJxMx8UgZ_1WAmlkopANczMFQaPW6JT0WTa0LDqleH0VCdBb10AEUTmGKfN5JqMmnEDNWbnW36xh-ZVzef1SlW8EgByiOIry8nNCCgjSF39drpAmWXshDEpFamGQf90UC2CFUFLOqXITZJ4\/w334-h400\/The%20Sunken%20Lane.jpg\" width=\"334\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 4: The sunken lane leading to the pines was a site of many apparitions. Source: The apparitions of Garabandal\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESince then, the angel appeared to the four girls on a number of separate occasions. All the sightings took place in the same location, in the late afternoon or evening, after the girls had said the rosary and were in the company of the villagers and the parish priest. This is what happened on the afternoon of June 21st, as Mr. Pascual writes,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“So it happened that several villagers were there to say the rosary that afternoon of June 21st. Then, as they ended the decade, all at once the extraordinary thing happened. As one, the four girls seemed suddenly to be frozen to the spot. Kneeling there, they wore a sweet expression on their pale faces, which seemed to reflect a strange light. All four were looking in the same direction, absorbed. Their heads were thrown back at a surprising angle. Their unblinking eyes were staring up at the heavens. One smiled. Another posed the question that the parish priest had instructed them to ask. \"Who are you? Why have you come?\" But the angel did not answer.\" \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhtKUs-ln6wrP8eQ0s_i9WuR24BejnqMX3tawKdNBP2m_uL0O6AX6t8aP7i82gzx6lNFW5-4UOg-LFKanXB_MfGl9nCNoSVadHWIKXDY0DOM8PhwzmyDdXYj9sYk7HnQ9p1mSqHENLtGEo1avGfmuRwg-hrEeKwF8JWHFMJufaM1A178JppVW6OU2BMQQo\/s1200\/Garabandal3.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Mary Loly, Conchita and Jacinta in a vision at Garabandal\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"979\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"326\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhtKUs-ln6wrP8eQ0s_i9WuR24BejnqMX3tawKdNBP2m_uL0O6AX6t8aP7i82gzx6lNFW5-4UOg-LFKanXB_MfGl9nCNoSVadHWIKXDY0DOM8PhwzmyDdXYj9sYk7HnQ9p1mSqHENLtGEo1avGfmuRwg-hrEeKwF8JWHFMJufaM1A178JppVW6OU2BMQQo\/w400-h326\/Garabandal3.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 5: Mary Loly, Conchita and Jacinta in a vision (from left to right). Source: The apparitions of Garabandal\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhGFITZVgzi72J6AbJf9OQb9v-JHJkZoog0WE8fSX1CnHVVQqX3JF8jk0OW41FAjRnVBrwTOUpssXUdZRYHjqtCQfa1RWVRrINba4hnSXUqH7UZ7u9JM3PJRfZvzMUQ1GusVFy4PwxmUGGEQxOM4l-POGRFz6Dca2XDLl6TXKse6d_E9r4E69sTBb6mqxQ\/s705\/Garabandal13.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Mary Loly (left) and Jacinta (right) following the vision in Garabandal\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"705\" data-original-width=\"473\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhGFITZVgzi72J6AbJf9OQb9v-JHJkZoog0WE8fSX1CnHVVQqX3JF8jk0OW41FAjRnVBrwTOUpssXUdZRYHjqtCQfa1RWVRrINba4hnSXUqH7UZ7u9JM3PJRfZvzMUQ1GusVFy4PwxmUGGEQxOM4l-POGRFz6Dca2XDLl6TXKse6d_E9r4E69sTBb6mqxQ\/w269-h400\/Garabandal13.jpg\" width=\"269\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 6: Mary Loly (left) and Jacinta (right) following the vision through the village. Source: The apparitions of Garabandal\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMr. Pascual further informs us that, when girls went into the visionary state, “it was as if they were deep in a divine slumber; they were unaware of anything that occurred about them.\u0026nbsp; They entered a field of vision placed above the natural plane, a state that isolated them from the things of this world. When they were in an ecstasy, they could see each other. But, if one of them lost her state of ecstasy, she disappeared from the field of vision of the others, as though the rapture were a stage and one of the visionaries had gone off into the wings.” And every time the four girls came out of the vision, they were quite normal and smiling.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs the news of the apparitions spread, people began to arrive from distant villages, including doctors, priests and people from all walks of life. On the scene of the apparitions – which was a specific place on the “sunken lane” that lead to the pine grove - a small stone enclosure (“cuadro”) had been erected to protect the children from the avalanche of eager spectators. The angel never spoke during the first few visions. But finally, on July 1st, he told the girls that the next day, Sunday, the Blessed Mother would come, and she would appear under the name of Our Lady of Mount Carmel.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENeedless to say, on Sunday, July 2nd, the streets of Garabandal were packed with strangers. Just before six o'clock, the girls set off for the \"cuadro,\" (i.e. the stone enclosure on the sunken lane) and no sooner had they reached the spot that they found themselves in the presence of the Blessed Mother, accompanied by two angels. One was a stranger; the other was St. Michael. As per Conchita, the angels were very alike, \"as if they were twins\". On the Blessed Mother's right, they could see a “square of red fire framing a triangle with an eye and some writing in an odd oriental script.”\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELater, the girls gave the following description of the Blessed Mother: “She comes wearing a white robe, a blue mantle and a crown of golden stars; her hands are outstretched with a brown scapular, except when she has the Infant Jesus in her arms. Her dark chestnut hair is long and parted in the middle. Her face is rather long, with a very dainty nose. Her mouth is very pretty, with slightly full lips. She looks about seventeen and is tallish.” All four girls stress the unmistakable sound of her voice. \"There's no other voice like hers.\"\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELet us pause here for a while and reflect on the archetypal symbols associated with the vision of the Blessed Mother. “Why did she appear with the infant Jesus in her arms?” some have wondered. “Does, Jesus have the body of a child in heaven?” they have mused sarcastically. \u003Ci\u003EThe answer lies in the fact that, this is the archetypal form in which the “Planetary Mother” has been venerated over eons by our ancestors, as the divine mother and protector of the “Savior God” of humanity.\u003C\/i\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn ancient Egypt, this was the form in which the Mother Goddess Isis was represented, nursing the infant Horus, who would later become the leader of the sky gods and an indefatigable force against evil. It is Horus, who was addressed as the “Benu Bird” or “Phoenix”, who will return as the herald of a new age.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiJurZEiqWP6gnFWPec5IaTBwEHCBkTxE2q8MgvuGwfHHpZsONjqPOmCs2fYivCpmgsvbAqztnzg3NPZYF2O9X9f7H7Sgj6QhMaVxBgnJI0BD0iITgLoTuw_pxVYWEUN0kXukQPU8cOF9c42-u3rNez0Md4V0tPAysmUw1XcfvrOdxA98B1cLZYoFstajU\/s1481\/Isis%20with%20Horus%20the%20Child,%20bronze,%20c%20680%20to%20640%20BC,%20Walters%20Art%20Museum,%20Wikimedia%20Commons%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Isis with Horus the Child\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1481\" data-original-width=\"1319\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiJurZEiqWP6gnFWPec5IaTBwEHCBkTxE2q8MgvuGwfHHpZsONjqPOmCs2fYivCpmgsvbAqztnzg3NPZYF2O9X9f7H7Sgj6QhMaVxBgnJI0BD0iITgLoTuw_pxVYWEUN0kXukQPU8cOF9c42-u3rNez0Md4V0tPAysmUw1XcfvrOdxA98B1cLZYoFstajU\/w356-h400\/Isis%20with%20Horus%20the%20Child,%20bronze,%20c%20680%20to%20640%20BC,%20Walters%20Art%20Museum,%20Wikimedia%20Commons%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.jpg\" width=\"356\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 7: Isis with Horus the Child, c. 680 to 640 BC.\u0026nbsp; Credit: Walters Art Museum, CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjLfz_TvNGEWq-ZHs4bklu7ZALXneoNTtFvOjN0BHOVdnA1y4hxRExFhIsyVJcXXKc7GcmeARyjWdH5NAz1WmTmvPHqrJlzBgMRi8EzInR2aEH3VIqfzJ8tjBEAuXRccHpszUDCf5cPN17NBevSo7DA0IVs6S1-PFEB0L-L9YriavVjRMg3rVmLZ6HpWC8\/s900\/Devaki%20holding%20baby%20Krishna,%204th%20to%205th%20century%20CE,%20Deogarh%20temple,%20Jhansi,%20India%20Credit%20National%20Museum,%20New%20Delhi.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Devaki holding the baby Krishna\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"900\" data-original-width=\"900\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjLfz_TvNGEWq-ZHs4bklu7ZALXneoNTtFvOjN0BHOVdnA1y4hxRExFhIsyVJcXXKc7GcmeARyjWdH5NAz1WmTmvPHqrJlzBgMRi8EzInR2aEH3VIqfzJ8tjBEAuXRccHpszUDCf5cPN17NBevSo7DA0IVs6S1-PFEB0L-L9YriavVjRMg3rVmLZ6HpWC8\/w400-h400\/Devaki%20holding%20baby%20Krishna,%204th%20to%205th%20century%20CE,%20Deogarh%20temple,%20Jhansi,%20India%20Credit%20National%20Museum,%20New%20Delhi.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 8: Devaki holding the baby Krishna, c.4th to 5th century CE, Deogarh temple, India. Credit: National Museum, New Delhi.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn India, the Mother Goddess Parvati is shown nursing her heroic son Kartikeya – also popularly known as “Sanat Kumara” (i.e. the eternally youthful one) - who is the “Lord of the World” and the leader of the celestial army, and will return as the Avatar at the end of this age. A similar image from India shows Devaki nursing the infant Krishna, who will appear at the end of this Yuga to deliver people from evil.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESimilar archetypes exist in many other cultures, such the goddess Tyche holding the infant Plutus in Greek art, the goddess Kariteimo of Japan holding an infant in her left hand, and so on. The reason why this archetypal form was chosen by the Blessed Mother was probably because she wanted to send across the message that her manifestation at Garabandal cuts across the limitations of religion and cult, time and space, and is relevant for the whole word.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnother interesting archetypal symbol associated with the apparition of the Blessed Mother is the “square of red fire framing a triangle with an eye”. The “triangle with an eye” is a symbol that many are familiar with in the modern day. It represents the “All-Seeing Eye” or the “Eye of Providence”, which is the form in which the Creator and Savior of humanity was represented in a multitude of ancient cultures. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiI_Y0_Vqj0xXtKz_WAusU3e1NhnTEL4nRJeIAL43uyxlP6qEmaI9F0zk98KQKNwn3sMjDcqdgueIwt_LgIy7fYgGB3RqBnSkA9kXDhPnSL2NT2WBVx8opP_BrFTu4WuI3Ul5lz3x17x5wCYzTSPBONiA8cDZrxVi3-l_PyOHz6PraEBwkTEcjR75yHvL4\/s1288\/The%20Eye%20of%20God%20or%20All%20Seeing%20Eye%20Aachen%20Cathedral,%20Germany,%20established%20805%20CE,%20Grunpfnul%20slash%20Sascha%20Faber%20CC%20BY%20SA%204.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The All Seeing Eye depicted on the Aachen Cathedral, Germany\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1288\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiI_Y0_Vqj0xXtKz_WAusU3e1NhnTEL4nRJeIAL43uyxlP6qEmaI9F0zk98KQKNwn3sMjDcqdgueIwt_LgIy7fYgGB3RqBnSkA9kXDhPnSL2NT2WBVx8opP_BrFTu4WuI3Ul5lz3x17x5wCYzTSPBONiA8cDZrxVi3-l_PyOHz6PraEBwkTEcjR75yHvL4\/w373-h400\/The%20Eye%20of%20God%20or%20All%20Seeing%20Eye%20Aachen%20Cathedral,%20Germany,%20established%20805%20CE,%20Grunpfnul%20slash%20Sascha%20Faber%20CC%20BY%20SA%204.jpg\" width=\"373\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 9: The All Seeing Eye depicted on the Aachen Cathedral, Germany, \nestablished 805 CE. Credit: Grunpfnul \/ Sascha Faber, CC BY-SA 4.0 via \nWikimedia Commons\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn Egypt, this was called the “Eye of Horus” or “Eye of Ra”, which protects the king and wards off his enemies. Spell 316 of the Coffin Texts states “I am the all-seeing eye of Horus, whose appearance strikes terror…who takes the form of blazing light…whose birth Atum established.\" In India, the preserver god Vishnu (one of whose avatars was Krishna) was described as an “eye in heaven.” The Rig Veda 1.22 states, “The princes evermore behold that loftiest place where Vishnu is, laid as it were an eye in heaven.” The Buddha is referred to as the “Eye of the World” (\u003Ci\u003Ecakkhuma-loke\u003C\/i\u003E).\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgnbVV0RbWNfS4YfdtWxgCytg342LGh3X8lg60tvXTboZ4qwxU29AALpZ2TtCXR4uz0raVSLz_-exCaY6LdJHKxB-S9u2WGsuiF2JrmQiCUpWxrVg5VCSCJNaop2LPXqqdTOgP11UMXbzDhPmSIuFqYYrg_MGNLqoJrMc-WDJrJC7BcpJoGZb1UK_pfx0o\/s866\/A%20'Eye%20of%20Ra'%20pendant,%20Jon%20Bodsworth,%20public%20domain.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"An “Eye of Horus” pendant\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"650\" data-original-width=\"866\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgnbVV0RbWNfS4YfdtWxgCytg342LGh3X8lg60tvXTboZ4qwxU29AALpZ2TtCXR4uz0raVSLz_-exCaY6LdJHKxB-S9u2WGsuiF2JrmQiCUpWxrVg5VCSCJNaop2LPXqqdTOgP11UMXbzDhPmSIuFqYYrg_MGNLqoJrMc-WDJrJC7BcpJoGZb1UK_pfx0o\/w320-h240\/A%20'Eye%20of%20Ra'%20pendant,%20Jon%20Bodsworth,%20public%20domain.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 10: An “Eye of Horus” pendant. Credit: Jon Bodsworth, Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe symbol was popular amongst the Gnostics of Europe, found its way into Renaissance art where it became a symbol of the Trinity, and subsequently came to be used by the Freemasons, who regard it as a symbol of the Supreme Being, the “Grand Architect of the Universe”. This is how it eventually ended up on the US one dollar bill.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Garabandal visions of the Blessed Mother, can, therefore, be interpreted in a much broader context, wherein, the “Planetary Mother”, who is also the mother of the “Savior God” of humanity, appeared to the four girls in order to pass on some important messages to humanity, particularly about the epochal changes that lie ahead for all of us, and how we ought to live and change our lives in order navigate these challenges. With that said, let us carry on with the events that had transpired at Garabandal.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDuring the first apparition, the girls spoke to the Blessed Mother at considerable length about their day-to-day life in the village; just the kind of normal, spontaneous conversation that a child would have with her mother. She spoke to them with great love and patience. They blew her kisses, and she even permitted them to hold her crown in their hands. Mr. Pascual writes,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“Henceforth the visions became more and more frequent. There were often several in a single day. The hour at which the apparitions took place also varied greatly; they occurred early in the morning, at noon, after lunch, etc. The commonest time was from seven to nine in the evening. Later on, they occurred at night, ending as late as five o'clock in the morning on a number of occasions. Their duration was equally variable. As a rule, however, the rapture lasted about half an hour, and often enough continued for as long as two hours.” \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjxKGQ0EMiwvuXv2uRhZtbhaxlKYhjSrmKsKTzuqa7FirS5GU6PP0kJagGqw8ovd57eezdp2pEfqYndw55kDoKZ54d1uHlRBPkR-4VFMWaD-MpAu34ydqrBTbnEXvxGNV0U-gi6XvpbY8SHcUZ7V_0SSrWCwcrRcWnGfVLuCwobmlDFm3WpTxDoRv9Jzvo\/s1200\/Garabandal8.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Mary Loly (left) and Jacinta (right) in a vision in Garabandal\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"990\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"330\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjxKGQ0EMiwvuXv2uRhZtbhaxlKYhjSrmKsKTzuqa7FirS5GU6PP0kJagGqw8ovd57eezdp2pEfqYndw55kDoKZ54d1uHlRBPkR-4VFMWaD-MpAu34ydqrBTbnEXvxGNV0U-gi6XvpbY8SHcUZ7V_0SSrWCwcrRcWnGfVLuCwobmlDFm3WpTxDoRv9Jzvo\/w400-h330\/Garabandal8.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 11: Mary Loly (left) and Jacinta (right) in a vision, followed by\n crowds of onlookers. Source: The apparitions of Garabandal\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESoon, the pilgrims and curious visitors started giving the girls all kinds of sacred objects such as rosaries, wedding rings, medals etc. that the girls offered to the Blessed Mother to kiss. The girls were guided by the apparition to return each object to its rightful owner. Many miraculous events occurred during these raptures, which the author has documented in great detail. The visions continued from 1961 to 1965, in course of which the Blessed Mother gave the girls some important messages for humanity as well as visions and prophecies of future events.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA letter from Conchita talks about her last vision which happened in November 13th, 1965. In course of the conversation, the Blessed Mother told Conchita, \"Conchita, I have not come only for your sake; I have come for the sake of all my children, with the desire of bringing them closer to Our Hearts\". And when Conchita asked her, “Why do you not take me with you now?” the Blessed Mother replied, “Remember what I told you on your saint's day, and when you present yourself before God you must show Him your hands full of good works done by you for the benefit of your brethren and for the Glory of God; and at present your hands are empty.”\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgJUm61WMQRgeoZt7PKaXnlCoO8AS1Ak0tPhGP5_K6OC356HFZxEVM5jtsWK6iUNmfdFMcqk4PJhVULUkhV9V71Orzs5LC2BJJ1-zfwTtXMGzmWXEsnXx5pfJvCDf1_JihqQjvXAwFhkdnJaklVJs9IVqfOQA-2TVAT__ga1Ij7smHc95J8DmMoqdIP37w\/s1200\/Garabandal15.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Conchita surrounded by pilgrims, during one of the final visions in Garabandal\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"659\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"220\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgJUm61WMQRgeoZt7PKaXnlCoO8AS1Ak0tPhGP5_K6OC356HFZxEVM5jtsWK6iUNmfdFMcqk4PJhVULUkhV9V71Orzs5LC2BJJ1-zfwTtXMGzmWXEsnXx5pfJvCDf1_JihqQjvXAwFhkdnJaklVJs9IVqfOQA-2TVAT__ga1Ij7smHc95J8DmMoqdIP37w\/w400-h220\/Garabandal15.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 12: Conchita surrounded by pilgrims, during one of the final visions. Source: The apparitions of Garabandal\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBefore we get to the messages and prophecies given to the girls by the Blessed Mother, let us look at some of the strange, inexplicable and miraculous events that used to happen during these visions, that has defied all explanations. Even though hundreds of doctors, priests, reporters and people from all walks of life visited Garabandal to investigate the phenomenon, they were utterly bewildered and could offer no rational explanation for what was going on; which leaves supernatural as the only possible answer.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EThe Miraculous Phenomena\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDuring the visions the girls could not see anything around them, apart from the Blessed Mother (and the angels, when they were present). They could see the other girls as long as they remained in a state of ecstasy. It’s almost as if they had been pulled into a “bubble dimension”, where the laws of physics operate differently, and into which the light from our world cannot penetrate and vice versa. The presence of light sources or objects very close to their eyes did not cause the slightest flicker of their eyelids. On one occasion, a film was taken of the visionaries of Garabandal, with the help of powerful spotlights. As long as the girls were in the visionary state they did not even blink. But as soon as the vision ended, they immediately shut their eyes and protested at the glare of the lights trained on them.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnother peculiar feature was that, as long as the girls were in rapture they could lift one another up with the greatest of ease. In one of the photographs, Conchita can be seen, before the church door, lifting Mary Loly up to give something to the Virgin to be kissed. “On the other hand, two grown men were barely able to move a single child when in a rapture,” because of a strange extra weight that overcame the girls when in ecstasy. It’s as if even gravity operates differently within the “bubble dimension” the girls got pulled into. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe girls were completely oblivious to any kind of physical pain while they were in rapture. They did not even feel the weather, and sometimes, when the rapture occurred during a spell of rain, they did not realize that they were getting drenched, until after the vision had ended. Dozens of tests were done over the years, such as pricking them with needles, or keeping lighted candles close to their skin, but they evoked no response, whatsoever. Even Edgar Cayce had been subjected to many such tests by physicians, and all of them had walked away scratching their heads as to why Cayce was oblivious to pain when he went into his trances. It seems, as though, the pain-sensing neurons in our body (“nociceptors”) get switched off when someone enters a trance-like state or gets pulled into a “bubble dimension”. The visionaries of Garabandal displayed this trait on numerous occasions. During many of their raptures, they used to suddenly fall on their knees, crashing down on the stony pathways with tremendous force. But they showed not the slightest sign of pain. “They only left marks,” Conchita stated. Mr. Pascual writes,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\"One totally reliable eyewitness was deeply impressed on one occasion, when Mary Loly fell and hit her head on the edge of a step. The step in question was made of cement. The noise of the jarring blow was spine-chilling. “The bystanders”, says the eyewitness, “smothered a scream of horror, but the child remained calmly sitting on the floor, smiling and chatting happily with the Virgin. When she came out of her, rapture, they asked whether she had felt the blow. She could recall nothing...On examination, however, her head was seen to have a large bump where it had struck the step.\"\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWithin this “bubble dimension”, time stood still for the visionaries. Very often they would have a vision lasting a couple of hours, which seemed like a mere two minutes to the girls. When the Virgin took her leave, they were saddened. \"Don't go yet awhile; you have only been here a second,\" they often pleaded. Moreover, the visions did not induce any kind of physical tiredness in the girls. They did not require the sleep that they lost during the vision. Once, Mary Loly remained in ecstasy from 9 pm to 5 am, with one or two brief intervals.\u0026nbsp; She went to bed at six o'clock in the morning and rose for Mass at nine, without showing the slightest signs of weariness later in the day.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAfter the few days of the initial vision of the Blessed Mother, the girls began their ecstatic walks. They walked at whirlwind speed, without looking to see the way, and the villagers had to run to keep pace with them. They walked forwards and backwards, and, quite incredibly, many a times, they descended along the uneven, stony path that led to the pines, by walking backwards at breakneck speed. The Catalonian author, Mercedes Salisachs, who had visited Garabandal, wrote. “When Mary Loly at last started down the mountainside, I saw her running backwards, her gaze piercing the gloom overhead, avoiding obstacles and pot holes as if she had eyes in the back of her head.” It seems that even the locomotive abilities of the girls were being controlled by the apparition as long as they were in the “bubble dimension”.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMercedes Salisachs even saw Conchita levitate above the ground, which suggests an external control over the movement of the girls. She wrote,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“After kneeling down, she arched over backwards until she was reclining on the floor. All at once, it was as if she was lifted upwards. People round her claimed that not a single part of her was touching the floor, but I cannot testify to this case of levitation because, from where I stood, I could not be certain.”\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh6yzmW3rjFB8UfBsDiP5BGWAv8Iff5tLYEw1BTgWwlFb3VEM3JjqHdiX_KjEkyi1sXkb_SKfENW5hh6jvVhBqWhNwWfd-O4z9k1YMLP2FV-0lhzS1AMhs1YdDuS3jBTkg7NOCkUdBULhe0jWYD5prkaxsgvPaH9F_NrcoYLkd9k-xgPZ-H-zVONkL6gCA\/s806\/The%20chindren%20walking%20backwards.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"573\" data-original-width=\"806\" height=\"284\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh6yzmW3rjFB8UfBsDiP5BGWAv8Iff5tLYEw1BTgWwlFb3VEM3JjqHdiX_KjEkyi1sXkb_SKfENW5hh6jvVhBqWhNwWfd-O4z9k1YMLP2FV-0lhzS1AMhs1YdDuS3jBTkg7NOCkUdBULhe0jWYD5prkaxsgvPaH9F_NrcoYLkd9k-xgPZ-H-zVONkL6gCA\/w400-h284\/The%20chindren%20walking%20backwards.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 13: The Children Walking backwards during their vision.\u0026nbsp; Source: The apparitions of Garabandal\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDuring the visions the girls used to carry dozens of rosaries, wedding rings and other sacred objects given by the onlookers, which they gave to the Blessed Mother to kiss. There are many photographs where the children are seen with thick ropes of rosaries round their necks and their fingers covered in wedding rings. They had no idea to whom these objects belonged, but were guided by the apparition to return each object to the rightful owner. The visionaries put the rosary or chain around the neck of the owner, without taking their eyes off the apparition. They unerringly placed rings on the correct finger. When a pious object was lost or misplaced during the walks, the girls managed to retrieve it by asking the Blessed Mother for directions.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAn article published in the \"Pensamiento Alaves\" newspaper on April 27th, 1962, describes in vivid and moving details, the experience of Dr. Jose de la Vega at Garabandal.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\"A few hours later, I found myself watching the second apparition at close quarters. It was before dawn on Holy Saturday. The rain was pouring down, and the whole village looked like a rock-strewn mud-pie. Armed with torches, we followed one of the visionaries at a great pace as she went round the village streets in ecstasy. Clasped between her hands was a crucifix. Her head was thrown back, her smiling eyes staring up at the heavens . . . From time to time, she would drop to her knees, pray and kiss the Cross. Half the locals and all the strangers, even visiting children, followed her, openmouthed in wonder. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003EIn the little visionary's wake, we plunged down practically every lane and alley in the hamlet; we visited the church porch, the cemetery, and the mountainside where the Virgin Mary had appeared for the first time. The unevenness of the ground underfoot, the darkness and my city-dweller's innate clumsiness caused me to trip up on every stone that lay in my path. Bit by bit, I was left behind. I could go no farther and decided to await the return of the others. My wife could not bear to stop, despite the fact that she was already panting for breath. On she went, drawing courage from my own incredulity.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003EAll of a sudden, before she reached the brow, the ecstatic child halted in her tracks and started to run downhill backwards, scarcely brushing the steep stony ground in her passage, her smiling gaze never leaving the night sky. Reaching the spot where I was waiting, she stopped. With a resounding thud, she fell to her bare knees on the sharp stones, as though they were a feather cushion. Then, she raised her crucifix heavenwards, paused, and proffered it to me to kiss. Around her neck were hanging medals and rosaries belonging to nearly all those present. Her fingers sought a particular chain, while she whispered rather than talked to her invisible apparition: \"Tell me which one it is. Is this it?” She held the medal up for the Virgin in her vision to kiss. “Now, tell me whose it is,” we all heard her murmur huskily. \"Without a moment's hesitation, she turned to my wife, opened the gold catch of the chain and fastened it round her neck. My wife fell to her knees, moved to tears like myself and others who saw that strange scene. The child made her kiss the medal blessed by the Virgin Mary's lips and helped her to her feet with an angelic smile that we shall never forget.”\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi7LFMQLCVkxBDZlDRQzNGHTAMf62725rXKALxDPUEPSqRB7l3A9bqb8kghYSSVTzckcRR3PmLWCxfMUCQB70r9AevOnR7dyOpgtuh2fEwP8jAupMY-CrdzDLWVVf-TmIdrcxP5a6W2Za3zLb7mBWhU9DoN0B2ds1HkF-c-vt3MoA8lTVw459XSgXlfIA8\/s1231\/Garabandal9.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Mary Loly returning chains and amulets to their rightful owners in Garabandal\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"665\" data-original-width=\"1231\" height=\"216\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi7LFMQLCVkxBDZlDRQzNGHTAMf62725rXKALxDPUEPSqRB7l3A9bqb8kghYSSVTzckcRR3PmLWCxfMUCQB70r9AevOnR7dyOpgtuh2fEwP8jAupMY-CrdzDLWVVf-TmIdrcxP5a6W2Za3zLb7mBWhU9DoN0B2ds1HkF-c-vt3MoA8lTVw459XSgXlfIA8\/w400-h216\/Garabandal9.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 14: Mary Loly returning chains and amulets to their rightful \nowners, without taking her eyes off the vision. Source: The apparitions \nof Garabandal\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe mode of communication between the apparition and the girls appears to have been entirely telepathic. When it was time for an ecstasy, the girls received telepathic “summons” – which they heard within their heard, and not through the ears. When all of them were called together, all four rushed out of the house at the same time (even though they did not posses any watch). An investigator of events at Garabandal noted down Jacinta's impressions.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\"When the Virgin calls you, does she say 'Jacinta'?\"\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\"The first time,\" she explained, \"she just says 'Jacinta'; the second, 'Jacinta, come'; and the third time, 'Jacinta, hurry, hurry, hurry . . .' But all this is inside me and without actual words.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESometimes, when the raptures were interrupted, the children kept up their telepathic contact with the apparition, which they called “locution”. Conchita said: \"They're like a voice of joy, a voice of happiness, a voice of peace. These locutions have done me a lot of good, because it's as though the Blessed Virgin were inside me. I prefer the locutions to the apparitions, because in the locutions I have her inside me.”\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is quite likely that, during the visions, the girls were also communicating telepathically with the Blessed Mother, since they were heard whispering in earnest voices. Since the girls were accustomed to speech, they may have continued to move their lips and tongue, although that might not have been necessary.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is just a brief overview of some of the extraordinary and miraculous events that used to occur routinely in Garabandal between the years 1961and 1965. The entire phenomenon had been seen, documented, photographed, filmed, recorded and scrutinized by so many people that there is no doubt about the veracity of what had happened there, as incredulous as it may seem. There are many more interesting details, anecdotes, reports and miraculous phenomena documented in the book by Mr. Pascual, which should be consulted by anyone who is curious to know more.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThose who had visited Garabandal in those days, felt a strong sense of peace, love and friendship, and those who went there with a bit of skepticism in their minds, inevitably returned baffled, and often entirely transformed. The visions, undoubtedly, constitute some of the most mind-boggling paranormal events of the 20th century.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne might naturally wonder, why don’t we hear of Garabandal more often? Why didn’t the Catholic Church officially declare it as a supernatural event or miracle, and convert Garabandal into a major site of pilgrimage? The reason for that will become apparent once we read the two messages for humanity that the Blessed Mother had asked the girls to deliver – the first one in 1961 and the second one in 1965. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EThe Two Messages\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe first message was read out by Conchita on October 18, 1961, from a piece of paper signed by all four of them. She read out the message from the pine grove, where many pilgrims had assembled. This is what the message said:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“We must make many sacrifices, do much penance. We must visit the Blessed Sacrament frequently; but first, we must be good and unless we do this, a punishment will befall us. The Cup is already filling and unless we change, a very great punishment will befall us.”\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe second and final message of the Blessed Mother was given to Conchita by St. Michael the Archangel, in an ecstasy on June 18, 1965. Conchita knew about the vision more than five months in advance. Here’s what it stated:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\"As my Message of the 18th of October has not been complied with, and as it has not been made known to the world, I am telling you that this is the last one. Previously, the Cup was filling; now, it is brimming over. Many priests are following the road to perdition, and with them they are taking many more souls. Ever less importance is being given to the Holy Eucharist. We should turn the wrath of God away from us by our own efforts. If you ask His forgiveness with a sincere heart. He will pardon you. I, your Mother, through the intercession of St. Michael the Archangel, wish to tell you that you should make amends. You are now being given the last warnings. I love you very much, and I do not want your condemnation. Ask Us sincerely and We shall grant your plea. You must make more sacrifices. Reflect on the Passion of Jesus.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjGpofmHzk-EMWrRy5vkjlu6q5X4lCeEB4tDz0raTI2JTvOvqRWWQ4gfyksZGCyEtX16wZvrRi_M7hN_NJWwB-6YmxLu4LzcA3L6f2AmRYTg0V4A0Sb0uTT8xoeC5fkK8i2EGlK44_U7aOOX6DTY2WhPeOvDAX5Ub3D0UcxlF1cWZWRP8Y-vjbb9ZIYfkk\/s795\/Conchita%20June%2018%201965.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"739\" data-original-width=\"795\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjGpofmHzk-EMWrRy5vkjlu6q5X4lCeEB4tDz0raTI2JTvOvqRWWQ4gfyksZGCyEtX16wZvrRi_M7hN_NJWwB-6YmxLu4LzcA3L6f2AmRYTg0V4A0Sb0uTT8xoeC5fkK8i2EGlK44_U7aOOX6DTY2WhPeOvDAX5Ub3D0UcxlF1cWZWRP8Y-vjbb9ZIYfkk\/w400-h371\/Conchita%20June%2018%201965.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 15: Conchita receiving the second and final message, June 18, 1965. Source: The apparitions of Garabandal\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs soon as we read the second message it become obvious why the Catholic Church did not acknowledge the events at Garabandal as a miracle. The cat was out of the bag! Many priests were on the road to perdition and taking souls with them. And how many skeletons have tumbled out of the closet of the Church since then! We can well imagine that, if “many” priests were on the road to perdition in 1965, that lane must be clogged by now, and quite a few would be already rejoicing in their destination.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a way, it’s a blessing that the miraculous events at Garabandal did not receive official recognition as a miracle, for, had that been the case, there is a very good chance that all the writings, films and recordings of Garabandal may have been seized, the details of the actual events would have been scrubbed, sanitized, and infused with Church dogma, the visionaries may have been instructed not to interact with the media, and the entire phenomenon could have been reduced into a contrived narrative, devoid of truth or inspiration. Maybe, that is why the second message was delivered – to preserve the truth of what had happened at Garabandal for posterity.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWe now come to the three important prophecies that had been given to the visionaries of Garabandal, which has evinced much interest amongst those who are aware of these events. These prophecies are known as The Warning, The Miracle and The Chastisement.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EThe Warning\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs per the book, \u003Ci\u003EThe apparitions of Garabandal\u003C\/i\u003E, the following note had been written down by Conchita regarding the warning:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“The Virgin told me about this on January 1st, 1965, up in the pine grove. I can not say what it will consist of, because she did not command me to do so. And, as for when it is going to be, she did not tell me, so I do not know. What I do know is that it will be visible to everybody; it will be a direct work of God and will take place before the miracle. I do not know whether people will die because of it. They could only die from the shock of seeing it.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a letter written by Conchita, she wrote that she had received message of a \"warning so that the world will make amends\". \"This warning,\" she says, \"is like a punishment, for the just and the wicked alike; for the just, so as to bring them closer to God, and for the wicked to announce to them that time is running out, and that these are the last warnings. It is very long; I cannot explain it by letter. Nobody can prevent this coming. It is a certainty, although I do not know the day or anything about the date.”\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1973, after Conchita had moved to the US, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=J94A1CMslEg\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eshe was interviewed by Dr. Jeronimo Dominguez in New York City\u003C\/a\u003E. In that interview, Conchita described the warning.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“The lady said that she was going to give us the best remedies to help us lead good lives, and this warning was for the whole world. It will be felt all over; Garabandal, America, the whole world. Everyone will feel it, you will feel alone in the world before your sins and all your miseries, and have a chance to amend your life. It will be a terrible feeling, you will suffer terror but without physical pain. Yes, everyone will feel it, everybody in a different way, it will be felt in all countries by people of all religions. (Will anyone die from the warning?) No, only if it is by shock.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg4wqs7OIhkjJb0Pr-o3cZQwmEsWuY1N2onBsoFr92XPaf4Fmd6SnMCogD2ofu9n4hgEq9c6o3X5dFNF5zZ5f2q42Z-DFcx8Wm4aPNqrg2EhNduEB9BHzlMVwDjapff9RuCgHI4Q57lut0ukWyB0PLTQE461-ochEMXwgztmoToh-AMsAS-Nxj8yZIZ6c8\/s1341\/Conchita%20interview%201973.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"901\" data-original-width=\"1341\" height=\"269\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg4wqs7OIhkjJb0Pr-o3cZQwmEsWuY1N2onBsoFr92XPaf4Fmd6SnMCogD2ofu9n4hgEq9c6o3X5dFNF5zZ5f2q42Z-DFcx8Wm4aPNqrg2EhNduEB9BHzlMVwDjapff9RuCgHI4Q57lut0ukWyB0PLTQE461-ochEMXwgztmoToh-AMsAS-Nxj8yZIZ6c8\/w400-h269\/Conchita%20interview%201973.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 16: Conchita being interviewed by Dr. Jeronimo Dominguez in 1973. Source: YouTube\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QCDDtD-mZYk\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EIn an interview in English in 1980\u003C\/a\u003E, Conchita revealed more details on how the warning may sound and look like:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\"You can be anywhere in the world...you are going to feel that warning. It will be direct from God. You are going to feel it inside you. You are going to see it with your eyes. But it will not hurt you. To me it’s like two stars crashing and making a lot of noise and a lot of light but they don’t fall down. They don’t hit us and we are going to see it. In that moment, we are going to see our conscience. You are going to see everything wrong that you are doing. You are going to see everything good that you are not doing.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhmdEuR8frxcimtYaX0NWCeV_udFGYIy0Aa9uNz7QjUEbs7oK6jeO1n-u7nPKJoQTOBwDcce9Z-wPOee75rwKtr26zrQs3BXoJ9FBZRGaI4XI2CR5mXCWtzo5Dxq8y_0yVqq4RGyK-_J2zFLNM5ml9cbexSUHwqWTf-2phXbGWg5hO0bXmDc-UIRV9HZbE\/s1275\/Conchita%20Interview%201980.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"921\" data-original-width=\"1275\" height=\"289\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhmdEuR8frxcimtYaX0NWCeV_udFGYIy0Aa9uNz7QjUEbs7oK6jeO1n-u7nPKJoQTOBwDcce9Z-wPOee75rwKtr26zrQs3BXoJ9FBZRGaI4XI2CR5mXCWtzo5Dxq8y_0yVqq4RGyK-_J2zFLNM5ml9cbexSUHwqWTf-2phXbGWg5hO0bXmDc-UIRV9HZbE\/w400-h289\/Conchita%20Interview%201980.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 20: Conchita interviewed in 1980. Source: YouTube\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMary Loly was one of the visionaries of Garabandal, and she was the only one (of the four) who knew the date of the warning. Unfortunately, Mary Loly passed away in New Hampshire in 2009. \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4j5jteIi3Q0\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EIn an interview in 1983\u003C\/a\u003E, Mary Loly described what the warning will feel like.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\"It is a purification so that you notice your own faults, how much we have been offending God, the things that we do wrong and to feel sorry for it. Everybody is supposed to feel the warning at the same time, no matter where they are. Everything will stop. Each one feel depending on how that person is. They will feel frightened, sad, because they will recognize the things that they do wrong very clearly.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E(Interviewer: \"You once said before the warning Communism will dominate the world. Did the Blessed Mother tell you this?\") Yes. The communists will take over the world. She said it will be very hard for the priest to say mass, for the people to practice religion, and the priests will be persecuted. The churches will be closed for they will not allow for the priest to say mass or the people to go there.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgOS38kA-R0cOb6NygvVYey0gYs37uVaL1xylka_vHzWtjhqs_ZME3zhvydw3dWRuRXRNUwqUZhonnXx6WQ_Yez7AxTucTwZKoCf_U6meZv7LSWoM-JXMEOs0F986qPyQ6Ss8FByUtwR1_lGBI0T9QRkD2cIAbQq4nn-aJ0leTXhHbHQKh8asDtBvo_q8E\/s1383\/Mary%20Loly%201983%20interview.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"907\" data-original-width=\"1383\" height=\"263\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgOS38kA-R0cOb6NygvVYey0gYs37uVaL1xylka_vHzWtjhqs_ZME3zhvydw3dWRuRXRNUwqUZhonnXx6WQ_Yez7AxTucTwZKoCf_U6meZv7LSWoM-JXMEOs0F986qPyQ6Ss8FByUtwR1_lGBI0T9QRkD2cIAbQq4nn-aJ0leTXhHbHQKh8asDtBvo_q8E\/w400-h263\/Mary%20Loly%201983%20interview.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 17: Mary Loly being interviewed in 1983. Source: YouTube\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMany people have wondered over the years when the warning might occur, and what it could consist of. One thing is quite certain: it is definitely going to occur in the near future. Within one year of the warning, Conchita is going to announce the date when a miracle will happen at Garabandal. Since Conchita turned 75 in early 2024, the warning and the miracle should both take place sometime in the next 15 years or so.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is what got me really interested in the Garabandal prophecies, since, as per the Yuga Cycle framework, the Kali Yuga ends in 2025, which is due to be followed by an intense period of transformation till 2040, when the current ideologies and constructs of the Kali Yuga that are based on greed, separation and selfish interests are likely to fade away and our reality will be dramatically altered.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E2025 is the year when we enter into the period of transformation that the Greeks called Ekpyrosis – which means cleansing by fire – and no sooner did the year get underway than we saw the devastating fires erupt in Los Angeles, during a time which is not traditionally considered to be the fire season. The morning shows the day, and the ongoing fire events across the world seem to be a message from Mother Nature that the period of transformation has already commenced.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn one of her interviews, Conchita provided an important clue for deciphering what the warning might consist of. She said, “To me it’s like two stars crashing and making a lot of noise and a lot of light but they don’t fall down.” To me, this sounds like a large, effulgent comet entering our atmosphere with a lot of noise. Large meteors and comets can cause “sonic booms” when they enter the earth’s atmosphere, since they travel faster than the speed of sound. Sonic booms generate enormous amounts of sound energy, and sound similar to an explosion or a thunderclap.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EComets can also remain stationary in the skies for a long time, and don’t always follow Kepler’s laws of motion.\u0026nbsp; The 1st century CE historian, Josephus, was referring to a comet when he described a star, resembling a sword, which stood over the city of Jerusalem for an entire year, in 66 CE.[3] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EComets have also been traditionally described as the harbingers of doom and as “warnings sent to humanity by God”. In \u003Ci\u003EThe Popular Science Monthly\u003C\/i\u003E (1885), Andrew Dickson White, the Late President of Cornell University, wrote about the early Christian beliefs about comets:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“The belief that every comet is ball of fire, flung from the right hand of an angry God to warn the groveling dwellers of earth, was received into the early Church…The great Fathers of the Church committed themselves unreservedly to this doctrine. Tertullian declared that ‘comets portend revolutions of kingdoms, pestilence, war, winds, or heat.’ Origen insisted that they indicate “catastrophes and the downfall of empires and worlds.’”[4]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is not difficult to imagine that if a massive, brilliant comet were to enter the earth’s atmosphere with a deafening sonic boom, and lurk in the heavens above us for sometime, it will appear as if that comet has a conscious mind or is regulated by a divine intelligence. The powerful energies of the comet will be seen and felt all over the world, and can potentially induce strong psychological reactions and intense soul searching.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Garabandal warning also shows a connection to the Hopi prophecy of the Blue Star Kachina. As per the Hopi, this is the ninth and final sign that will indicate the end of the Fourth World: \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\"You will hear of a dwelling-house in the heavens, above the earth, that shall fall with a great crash. It will appear as a Blue Star. Very soon after this the ceremonies of my people will cease.\" \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt seems to me very likely that the “Blue Star” refers to a comet with a brilliant ion-tail, which typically appears bluish due to the presence of carbon monoxide ions. The comet is expected to give off a thundering sonic boom sounding like a “great crash” as it enters the earth’s atmosphere.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhQouEK6dEzCu2YIEwdGpwromVD0V0A1SJ-ZybT8W0ix0zMV9TFFHHThxyusUciX6X-uzvkWefkUpn-GBR_GlRMo_IcezgLC0sthiVdZ2npV5Ul9UDM8Poxvx4A1LJqWd3149WoI-zAU83PMBt6rjzEfaDaNnWhODf1FrsP2fxg6sULGO5u1DNtmU8gM_E\/s1300\/74%20Comet%20NEOWISE%20photographed%20from%20the%20Eastern%20Sierras%20of%20California%20in%202020,%20Benjamin%20Inouye,%20CC%20BY%204.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"883\" data-original-width=\"1300\" height=\"434\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhQouEK6dEzCu2YIEwdGpwromVD0V0A1SJ-ZybT8W0ix0zMV9TFFHHThxyusUciX6X-uzvkWefkUpn-GBR_GlRMo_IcezgLC0sthiVdZ2npV5Ul9UDM8Poxvx4A1LJqWd3149WoI-zAU83PMBt6rjzEfaDaNnWhODf1FrsP2fxg6sULGO5u1DNtmU8gM_E\/w640-h434\/74%20Comet%20NEOWISE%20photographed%20from%20the%20Eastern%20Sierras%20of%20California%20in%202020,%20Benjamin%20Inouye,%20CC%20BY%204.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 18: Comet NEOWISE photographed from the Eastern Sierras of \nCalifornia in 2020. Credit: Benjamin Inouye, CC BY 4.0 via Wikimedia \nCommons\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDr. Robert Ghost Wolf in the book, \u003Ci\u003ELAST CRY: Native American Prophecies \u0026amp; Tales of the End Times\u003C\/i\u003E, gave more details of the Blue Star Kachina.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“The story of the Blue Star Kachina is a very old story, very old. I have been aware of the story of the Blue Kachina since I was very young. I was told this story by grandfathers who are now between 80 and 108 years of age. Frank Waters also wrote about Saquasohul, the Blue Star Kachina in “The Book of the Hopi”, the story came from Grandfather Dan, Oldest Hopi...It was told to me that first the Blue Kachina would start to be seen at the dances, and would make his appearance known to the children in the plaza during the night dance. This event would tell us that the end times are very near. Then the Blue Star Kachina would physically appear in our heavens which would mean that we were in the end times...The return of the Blue Star Kachina who is also known as Nan ga sohu will be the alarm clock that tells us of the new day and new way of life, a new world that is coming. This is where the changes will begin. They will start as fires that burn within us, and we will burn up with desires and conflict if we do not remember the original teachings, and return to the peaceful way of life…”[5]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESo the Blue Star Kachina is also expected to trigger some pretty intense psychological reactions within us, which will seem like “fires that burn within us”. The fire could either cleanse our ego, leading us towards greater awareness, empathy and harmony, or, it could exacerbate the lustful and violent tendencies within us and cause further global conflicts.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn my book \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, I have postulated that the passage of the earth through the dense swarm of comets and asteroids within the Taurid meteor stream, known as the Taurid Resonant Swarm, in the years 2032 and 2036, could be the defining moments of the Yuga-transitional period. My thinking was that, just prior to the 2032 passage, one or more comets within the swarm could get activated (they are currently in a dormant state), and cause serious damage. However, I had an intuitive feeling that the 2032 encounter would be more of a “warning”. Here’s what I wrote in my book:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“I think that the 2032 passage will fire the warning shots, making us aware of a greater reality, and of the ardent need to change our thought patterns and way of life. It will not cause a civilizational collapse but could be a dress rehearsal for what will happen in 2036” \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOn the basis of my study, I would place the Garabandal warning in the year 2032, when we pass the Taurid swarm sometime between October and December.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere’s something that Mary Loly said about the situation prevailing in the world prior to the warning that deserves our attention. She said that, “The communists will take over the world. It will be very hard for the priest to say mass, for the people to practice religion, the priests will be persecuted, and the churches will be closed.”\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI think what Mary Loly really meant by the word “communists” are the forces and agencies of irreligion, atheism and gross materialism. Her statements seem to imply that, prior to the warning, a large part of the world may come under the rule of a technology and AI regulated New World Order where the practice of religion will be prohibited and the places of worship –churches, temples, mosques, monasteries etc. - will be shut down.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is a plausible scenario that could emerge sometime around 2029, since, as I have already explained in an earlier article titled, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2025\/03\/four-signs-that-yuga-shift-is-already.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\"Four Signs that the Yuga Shift is already underway\"\u003C\/a\u003E, the 7-year period from 2029 to 2036 could be the “7 years of Tribulation” during the end-times described in the Revelations. The asteroid Apophis is going to make two close flybys to the earth in the years 2029 and 2036, effectively serving as a celestial clock marking out the prophetic times.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs per the WEF vision, 2030 is the year by which the Great Reset needs to be implemented, when a global government will call the shots, and “individuals will own nothing and be happy.” Moreover, the year 2029 \/ 2030 is the time when the EU is planning for a direct military confrontation with Russia, along with China and Iran, as is evident from the volatile rhetoric made by the leaders of various European nations in 2024. In other words, plans and preparations are already afoot for a global war to unfurl the New World Order on a scared, miserable population, caught up in the throes of large-scale devastation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere is a good chance, therefore, that people in some parts of the world could be living under the tyranny of a New World Order, when the warning comes, as Mary Loly had seen in her visions. Let us now move on to the next prophecy revealed to the Garabandal visionaries – the Miracle.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EThe Miracle\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs per the book, \u003Ci\u003EThe apparitions of Garabandal\u003C\/i\u003E, the following note had been written down by Conchita regarding the miracle:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\"The Virgin told only me about the miracle. She forbade me to say what it will consist of. I cannot reveal the date either until eight days beforehand. What I am allowed to say is that it will coincide with an event in the Church, and with the feast of a saint who is a martyr of the Holy Eucharist; it will be at half-past eight on a Thursday evening; it will be visible to everybody in the village and on the surrounding mountainsides; the sick who are present will be cured and the incredulous will believe. It will be the greatest miracle that Jesus has worked for the world. There will not remain the slightest doubt that it comes from God and is for the good of mankind. In the pine grove, a sign of the miracle will be left forever. It will be possible to film and televise it.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi7MEHNGHYlp-OSLWuu5eoYTjAeH2itVzPstC7vlpd-KV-DUV7hiQDWBTxiz42whnTvO_wPse8SmoFmREcG1sg5cCPc_xQY0itaMadptGGGLNF7a9vKDxc9WiawugM8SbTFHzxj-yLs3O-AitL1Kqmr-DzWV1h5HCtzovBWm6FMd06RoI4Y2cDyEHEGfUo\/s801\/Conchita%20at%20the%20pines.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Conchita at the pines, in Garabandal\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"596\" data-original-width=\"801\" height=\"297\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi7MEHNGHYlp-OSLWuu5eoYTjAeH2itVzPstC7vlpd-KV-DUV7hiQDWBTxiz42whnTvO_wPse8SmoFmREcG1sg5cCPc_xQY0itaMadptGGGLNF7a9vKDxc9WiawugM8SbTFHzxj-yLs3O-AitL1Kqmr-DzWV1h5HCtzovBWm6FMd06RoI4Y2cDyEHEGfUo\/w400-h297\/Conchita%20at%20the%20pines.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 19: Conchita at the pines, the site of many apparitions. Source: The apparitions of Garabandal\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=J94A1CMslEg\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EIn the 1973 interview\u003C\/a\u003E, Conchita said that the information about the miracle was given to her on the 19th of March, 1963. This is how she described the miracle in the interview: \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\"She (The Blessed Mother) said that there would be a great miracle at Garabandal that God would perform for the world. It would be something very big and there would not be any doubt that God has sent it himself. He will use nothing of this world to make this miracle. All present near and around will witness it. The sick will be cured. There will be a sign that will remain for all time in the pines (the pine grove at Garabandal), that you can see, photograph or televise, but not touch. A definite sign from God. I don't know when the warning will come, but it will be before the miracle. The date of the miracle I know exactly. However, I have been charged by the lady not to speak of it until eight days prior to the miracle. I will tell everybody eight days before it happens...I am waiting for the words of the lady to be fulfilled. I am waiting for the miracle.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QCDDtD-mZYk\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EIn the interview in English in 1980\u003C\/a\u003E, Conchita said, “I know the sign but I cannot explain it. I know you can see it, you can take pictures, but you can’t feel it. (\"Is it like a bright light?\" she is asked by the interviewer) Yes, something like that, and its going to be there forever.”\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=m8O3VdJDejk\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EIn an interview with the “Late Late Show From New York”\u003C\/a\u003E, Conchita said, \"I say it (miracle) will happen between April and June.”\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EJacinta, who was one of the Garabandal visionaries, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/garabandalnews.org\/2021\/11\/18\/interview-to-jacinta-one-of-the-seers-of-the-apparitions-of-our-lady-in-garabandal-published-as-a-book-by-jose-maria-zavala-a-renown-spanish-catholic-journalist-in-november-15th-2021\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Erevealed in an interview with José María Zavala in 2021\u003C\/a\u003E, that: “We must have hope. The Warning will come first and in the same year, I believe, the Miracle. And if despite the Miracle there is no repentance, then no one will get rid of the Chastisement.”[6]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThese are some of the statements about the miracle made by the Garabandal visionaries. I have no idea what the miracle might consist of, and I guess we will only know it when it happens. As for the date, it is supposed to occur within one year of the warning, on a Thursday, sometime between April and June. Going by this information and my earlier estimate for the date of the warning, the miracle should occur in the year 2033, in the month of April \/ May \/ June on a Thursday at 8:30 pm, on the day of the feast of a saint who is a martyr of the Holy Eucharist.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENow, I had published this article on the Mysterious Universe website a few months ago, and one of the persons who had read this article with interest was Chris Sterkel. Chris did some digging around for potential dates for the miracle, and for the year 2033 he found a date which exactly matches the criteria specified by Conchita - \u003Cb\u003EThursday April 14th 2033\u003C\/b\u003E. This date falls in the Holy Week, which is the week prior to Easter. This is also the feast day of Saint Anicetus, who is believed to be a martyr. Chris had found a few more potential dates for the miracle between the years 2031 and 2042, and he sent me all of that information via email, but at this moment I will just go with Thursday April 14th 2033 as the most likely date for the miracle.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENow let’s move on to what the Garabandal visionaries have said about the Chastisement.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EThe Chastisement\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOn June 19, 1962, the young visionaries were shown terrifying scenes of future events. For fifty minutes they were in a state of agony. On the second night - The Night of The Screams - the prophecy of the conditional chastisement was revealed to the seers, which brought terror and tears to the children. As per the book, \u003Ci\u003EThe apparitions of Garabandal\u003C\/i\u003E, the following note had been written down by Conchita regarding the chastisement or punishment:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“The punishment is conditioned to whether or not mankind heeds the Blessed Virgin's messages and the miracle. If it does take place, then I know what it will consist of, because the Virgin told me, but I am not allowed to say. What is more, I have seen the punishment. What I can assure you is that, if it comes, it is far worse than if we were enveloped in fire; worse than if we had fire above us, and fire beneath. I do not know how long a time will elapse after the miracle, before God sends it.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QCDDtD-mZYk\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EIn the 1980 interview\u003C\/a\u003E, when Conchita was asked, \"When you look at your little children, and you look ahead to the future, are you frightened for them?” she replied that she was, and the ongoing moral degeneration of our society tells her that the chastisement is almost certain.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003EYes, I do...I think they are going to suffer a lot. I believe after the miracle, although we will say we are going to change our lives, I think we got too spoiled, we don’t do sacrifice, we have lost our sense of sin, its very hard to start all over again, even to teach it to children, and I see the way they are teaching to children now that there is no sin anymore. I believe we are all going to get the punishment and if the punishment is coming I am sure it is going to get my children and my children’s lives. And that worries me.”\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/garabandalnews.org\/2021\/11\/18\/interview-to-jacinta-one-of-the-seers-of-the-apparitions-of-our-lady-in-garabandal-published-as-a-book-by-jose-maria-zavala-a-renown-spanish-catholic-journalist-in-november-15th-2021\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EIn Jacinta’s interview with José María Zavala in 2021\u003C\/a\u003E, which has been published in a book titled, \u003Ci\u003EThe end times are here: the seer Jacinta of Garabandal breaks her silence\u003C\/i\u003E, Jacinta explained how we must lead our lives in order to face the coming miracle and chastisement.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“The Chastisement, I insist, is contingent on conversion and we must have hope and pray a lot for the world to change, even if it doesn’t seem like this is going to occur for the moment...It will be a rebirth for the soul. Many people are terrified of thinking about the Chastisement, but I tell them: The best thing is to live from day to day with hope and peace, staying close to God. The rest will follow. The problem is the people who continue to live with their backs to Christ and thus it is impossible to be happy and have hope…You do not have to be afraid, but change your life right now, instead of waiting for the Miracle to occur while you dedicate yourself to offend God as you please. I will not be tired of repeating that the conversion has to be today, and not tomorrow. We should ask God for a lot of help, because He is the only one who can sustain us and protect us in the face of the adversity that lies ahead.”\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgutzwepbTnfW1tIpkS4ZkUNlT-DF7VK3XazRt9pO58NFcXpPeXAQciVGO0UPaKWS9oev8C7cxrOTKl8oWpXv_UQiAnmKE7xULEE3iWl7Li68Fr3IE0LnDaTYAQAs3Pvn8BhdccqQS1X6F12q_-PgO5E9zMZ-Nkapplt42J0Nvd816CylN1VCauWMckoI8\/s1243\/Jacinta%20interview.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"911\" data-original-width=\"1243\" height=\"294\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgutzwepbTnfW1tIpkS4ZkUNlT-DF7VK3XazRt9pO58NFcXpPeXAQciVGO0UPaKWS9oev8C7cxrOTKl8oWpXv_UQiAnmKE7xULEE3iWl7Li68Fr3IE0LnDaTYAQAs3Pvn8BhdccqQS1X6F12q_-PgO5E9zMZ-Nkapplt42J0Nvd816CylN1VCauWMckoI8\/w400-h294\/Jacinta%20interview.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 21: Jacinta (sitting next to her husband) being interviewed in the “Garabandal Visionaries Interviews”, YouTube video.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe chastisement, as we learn from Conchita’s description, will be caused by fire which will come from above and below, which lines up with what the Yuga Cycle framework tells us: that, we are now entering a period of transition called Ekpyrosis, when the world will be purified and renewed by fire.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENearly 75 years ago, the theosophist Alice Bailey had made a similar prophecy about the times we are living in. She said that, “three aspects of our reality must be recognized by humanity before the year 2025, if the destruction of mankind is to be averted. They are: Recognition of the Christ spirit within, Recognition of the Hierarchy, and Recognition of the Divine Plan. She believed that a destruction by fire is a definite possibility. “If humanity fails to unite under the banner of the Forces of Light against the forces of material aggression and selfishness, then the “fiery ordeal” might be unavoidable.”[7]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESo what might cause the fiery ordeal at the end of this age? The Hopi prophecies provide a clue. The Hopi say that the Blue Star Kachina will be followed by the Red Star Kachina who will bring about the Day of Purification. This is what Dr. Robert Ghost Wolf wrote in the book \u003Ci\u003ELAST CRY: Native American Prophecies \u0026amp; Tales of the End Times\u003C\/i\u003E. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“When the Purifier comes we will see him first as a small Red Star which will come very close and sit in our heavens watching us. Watching us to see how well we have remembered the sacred teachings… This Purifier will show us many miraculous signs in our heavens. In this way we will know that the Creator is not a dream. Even those who do not feel their connection to spirit will see the face of creator across the sky. Things unseen will be felt very strongly…Many things will begin to occur that will not make sense, for reality will be shifting back in and out of the dream state... All living things will want to be present for this day when time ends, and we enter the forever cycle of the Fifth World…\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003EAfter a time we will again walk with our brothers from the Stars, and rebuild this earth. But, not until the Purifier has left his mark upon the universe…Nothing living will go untouched, here or in the heavens. The way through this time it is said is to be found in our hearts, and reuniting with our spiritual self. Getting simple and returning to living with and upon the earth and in harmony with her creatures. Remembering that we are the caretakers, the fire keepers of the Spirit. Our relatives from the Stars are coming home to see how well we have fared in our journey.”\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt seems to me that the Red Star Kachina could be another large, effulgent comet, which appears red due to the emission of sodium ions. Incidentally, the Navajo people have a prophecy that a Nine-pointed Star – which is most likely a comet with nine tails - will come from the east and unify all races and nations.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, I had shown that many ancient cultures venerated a large, brilliant comet as the symbol, star, messenger or animal mount of the Savior God, which is tasked with carrying out the divine will. It was described by the ancients as a many-tailed, effulgent, “bird of fire” that can strike us with thunder and lightning, stop the rotation of the earth, block out the sun, bring rain and fertility and seed the earth with new life. It returns periodically to herald a new age and was known by many names – the Phoenix, Benu Bird, the Eagle of Zeus, the Garuda Bird of Vishnu, the Thunderbird of the Native Americans etc. It is possible that this comet is located within the Taurid Resonant Swarm and may get activated sometime prior to our passage through the swarm in the year 2036.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlthough Conchita mentioned that she does not know how long after the miracle the chastisement will happen, in a number of readings, Edgar Cayce had said that that return of the Messiah will take place in ’36, when “His star will appear”. The year ’36 very likely refers to 2036, for there is no reason why Cayce would have prophesied the return of the Savior in 1936, when he had, in fact, made a number of stunningly accurate predictions about the Second World War that followed soon afterwards.\u0026nbsp; Cayce’s descriptions of the events that will accompany the return of the Messiah are reminiscent of a cometary apocalypse. Cayce said that the earth changes in 2036 will be initiated by “outside forces”, which will “disturb the equilibrium of the earth itself in space”, and, as a result, “the sun will be darkened and the earth shall be broken up in diverse places”.[8]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI will, therefore, place the chastisement in the year 2036, sometime between June 5 and July 18, when the earth will cross the section of the Taurid stream known as the Beta Taurids.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEvidently, a number of prophecies are converging in the near future. The fact that Conchita is now 75 years old, and she is waiting to announce the date of the miracle, is a clear indication that we are in the end times. We just can’t get around it anymore. It’s all getting very real now. This is the time for us to wake up from the stupor of the Kali Yuga and put our lives back on the right track, by returning to living in truth, love, simplicity and harmony, as all the messages are telling us to do.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs I was watching the interviews of the Garabandal visionaries, I was struck by how all of them radiated love, peace, humility, and empathy, which shows that their conscience has been touched by a divine influence. They shunned the limelight all their lives, and led simple, married lives, dedicated to service, because, as per Conchita, that is what the Blessed Mother had instructed them to do. While Conchita is now waiting for the time to announce the miracle, I think the world will benefit greatly if she came out of her self-imposed exile and shared her wisdom and insights with the rest of the world, and be a beacon in these challenging times. As the Kali Yuga winds up and the day of warning draws nearer, the world needs as much truth, guidance and inspiration as it can possibly get.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReferences\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E[1] These two YouTube videos provide a good overview of what had happened at Garabandal: \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mkhhh85hiew\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mkhhh85hiew\u003C\/a\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=G26eQ-4SSGA\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=G26eQ-4SSGA\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[2] The book is available for free download at the Garabandal.info website. Click here: \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.garabandal.info\/book\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.garabandal.info\/book\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[3] Flavius Josephus, The Wars of the Jews 6.5.3, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/2850\/2850-h\/2850-h.htm\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/2850\/2850-h\/2850-h.htm\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[4] Andrew Dickson White, “New Chapters in the Warfare of Science: The Doctrine of Comets”, The Popular Science Monthly, 1885, p. 723.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[5] Dr. Robert Ghost Wolf, Last Cry: Native American Prophecies \u0026amp; Tales of the End Times, Trafford Publishing, 2003.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[6] \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/garabandalnews.org\/2021\/11\/18\/interview-to-jacinta-one-of-the-seers-of-the-apparitions-of-our-lady-in-garabandal-published-as-a-book-by-jose-maria-zavala-a-renown-spanish-catholic-journalist-in-november-15th-2021\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/garabandalnews.org\/2021\/11\/18\/interview-to-jacinta-one-of-the-seers-of-the-apparitions-of-our-lady-in-garabandal-published-as-a-book-by-jose-maria-zavala-a-renown-spanish-catholic-journalist-in-november-15th-2021\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[7] Dorje Jinpa, “The Coming Avatar”, 2013, \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/whenthesoulawakens.org\/the-coming-avatar_448.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttp:\/\/whenthesoulawakens.org\/the-coming-avatar_448.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[8] Reading 311-8, April 9, 1932; Reading 3976-10, August 2, 1932; Reading 3976-15, January 19, 1934.\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/2216139462428762632\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2025\/05\/the-garabandal-prophecies-and-their.html#comment-form","title":"21 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/2216139462428762632"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/2216139462428762632"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2025\/05\/the-garabandal-prophecies-and-their.html","title":"The Garabandal Prophecies and their connection to the End of the Kali Yuga"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjFfKdUj2cksHELmdTrZQhwq_92Tj52AdXWve2dsiDPtxYaIK43YbPFMCaPaQbTI9I0ndlayd8yJIGdyrDlm8WqpVmzJBema2kwEA0Qk1fhRgV7XBZU0Md9AlWuLrL-wOddlWdwPGTQtKfiUmEnfkBs6lssXcPlhNrJ4zdBjHIh2XDEzuYo8wTad0NYc8c\/s72-c\/Garabandal%20Blessed%20Mother%20featured%20small1.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"21"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-6670759207454871005"},"published":{"$t":"2025-03-19T19:05:00.003+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2025-08-02T12:42:42.180+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Four Signs that the Yuga Shift is already underway"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgnpHzJWde2vMpVrR4TOUHUX4mURKsTUBJzxm8xfbgUDsUUvUBEWd9kDu2HJrd4LrYocKQlGWsFuyWHARi1OkZqX3z1tLyi89t1IOfogIB4UagbtR8kZBZbjs1hkRduLnVgsCR5XT_vXL9NbqMsPg-dVen0UwNc0ozW4KOrjWUvsiwVx6GsrGpgLAfqzaA\/s500\/AdobeStock_956346941%20black%20hole%20thumbnail.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"280\" data-original-width=\"500\" height=\"179\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgnpHzJWde2vMpVrR4TOUHUX4mURKsTUBJzxm8xfbgUDsUUvUBEWd9kDu2HJrd4LrYocKQlGWsFuyWHARi1OkZqX3z1tLyi89t1IOfogIB4UagbtR8kZBZbjs1hkRduLnVgsCR5XT_vXL9NbqMsPg-dVen0UwNc0ozW4KOrjWUvsiwVx6GsrGpgLAfqzaA\/s320\/AdobeStock_956346941%20black%20hole%20thumbnail.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAs I am writing this article in the middle of March 2025, I am taken aback at the speed at which things are unfolding in the world right now. My expectation was that the pace of transformation will slowly pick up in 2025, and intensify further after March 21st, which is the date when the Kali Yuga will be completely over and the period of transition called Ekpyrosis will begin.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut right from the get-go, 2025 has been a very eventful year, and some of the things that I had mentioned in my book, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, are already manifesting in the world.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI want to discuss four events that have already occurred which indicate that the shift out of the Kali Yuga has well and truly commenced, and we are now entering uncharted waters, when things are likely to become very fluid, unpredictable and chaotic, as the illusory reality bubble we live in begins to come apart at the seams, allowing the light of a greater cosmic reality to shine through which will elevate our awareness and intuitive understanding.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EEkpyrosis Begins\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe first event I will talk about, which happened right at the beginning of 2025, was the devastating wildfire in LA. The fiery catastrophe served as a potent warning that we are now entering the period of Ekpyrosis - which is an extended period of transition between the descending and ascending arcs of the Yuga Cycle – when the world is cleansed and purified by fire. The term Ekpyrosis is of Greek origin and it means “burning” or “conflagration”.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhat happened in LA was so unusual, ferocious, and unrelenting, it was almost as if nature had blown a fuse and gone berserk, and was trying to shake us out of the stupor of the Kali Yuga. As the fire raged, it was disheartening to see all the finger pointing, blame games and conspiracy theories, when we should have really been doing some serious soul searching and asking the important questions: Why is nature behaving this way? Is there any message for us? What can we do differently?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEven in the midst of this damage, a miracle occurred at Pacific Palisades, where the fire had burnt with the most severity. The fire burnt all around the Lake Shrine of the Self-Realization Fellowship, keeping all the structures in the complex intact, except one. The Lake Shrine had been established by Paramahansa Yogananda in 1950, to serve as an “open-air shrine of all religions”, where man would be inspired to achieve communion with his highest Self.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen I read about this miracle, it seemed to me that the fire was conscious and was telling us, “Only that which is aligned with spirit, and supports the unfolding of our divine nature, will make it through the period of Ekpyrosis.”\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjaigV3Ki1AGVoUuXoA5YA0x1DKcHKIvdhlEUfGWXnAgLID1X8Y5xXaC4arL5MSIyFWlcMyTcz-opA9yelKCqyPQqQUMc9dLlazcg7UUJTNQJw21mjWzhZzeWn5c5Ew3p15Z9fjPLoaJpEvv9aZb8dTCrPfljH54NUYn0HKqBlVj1i-xqJLnmCXrV7VEKw\/s1400\/wildfire%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"933\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjaigV3Ki1AGVoUuXoA5YA0x1DKcHKIvdhlEUfGWXnAgLID1X8Y5xXaC4arL5MSIyFWlcMyTcz-opA9yelKCqyPQqQUMc9dLlazcg7UUJTNQJw21mjWzhZzeWn5c5Ew3p15Z9fjPLoaJpEvv9aZb8dTCrPfljH54NUYn0HKqBlVj1i-xqJLnmCXrV7VEKw\/w640-h426\/wildfire%20small.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EWildfires are becoming more frequent and intense. Source: Adobe Stock\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOver the past two months of 2025, there have a number of large fire events around the world. Japan experienced its biggest fire in decades and wildfires erupted in the Carolinas in the US. What makes these fires so unusual is not only their ferocity, but the fact that they were burning in the winter months in regions that are normally not prone to wildfires. Even as I write this, there is a headline on AP News which reads, “At least 39 dead after tornadoes, wildfires and dust storms wreak havoc across multiple US states.”\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to the fire events, there have been a number of freak, flooding incidents across the world over the past few months. In an earlier article, titled, “\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2025\/02\/the-sioux-prophecy-of-white-buffalo.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EThe Sioux Prophecy of the White Buffalo Calf Woman came true in 2024\u003C\/a\u003E” I had written about these flooding events, and how they began to increase in number and intensity after the Sioux Prophecy of the White Buffalo Calf Woman came true in the month of June, 2024.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs per the Sioux, the appearance of a white buffalo calf in the wild would indicate that the current World Cycle is on the verge of ending, and the White Buffalo Calf Woman – who gave the Sioux people their sacred laws and ceremonies - is about to return to purify the world, and restore harmony and balance. In early June, 2024, a white bison calf was photographed in the Yellowstone National Park, which was taken by the Sioux people as a foreboding sign of imminent changes.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe White Buffalo Calf Woman corresponds to the goddess Isis of Egypt, who was regarded as the bringer of the Nile floods. This might explain the spate of intense flooding events across the world. The standout weird incidents, of course, were the unusual floods in the Sahara Desert and the snowstorm in the Arabian Desert last year, which are reminiscent of scenes straight out of apocalyptic movies.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjQuSAIC44nHK4yujSH1CGBaq38SxbVYtFSALsKdOV3x70W__H0MiQC7UP3Jtxoupqh7eP6RXgFO72g0Xu51F_6eeoqgK34fI8kReh5YeG5kf45Fynv_a7kCF9e7GmYfkwHvTQFbCikl2wCPLYO8DV5Mc1ekk4havwaGFwJpPSzK5WUEhX9XtbzMx0x3tU\/s1400\/Sahara%20flood%202024.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"785\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"358\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjQuSAIC44nHK4yujSH1CGBaq38SxbVYtFSALsKdOV3x70W__H0MiQC7UP3Jtxoupqh7eP6RXgFO72g0Xu51F_6eeoqgK34fI8kReh5YeG5kf45Fynv_a7kCF9e7GmYfkwHvTQFbCikl2wCPLYO8DV5Mc1ekk4havwaGFwJpPSzK5WUEhX9XtbzMx0x3tU\/w640-h358\/Sahara%20flood%202024.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EThe Flood in the Sahara in 2024 created lakes in the desert. Source: Adobe Stock\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo add to our woes, there is an ongoing magma movement in the earth’s crust, which has been causing intense “earthquake swarms” in places like Santorini in Greece and the Campi Flegrei region west of Naples in Italy. Just a few days ago, a headline on AP News stated, “A volcano near Alaska's largest city could erupt in the coming weeks or months, scientists say.”\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThings have been happening at a frantic pace, keeping large populations worried and on the edge. It’s almost as if a cosmic magician has waved his magic wand, and our planet has started waking up after a long period of hibernation, kicking off a number of dormant planetary processes of cleansing and renewal.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe question is, who is the cosmic magician who is setting off these environmental events, just as we are about to transition out of the Kali Yuga? Scientists are happy to blame these changes on man-made global warming or on absurdities like “cow farts”, but that may not necessarily be the case.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EThe Black Hole Enters its AGN Phase\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, I had proposed that the radiation from the central black hole of the Milky Way regulates the fluctuation of consciousness, lifespan, physical stature and the environmental conditions in course of the Yuga Cycle.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Vedic sages referred to the central black hole as “Brahma” – the supreme, unformed, creative principle at the navel of the world (Vishnunabhi) – which is well-aligned with how scientists describe the black hole i.e. as the central engine powering our galaxy.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiRVaSEDbnLodCyBVYBGa6pAY6xFu85o9M666ZbechWHI5pFyf9EyR1ZzXNkYI786ddpF4LvtOFCXmANTqt_1Eqkrh99P4RJRR9qes0AcvBIjwA-e_o659s2bNktbzxHCG0nhucZrklS1dcLFJSKuab4xYXuRzyIl9ujkPe1WQQtEoI5TT2XJtp-E3rF4c\/s1080\/Milky%20Way%20edit%20NASA%20JPL%20Caltech%20R%20Hurt.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Vishnu, Vishnunabhi and Brahma in the Milky Way galaxy\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1080\" data-original-width=\"1080\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiRVaSEDbnLodCyBVYBGa6pAY6xFu85o9M666ZbechWHI5pFyf9EyR1ZzXNkYI786ddpF4LvtOFCXmANTqt_1Eqkrh99P4RJRR9qes0AcvBIjwA-e_o659s2bNktbzxHCG0nhucZrklS1dcLFJSKuab4xYXuRzyIl9ujkPe1WQQtEoI5TT2XJtp-E3rF4c\/w400-h400\/Milky%20Way%20edit%20NASA%20JPL%20Caltech%20R%20Hurt.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EAs per the Vedic cosmovision, Vishnu is the central bar, Vishnunabhi \ni.e. the navel of Vishnu is the Galactic Center, and Brahma the creative\n principle is the central black hole. Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/R. Hurt, \nPublic Domain Image.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMy contention was that, the central black hole (Sgr A*) will switch from the “Start-up phase” of its AGN cycle to the active or “AGN phase”, after we transition out of the Kali Yuga, and when this high-frequency energetic impulse reaches us it will trigger a range of changes in our genetics and ecosphere that would propel us towards the ascending arc of the Yuga Cycle.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the “Start-up phase”, a black hole is generally very quiet, and emits occasional X-ray flares. This is what the central black hole of the Milky Way has been doing over the past few centuries. But when a black hole switches to its active or “AGN phase”, it emits profuse quantities of EM radiation at all frequencies, from infrared to visible to gamma rays. At this point, the nucleus becomes highly luminous and outshines the light from all the stars of the galaxy put together, and is called an AGN i.e. an Active Galactic Nucleus.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjgQpI23AoWIb4KDlVHcnZPRiRyx4iiQY9sHAoue2AezvrSBG3roFxrGkmzhcQyRSX6cnBBQSnzyXy1X9-SrZ8aPh4vx56YehcyVG6mWtKno4psxRAPWi2G6eFkm2Lx23Q4mY1bnadiv8G_47u9KrOZlvsYtC8TM5rlVL8wniVNTyMWSGZdib9w5Vt8cjA\/s1400\/49%20Yuga%20Cycle%20and%20AGN%20phases%20of%20black%20hole1.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1060\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"485\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjgQpI23AoWIb4KDlVHcnZPRiRyx4iiQY9sHAoue2AezvrSBG3roFxrGkmzhcQyRSX6cnBBQSnzyXy1X9-SrZ8aPh4vx56YehcyVG6mWtKno4psxRAPWi2G6eFkm2Lx23Q4mY1bnadiv8G_47u9KrOZlvsYtC8TM5rlVL8wniVNTyMWSGZdib9w5Vt8cjA\/w640-h485\/49%20Yuga%20Cycle%20and%20AGN%20phases%20of%20black%20hole1.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EThe different phases of the AGN cycle of the Milky Way can be mapped to \nthe Yuga Cycle of 25,800 years. Source: \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E by Bibhu Dev Misra\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is what I wrote in \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, regarding the activation of the central black hole (Sgr A*):\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“The AGN phase of Sgr A* could begin after the end of the Kali Yuga in 2025, sometime during the 1200-year period of Ekpyrosis. The AGN phase may continue for the entire 11,700 years of the ascending Yuga Cycle, till the end of the Golden Age. During this time, the nucleus of the Milky Way could become extraordinarily luminous and photoionize the entire galaxy.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003EThe increase in the intensity of “ionizing radiation” from Sgr A*, such as extreme UV, X-ray, and Gamma rays, could trigger beneficial genetic mutations that can progressively increase our cranial volume, height and lifespan during the ascending cycle. Ionizing radiation is very effective in killing bacteria and disease-causing microorganisms. This could be why the higher Yugas were said to be free of diseases. The photoionization of the earth’s atmosphere will also provide a positive boost to our mood and attitude. Many studies have shown that exposure to negative ions can alleviate depression, reduce stress, increase mental alertness and improve cognitive abilities.”\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EImagine my surprise, therefore, when I came across \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2025\/02\/19\/science\/milky-way-black-hole-flickers-webb?cid=ios_app\u0026amp;fbclid=IwY2xjawI2dH1leHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHVXzMIBhdSSmNpQlGonQ0wGnSEX9sTsswKtoi0aUC57smeEDjMUUDQmA-A_aem_6unHAcT-oJcHVawfytDttw\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ethis piece of news on CNN Science\u003C\/a\u003E which stated that, over the past one year, the black hole has been emitting blindingly bright flares of light on a daily basis, along with many shorter flashes. Here’s a small excerpt from the article.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope have spied dynamic flares of light near the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy. The constant, rapid-fire display includes seconds-long short flashes and longer, blindingly bright flares of light on a daily basis...A study describing the findings was published Tuesday in The Astrophysical Journal Letters...\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003EIn our data, we saw constantly changing, bubbling brightness,” said lead study author Farhad Yusef-Zadeh, a professor of physics and astronomy at Northwestern University’s Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, in a statement. “And then boom! A big burst of brightness suddenly popped up. Then, it calmed down again. We couldn’t find a pattern in this activity. It appears to be random. The activity profile of this black hole was new and exciting every time that we looked at it.”\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is a clear indication that the black hole has shifted to the “AGN phase” of its AGN Cycle. It’s still in the initial stages of the AGN phase, because of which it is emitting only visible light, but in course of time we can expect it to become considerably more active and emit intense radiation at all frequencies.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhUh_PbdjEz47luIHdqK8rbDhstKpnrPcZXI9HrTChebBmoslbLRxacyRtEsypfor-W9ajae5ZSmdQy0WnXCQ1ak5y2FkXuOTZWZ9iKGtbjR4xQwh1snDdPBHIxsRwBEftSvTANY3HAXKUSGlbB6XdvC2xpGxFttzU7zMGntNTuoZRL5IKodTa4dbdoQtI\/s1400\/AdobeStock_956346941%20black%20hole%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"785\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"358\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhUh_PbdjEz47luIHdqK8rbDhstKpnrPcZXI9HrTChebBmoslbLRxacyRtEsypfor-W9ajae5ZSmdQy0WnXCQ1ak5y2FkXuOTZWZ9iKGtbjR4xQwh1snDdPBHIxsRwBEftSvTANY3HAXKUSGlbB6XdvC2xpGxFttzU7zMGntNTuoZRL5IKodTa4dbdoQtI\/w640-h358\/AdobeStock_956346941%20black%20hole%20small.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EAn artists’ impression of the central black hole, surrounded by magnetic\n filaments glowing in the light emitted by the black hole. Source: Adobe\n Stock\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI was expecting that the activation of the black hole will happen sometime after 2025, but as it turns out, the shift had already happened in 2024. And now that I think back, it explains a lot of what was going on in 2024. Many people around the world were waking up from the stupor of the Kali Yuga, and started asking questions about what was really going on in the world. There was a definite uptick in psychic and intuitive abilities, and many people received premonitions of a big shift. The interest in our origins and the wisdom of our ancestors was picking up and the call for moving away from the drama and negativity of the outer world and aligning with inner spirit kept getting stronger.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI had anticipated that these types of changes in the collective consciousness will begin to manifest as we enter the transitional period on March 21, 2025. This is what I had written in \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“At the same time, the peculiar energies of this time period could set in motion a global movement to return to our roots, reclaim our past from academic misinterpretations and use the ancient wisdom teachings to chart our way to the future…In other words, even as the violence around the world escalates, more and more people will discard the decaying energies of the Kali Yuga, and try to align themselves with the subtle energies of the Yuga that is on the way. Even in the midst of an emerging totalitarian nightmare, a common planetary consciousness will begin to take root, which will be concerned with the welfare of all. While this process has already been underway for sometime, I think it will gain momentum after 2025.”\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe activation of the central black hole is a sure-shot indication that the spiritual ascension of humanity has already begun. The process is unstoppable now, and its effects will be felt everywhere in the coming years. Anything that is not in resonance with these divine vibrations of unity consciousness and love, truth and harmony, will collapse and fade away. All structures and ideologies based on the dense Kali Yuga energies of greed and lies, selfishness and hatred, will inevitably be disrupted and transformed. Brahma is opening his eyes, and a dramatic shift in our reality is underway.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWe must remember that as the old forms and power structures collapse – due to internal conflicts, financial issues, revolutions, wars or environmental catastrophes – it will cause chaos and suffering. I think of it as a “collective rehab” that we may need to go through, in order to wean us away from our addictions and material obsessions, so that we can find the wisdom and light, the joy and contentment, within us that can heal us and take us forward on our path.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMy belief is that the enhanced radiation from the black hole is also responsible to a large extent for the heating up of the earth’ core and mantle, which, in turn, is causing global temperatures to increase, wildfires to erupt more frequently, and the ongoing magma movement in the earth’s crust which is causing the seismic swarms. The warmer ocean waters are causing more powerful cyclones and flooding events.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt an esoteric level, what appears to be happening is that, the central black hole – which is the “primordial consciousness” that creates, organizes and transforms everything in our galaxy - is telling our planet that the time of darkness is over, a new dawn is approaching, and Mother Nature needs to get into action and get the house cleaning done, so that the “new humans” who are about break out of their shells can embark on a brand new adventure of self-discovery in the ascending Yuga Cycle.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EThe Asteroids “2024 YR4” and Apophis\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe asteroid “2024 YR4” created a global scare in late January, when astronomers announced that the space rock, having a diameter of roughly 180 feet, could impact the earth on December 22nd, 2032. At one point, the odds of a strike in 2032 were as high as about 3.1% and topped the world’s asteroid-risk lists.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESubsequent observations of the trajectory of the asteroid have ruled out the chance of a direct hit with the earth. However, the asteroid still has a chance 1.7% chance of impacting the Moon on December 22nd, 2032. If the lunar impact occurs, it could create an impact crater with a diameter of 500 to 2000 metres and release 340 times more energy than the Hiroshima bomb.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen it had been announced that “2024 YR4” has more than a 3% chance of hitting the earth in 2032, I had received a few messages from people who had read \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, since 2032 was one of the critical dates of the transition period that I had identified in my book.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAstronomers have calculated that, in 2032, the earth will pass through the dense center of the Taurid swarm, which contains a large number of closely packed comets and asteroids. My proposition is that, sometime prior to 2032, one or more dormant comets within this swarm could get reactivated as effulgent cometary bodies, and we might begin to see “new stars in the sky”. Comets do that a lot – they can suddenly change from a dormant to an active state, and vice versa.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhbSlXthwM2epLtDKEOS5E-6jzGN0i82DNUs4Op0zZS9VkEAKSMwS6z2kKnnYOUILUbEROabrCqRxoxxpU99ns0qREw6teSolS86j6hrK33gZ2sCtToWGnKXxiMox2VFjSXW9cNyWIEks_IzGCwGajgq3wPSSn1H1vLJFQY_PzEo7jT5NrUsdJeXpXxfJo\/s1000\/Taurid%20Resonant%20Swarm%20Source%20skyandtelescope%20Credit%20David%20Clark%20%20Univ%20of%20Western%20Ontario.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"565\" data-original-width=\"1000\" height=\"362\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhbSlXthwM2epLtDKEOS5E-6jzGN0i82DNUs4Op0zZS9VkEAKSMwS6z2kKnnYOUILUbEROabrCqRxoxxpU99ns0qREw6teSolS86j6hrK33gZ2sCtToWGnKXxiMox2VFjSXW9cNyWIEks_IzGCwGajgq3wPSSn1H1vLJFQY_PzEo7jT5NrUsdJeXpXxfJo\/w640-h362\/Taurid%20Resonant%20Swarm%20Source%20skyandtelescope%20Credit%20David%20Clark%20%20Univ%20of%20Western%20Ontario.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EThe Taurid Resonant Swarm within the Taurid meteor stream. Source: Sky \n\u0026amp; Telescope \/ David Clark, University of Western Ontario.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs a result, when we pass through this swarm in 2032, the intense energies of the comets might induce powerful psychological reactions within us, forcing us to engage in deep soul-searching and introspection, making us confront our sins, our deepest fears and our subconscious trauma. It could be a collective life-review of sorts, where every person on earth becomes aware of how he or she is not fulfilling the purpose of his or her incarnation.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere could also be some impact events during this passage in 2032, but my feeling, based on my reading of the ancient texts and prophecies is that, the impacts will be minimal and strategically directed to serve as a “warning” to humanity, telling us to change our materially focused, self-indulgent ways of life, and to align ourselves with the objective for which the earth was fashioned – to serve as a school for the progressive evolution of consciousness.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe activation of the comets within the Taurid swarm could be the event that the Hopi refer to as the appearance of the “Blue Star Kachina”, which will be the final sign heralding the end of the Fourth World. As per the “The Book of the Hopi” by Frank Waters, the prophecy states,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\"You will hear of a dwelling-house in the heavens, above the earth, that shall fall with a great crash. It will appear as a Blue Star. Very soon after this the ceremonies of my people will cease.\"\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is very likely that the “Blue Star” refers to a comet with a brilliant, bluish ion-tail, which will give off a thundering sonic boom when it enters the earth’s atmosphere. The ancient cultures referred to comets as “stars”, and the term comet itself originates from the Greek word “kometes” which means “hairy star”.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiqg0rjheVqErtbh-6lT5qGgIZfuXOjDKkQuaWhi_qfihLVUC4NwSSx3gnm4YUpJSkxpbRNkYHTMm4d26yeF2OHHkva-C8ZJ2d52kdGvjDrbRx44hYMhWE_m9yk6SFfn0eHBhl-faXKZVUfMdN-UGP5C4J27RsNd80PpiE_LhtVLKdrVwwodeJhbTIoDRE\/s1080\/51%20Comet_Hale-Bopp_Wikimedia%20CC%20BY%20SA3.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"923\" data-original-width=\"1080\" height=\"341\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiqg0rjheVqErtbh-6lT5qGgIZfuXOjDKkQuaWhi_qfihLVUC4NwSSx3gnm4YUpJSkxpbRNkYHTMm4d26yeF2OHHkva-C8ZJ2d52kdGvjDrbRx44hYMhWE_m9yk6SFfn0eHBhl-faXKZVUfMdN-UGP5C4J27RsNd80PpiE_LhtVLKdrVwwodeJhbTIoDRE\/w400-h341\/51%20Comet_Hale-Bopp_Wikimedia%20CC%20BY%20SA3.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EComet Hale-Bopp, April 1997, had a brilliant blue ion tail. Credit: E. \nKolmhofer, H. Raab; Johannes-Kepler-Observatory, Linz, Austria; CC BY-SA\n 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDr. Robert Ghost Wolf in the book “LAST CRY: Native American Prophecies \u0026amp; Tales of the End Times”, gave more details of the Blue Star Kachina.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“The Blue Star Kachina would physically appear in our heavens which would mean that we were in the end times...The return of the Blue Star Kachina who is also known as Nan ga sohu will be the alarm clock that tells us of the new day and new way of life, a new world that is coming. This is where the changes will begin. They will start as fires that burn within us, and we will burn up with desires and conflict if we do not remember the original teachings, and return to the peaceful way of life…”\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is why, when I had heard about the discovery of the asteroid “2024 YR4”, I wasn’t particularly interested or shocked, because from my perspective the encounter with the Taurid swarm of comets in 2032 is likely to be the critical event that the prophecies are talking about.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, the discovery of asteroid “2024 YR4” served an important purpose in the sense that, it brought the 2032 date into the public consciousness. It’s telling us that this is an important date we need to pay attention to. Effectively, “2024 YR4” is serving as a celestial clock, making us aware of the significance of the year 2032 in the unraveling of the Kali Yuga.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnother asteroid, which seems to be functioning as a celestial clock, is Apophis, which is estimated to be around 335 meters across. Apophis will make a close flyby to the earth in the years 2029 and 2036. When Apophis was discovered in 2004, it quickly gained notoriety as an asteroid that could impact us in 2029 and 2036, but subsequent observations have ruled out that possibility.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEven then, Apophis will get uncomfortably close to the earth in 2029. On April 13, 2029, Apophis will pass less than 20,000 miles (32,000 kilometers) from our planet’s surface – closer than the distance of geosynchronous satellites – and will be visible to the naked eye.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEven though we will be spared from a direct collision with Apophis, it is an important portent of the coming changes. The time difference between the two close flybys of Apophis in April 2029 and March, 2036 is seven years. This tells me that Apophis could be a celestial clock marking out the “seven-year period of tribulation” mentioned in the Biblical prophecies about the end-times.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELet me explain why I think so. In June-July 2036, the earth will pass through the absolute center of the dense “Taurid swarm”, which could be the critical event that will pull down the curtains on the Kali Yuga. I have talked about this at length in my book, and I shall not get into it now, other than to point out that, in a number of readings, Edgar Cayce had said that that return of the Messiah will take place in ’36, when “His star will appear”. The year ’36 very likely refers to 2036, for there is no reason why Cayce would have prophesied the return of the Savior in 1936, when he had, in fact, made a number of stunningly accurate predictions about the Second World War that followed soon afterwards. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMoreover Cayce’s descriptions of the events that will accompany the return of the Messiah are strikingly reminiscent of a cometary apocalypse. Cayce said that the earth changes in 2036 will be initiated by “outside forces”, which will “disturb the equilibrium of the earth itself in space”, and, as a result, “the sun will be darkened and the earth shall be broken up in diverse places”.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf the return of the Messiah or Avatar and the “Day of Purification” is in 2036, then the seven-year period of tribulation should begin in 2029. And, almost in confirmation of this, the asteroid Apophis is going to make two close flybys in 2029 and 2036, effectively serving as a celestial clock marking out the prophetic times.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, I had identified the 15-year period from 2025 to 2040 as being the time of intense transformation changes that will propel us to the ascending arc of the Yuga Cycle. But now it seems to me that, within that 15-year window, the 7-year period from 2029 to 2036 could be the time when we experience some of the most powerful transformative events.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIncidentally, as per the WEF vision, 2030 is the year by which the Great Reset needs to be implemented, when a global government will call the shots, and “individuals will own nothing and be happy.”\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe year 2029 \/ 2030 is also the time when the EU is planning for a direct military confrontation with Russia, along with possibly China and Iran. This is evident from the volatile rhetoric made by the leaders of various European nations last year. The new head of the British army, Gen Sir Roland Walker, said that, Britain must be ready to fight a war in three years i.e. by 2027, and he counted Russia, China and Iran as the greatest threats. The German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius said, “We must be ready for war by 2029,” citing potential Russian aggression as the reason. Sweden issued a statement in August saying that, Russia poses the most serious threat to the Nordic country’s security until 2030, while the newly appointed EU Commissioner for Defense and Space, Andrius Kubilius, said that, “We must be ready to meet Russia militarily in six to eight years,” and followed it up with a dose of Kali Yuga wisdom, “If you want peace, prepare for war.”\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESo, the cosmic timelines for the \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E are overlapping with the timeline envisaged by the elites for a global government and the complete enslavement of humanity. Coincidence? I don’t think so. There is, quite obviously, a higher cosmic intelligence which is secretly orchestrating the whole drama that is now unfolding.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFrom my perspective, therefore, the asteroids Apophis and “2024 YR4” are messages sent to us from the universe to make us aware of the importance of the dates 2029, 2032 and 2036 during the period of transition after the Kali Yuga ends. The fact that the asteroid “2024 YR4” came into public focus in the year 2025 is no coincidence either. As the Kali Yuga winds down, we need to become aware of what lies ahead. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EThe Geopolitical Shifts\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMy expectation was that, as we approach March 21st 2025, and enter the period of transition, the dense energies of the Kali Yuga begin to slowly dissipate. As a result, the tyrants will begin to lose some of their powers, lies and corruption will get exposed, skeletons will tumble out of closets, disclosures will come thick and fast, and many ignored and maligned truths will bubble to the surface. This process of churn and chaos will create more polarization in the world, and the increased desperation of the elites can lead to the outbreak of more wars and violence in the world. This is what I had written in \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, concerning this period:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“As the Kali Yuga energies will be on wane after 2025, the tyrants and dictators, who control the affairs of the world, may begin to find that their evil plans are no longer coming to fruition as easily as before. Their lies will get exposed, their propaganda will no longer be as effective, and their wicked schemes for gaining more profit and control will get disrupted. They may face increasing opposition from people around the world, who will begin to stand up for themselves and demand an end to the deceptions, injustices, exploitation of resources, instigated revolutions and false flag terror attacks. Humanity may become more polarized than ever before, leading to greater social and economic instability, and taking us closer to the next World War.”\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe geopolitical shifts over the past few months have been pretty intense, and quite a lot of it has been along the lines I had anticipated, although I had never expected things to move so fast and in this manner. We have definitely seen some deeply entrenched power systems lose some of their clout, many lies and deceptions perpetrated at the highest level against the whole of humanity are coming out into the open, many countries are shaking off the yoke of colonial oppression, the fault lines between nations are getting more distinct, and the warmongering instincts of many leaders, countries and coalitions are being revealed for all to see. At the same time, new war fronts are opening up in the Middle-east, and it won’t be surprising if more battles break out in future to secure the profits of the military-industrial complex.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere seems to be an almost unreal zeal right now in the Western world for going ahead with AI technologies, digital currencies, and nanotech-based mRNA vaccines, and it is no secret that the current aggressive rhetoric for acquiring land and mineral resources is for the purpose of supporting these new ventures. No points for guessing where all of this could eventually lead – an AI regulated “beast system” where people are chipped and injected with nanosensors for monitoring and influencing their thoughts and physiology on a real-time basis, thereby taking us farther and farther away from our connection to our inner divinity, to community, to nature and to the cosmic consciousness. That’s the Kali Yuga end game.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYou might think, “who is going to buy into that dystopian vision?”, but make no mistake, the powers-that-be are the wizards of deception, and they are likely to use the full force of their propaganda machinery to weave a compelling story – by using a combination of fear, coercion, financial inducements and utopian ideas – so that most people will feel an irresistible urge to queue up in lines to obey their diktat, and turn against those who don’t. We have seen that happen before, haven’t we?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn other words, there could be a time in the near future, possible around 2029 or 2030, when every person will have to make a choice – does he go with the technology-dominated dystopian world of surveillance and control, which will be promoted as a “Golden Age”, or does he align with his inner spirit and the sacred wisdom of his ancestors, and trust the natural laws that bring about the gradual unfolding of consciousness and our spiritual abilities in the ascending cycle?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWe must choose wisely if and when that moment comes, for it will be the most important choice that we will be making in this incarnation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESometimes, people ask me, “Why can’t advanced technology like AI lead us to a Golden Age?” and I find that suggestion hilarious. Really? Is there any technology out there which can clear our mind of egoic dross, make us give up our bad habits, dissolve our anger and hatred, heal our trauma and unresolved karma, take the mind away from the pursuit of greed and lust, stop us from lying, cheating, insulting and oppressing others, and take us closer to our inner spirit so that we may radiate the love and compassion, truth and wisdom, bliss and harmony of our inner world?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI don’t think so, and never will there be any such technology. It was not a lack of technology that got us into the descending Yuga Cycle and it will not be the invention of any new gadgets that will take us on the ascending curve. It will be the inner work that each one of us does, aided, of course, by the divine light of the central black hole, that will take us to the next Golden Age. We are entering into a period when spirit will triumph over matter in all its manifestations. Every person who retains sovereignty over his consciousness, remains true to his higher Self, and manifests his soul purpose, will make the world a better place and help to usher in the conditions for a utopian society to emerge.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd so, we finally arrive at the end of the Kali Yuga in a couple of days. This time around, the spring equinox will be on March 20 at 9:01 am GMT and 5:01 am EDT.\u0026nbsp; In India, the equinox will occur precisely at 2:31 pm on March 20, and even later in the day at 8:01 pm for people who live in Australia. Thus, the Kali Yuga will end on March 20th, and the ascending Yuga Cycle, of which the first 1200 years is Ekpyrosis, will begin on the next day i.e. March 21st, sunrise.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI had never thought that anything special will occur on the vernal equinox date, since this is just a calendar date, and the transition between the ages occurs gradually over many years, just as the transition between the seasons occur gradually over many days. The events of the past few months have made it quite clear that the Yuga Shift has already commenced. You can literally feel the energies shifting right now, and see the changes manifesting all around you at an unnerving speed. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhat amazed me the most was the discovery that the central black hole has already switched to its AGN phase. This was an assurance that the ascension train will not stop and stutter anymore, and will continue to move relentlessly in an upward trajectory over the next 12000 years, taking us to the pinnacle of human consciousness and abilities, and manifest a virtual utopia on earth. Nothing can derail this process, no power on earth can stop it. So hop on guys, and let go of any worries. Tickets are not required on this journey, all that is needed is an open heart to welcome the new energies and a willingness to manifest your soul potential.\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/6670759207454871005\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2025\/03\/four-signs-that-yuga-shift-is-already.html#comment-form","title":"62 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/6670759207454871005"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/6670759207454871005"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2025\/03\/four-signs-that-yuga-shift-is-already.html","title":"Four Signs that the Yuga Shift is already underway"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgnpHzJWde2vMpVrR4TOUHUX4mURKsTUBJzxm8xfbgUDsUUvUBEWd9kDu2HJrd4LrYocKQlGWsFuyWHARi1OkZqX3z1tLyi89t1IOfogIB4UagbtR8kZBZbjs1hkRduLnVgsCR5XT_vXL9NbqMsPg-dVen0UwNc0ozW4KOrjWUvsiwVx6GsrGpgLAfqzaA\/s72-c\/AdobeStock_956346941%20black%20hole%20thumbnail.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"62"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-525923549163224889"},"published":{"$t":"2025-02-25T22:28:00.006+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2025-08-02T12:44:33.541+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"26-Million-Year Cycle of Mass Extinctions \u0026 the Day and Night of Brahma"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgixJrmtmZbLY0U7a1J8U32vU538EHA1eCZdP7MNqxDV7RTrLWPDN2h2_ir3GnJLGPGMmKKxTY5K4k1UphWyfAfW2virVUKH0tcIAQVP7wfmKtPoGJ6KRoU3nVLnpCFR-Dq3pRJrfNWS2ci3jc5y3C1P86sJ-HshUiKRam_g9bMIjOfQFtLyCNC499xBJM\/s700\/Mass%20Extinction%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"377\" data-original-width=\"700\" height=\"172\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgixJrmtmZbLY0U7a1J8U32vU538EHA1eCZdP7MNqxDV7RTrLWPDN2h2_ir3GnJLGPGMmKKxTY5K4k1UphWyfAfW2virVUKH0tcIAQVP7wfmKtPoGJ6KRoU3nVLnpCFR-Dq3pRJrfNWS2ci3jc5y3C1P86sJ-HshUiKRam_g9bMIjOfQFtLyCNC499xBJM\/s320\/Mass%20Extinction%20small.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003ENote: This is an updated version of an earlier article that I had written about the connection between the Day and Night of Brahma and the cycle of mass extinctions.\u003C\/i\u003E \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe idea that human civilization has been gradually evolving over time in a linear manner, is a relatively new concept that was formulated during the period of colonization. Nearly every ancient culture believed otherwise. They said that time moves in cycles, smaller and larger, and that our civilization has gone though innumerable ups and downs over eons.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith the emergence of new scientific data, it is becoming increasingly obvious that the ancients knew what they were talking about, and we have been far too quick to denounce the collective wisdom of our ancestors as the flights of fancy of primitives.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe concept of the Yuga Cycle or the Great Year was known to most ancient cultures, and, as per this framework, we have devolved from an erstwhile Golden Age of illumination, harmony and abundance to the current age of greed and lies, discord and scarcity.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe fundamental factor that differentiates a higher age from a lower one is the state of man’s consciousness. In a Golden Age, consciousness is so elevated and purified, that we can easily comprehend the mysteries of creation, and of our place in the wider scheme of things, and, thus, we are able to lead long lives in a state of joy, balance and harmony. Since the environment reflects our state of consciousness, there is fertility and abundance in the higher ages, and a lack of diseases and natural disasters.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut as we devolve along the descending arc of the Yuga Cycle or Great Year, we move from soul consciousness to ego consciousness, accompanied by a degradation in our physical size and the external environment, which gradually leads to a burgeoning of violence, misery and discontent in society.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhat is really striking is that, all of these claims are now being borne out by scientific findings from different disciplines. It turns out that, over the past 12,000 years of the descending arc of the Yuga Cycle, humans have shrunk in size by at least 10%, along with a corresponding decline in bone strength and athleticism. This has been accompanied by a 10% to 17% reduction in our cranial volume over the same period, which has not only diminished the average intellect, but reduced our memory and atrophied our sense of judgment and morality, along with a host of subtle mental abilities such as foresight, telepathy etc.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd to add to these surprising statistics, it turns out that, towards the end of the last Ice Age, there was no food scarcity or diseases, but as time went on, food sources became scarce, many kinds of diseases became endemic, and incidences of violent deaths increased substantially.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEverything that the ancients said about the Yuga Cycle or Great Year is now turning out to be facts, but why aren’t these statistics being discussed on mainstream media outlets? It’s because they run counter to the Darwinian myth of gradual evolution by natural selection that has been literally shoved down our throats and turned into an incontrovertible dogma.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EVery few scientists, academics or media channels will dare to question Darwinism, for fear of getting ridiculed, denied funds or promotions, or even hounded out of their profession. Do not question the science, is the current science. This, unfortunately, is the insidious manner in which things work in the Kali Yuga, darkest age of human history.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn my book, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, I have presented what I believe is the original Yuga Cycle framework. It is of the same duration as the precessional cycle of the earth i.e. 25,800 years, and comprises an ascending cycle of consciousness and a descending cycle of consciousness, which are separated by two extended periods of transition that the Greeks called Kataklysmos (meaning “Deluge”) or the “great winter” of the Great Year, and Ekpyrosis (meaning “Conflagration”) or the “great summer” of the Great Year. It is the period of Ekpyrosis that we are heading towards, as the Kali Yuga and the entire descending cycle of consciousness comes to an end in 2025.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiaSSdDSSMrcPvdicDh7Qg3W01jW7wwAgraCke1gqqRb1k8ZSOkPnSfa94nB2yDbh7NjRJ3ivy8COHnO9JgTUnDdZB7XNzeS8Fin-CdyuF7MpAS5O34PGG7fqa0EB-l9uKJbplr457Cc3uLj6Gu0Tww27_OCJzXBXZ06hBKTSBuV_tFZ7E6BuWPdHDZX0Q\/s1400\/39%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years2.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The 25,800-year Yuga Cycle\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1135\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"518\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiaSSdDSSMrcPvdicDh7Qg3W01jW7wwAgraCke1gqqRb1k8ZSOkPnSfa94nB2yDbh7NjRJ3ivy8COHnO9JgTUnDdZB7XNzeS8Fin-CdyuF7MpAS5O34PGG7fqa0EB-l9uKJbplr457Cc3uLj6Gu0Tww27_OCJzXBXZ06hBKTSBuV_tFZ7E6BuWPdHDZX0Q\/w640-h518\/39%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years2.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EThe 25,800-year Yuga Cycle. The ascending and descending \ncycles are separated by two extended periods of transition, called \nKataklysmos and Ekpyrosis. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EA Day and Night of Brahma\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne of the thoughts that come to mind when we think about the Yuga Cycle or the Cycle of the Ages is that, does it continue indefinitely, without any beginning or end, or is it part of an even larger cycle of time?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs per the ancient Vedic texts, there is an even longer cycle of time called the “Day and Night of Brahma”, which extends for a whopping 25.8 million years! It consists of a “Day of Brahma” which extends for a thousand Yuga half-cycles of 12,900 years each, adding up to 12.9 million years. A “Day of Brahma” is followed by a “Night of Brahma” of equal duration. This cycle has been described in a number of Sanskrit texts.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs per the \u003Ci\u003EVishnu Purana\u003C\/i\u003E, at the beginning of a “Day of Brahma”, the world is created from unmanifested matter by Brahma, who is the pure, eternal, formless, consciousness, seated at the navel of the world. At the end of a “Day of Brahma”, the entire creation is destroyed and turns into a mighty, formless ocean. This is followed by a “Night of Brahma” when no life forms exist. The creative process begins once again at the beginning of the next “Day of Brahma”.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“At the end of this day (i.e. “Day of Brahma”) a dissolution of the universe occurs, when all the three worlds, earth, and the regions of space, are consumed with fire…When the-three worlds are but one mighty ocean, Brahma…satiate with the demolition of the universe, sleeps upon his serpent-bed…for a night of equal duration with his day (i.e. Night of Brahma); at the close of which he creates anew.”[1]\u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the \u003Ci\u003EBhagavad Gita\u003C\/i\u003E, Lord Krishna provides a specific value for the duration of the “Day and Night of Brahma”. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“Those who understand the cosmic laws know that the Day of Brahma ends after a thousand Yugas and the Night of Brahma ends after a thousand Yugas. When the Day of Brahma dawns, forms are brought forth from the Unmanifest; when the Night of Brahma comes, these forms merge in the Formless again. This multitude of beings is created and destroyed again and again in the succeeding days and nights of Brahma.”[2]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt should be remembered here that, when the Sanskrit texts talk of the Yuga Cycle, they mean the Yuga half-cycle, which goes from Satya Yuga -\u0026gt; Treta Yuga -\u0026gt; Dwapara Yuga -\u0026gt; Kali Yuga, including the periods of transition between them.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA 1000 Yuga half-cycles is equivalent to 500 complete Yuga Cycles of 25,800 years each, which works out to 12.9 million years.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjtcXb5M9QJc0cE_sosnSCA4jt7btB9Ls6N-RV7Pv7iq9e7C6zHVGE55sM2HapyUO4H3e3fZnP0DwGcJdq_aORSWY_uViAXr41dSUHvWWBY4UTmdk6WMd8f8YuxR8a1eHq8bAFNI-YfU8FriHVsLfIktiy3qoqCyD6AuHDfVe7jIdvSONsdczR4mon7uAI\/s1400\/Day%20and%20Night%20of%20Brahma1.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"A Day and Night of Brahma of 25.8 million years duration\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1198\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"548\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjtcXb5M9QJc0cE_sosnSCA4jt7btB9Ls6N-RV7Pv7iq9e7C6zHVGE55sM2HapyUO4H3e3fZnP0DwGcJdq_aORSWY_uViAXr41dSUHvWWBY4UTmdk6WMd8f8YuxR8a1eHq8bAFNI-YfU8FriHVsLfIktiy3qoqCyD6AuHDfVe7jIdvSONsdczR4mon7uAI\/w640-h548\/Day%20and%20Night%20of%20Brahma1.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EA “Day and Night of Brahma” spans 25.8 million years, and \nconsists of a “Day of Brahma” of 12.9 million years and a “Night of \nBrahma” of equal duration. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA “Day of Brahma”, therefore, extends for 12.9 million years, during which time we experience a long sequence of 500 complete Yuga Cycles or 1000 Yuga half-cycles, and the earth is bustling with life and civilization. It is followed by a “Night of Brahma” of an equal duration of 12.9 million years, when all life is snuffed out, and the entire world exits as a giant, formless, lifeless ocean.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThus, the “Day and Night of Brahma” is a grand cosmic cycle of creation and dissolution spanning over of 25.8 million years. It is easy to see that the time period between two successive dissolution events in this cycle is 25.8 million years, which can be rounded off to 26 million years.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENow, if a dissolution of life on a cosmic scale occurs every 26 million years, shouldn’t this fact be reflected in the fossil records of our planet?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAmazingly enough, this is exactly what has been indicated by recent paleontological evidence: \u003Cb\u003Eevery 26 million years there is a mass extinction of species on the earth!\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EThe Mass Extinction Events\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAround 67 million years ago, the earth looked like a very different place. Enormous dinosaurs stalked the landscape, while massive avian reptiles patrolled the skies. But, then, something catastrophic happened, which changed things almost overnight. Nearly 66 million years ago the earth went through a period a rapid death, called a mass extinction, when more than 75% of all animal and plant species became extinct. Scientists now have evidence that the die-off was caused when an asteroid, about 10 kilometers in diameter, struck the earth at a speed of about 20 km\/sec and created the 200-km wide Chicxulub Crater in southeastern Mexico, releasing a billion times more energy than the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg6nacDAEIPvxc1qZ59QTPEmhCUh5sxJRp8HeSR1y639d3WnRkAig5Iw2r_7Mj217NdDL8Te3pd3Y2pN11YKlJD-UEEvBOwYOidOVgwc9JeUty4J6t2Q8CkusMXswnKS3byKfSqceGNmgnw0MB5q9unSC9K8p5jMCJRV7E4TJisgytCgAe5ZeCiarW1TMI\/s1400\/Dinosaur%20Extinction%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"785\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"358\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg6nacDAEIPvxc1qZ59QTPEmhCUh5sxJRp8HeSR1y639d3WnRkAig5Iw2r_7Mj217NdDL8Te3pd3Y2pN11YKlJD-UEEvBOwYOidOVgwc9JeUty4J6t2Q8CkusMXswnKS3byKfSqceGNmgnw0MB5q9unSC9K8p5jMCJRV7E4TJisgytCgAe5ZeCiarW1TMI\/w640-h358\/Dinosaur%20Extinction%20small.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EThe extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by an asteroid \nimpact at the K-T boundary, nearly 66 million years ago. Source: Adobe \nStock.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe impact generated hot winds and shock waves, and ejected a gigantic jet of molten material, several times hotter than the surface of the sun, which set fire to everything within a thousand miles. Measurements of the layer of ash and soot that eventually coated the Earth indicate that fires consumed about seventy per cent of the world’s forests. The collision triggered powerful earthquakes and spawned mega tsunamis, hundreds of feet tall. A model of the impact event developed by scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory revealed that,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“The dust and soot from the impact and the conflagrations prevented all sunlight from reaching the planet’s surface for months. Photosynthesis all but stopped, killing most of the plant life... After the fires died down, Earth plunged into a period of cold, perhaps even a deep freeze. Earth’s two essential food chains, in the sea and on land, collapsed. About seventy-five per cent of all species went extinct. \u003Ci\u003EMore than 99.9999 per cent of all living organisms on Earth died, and the carbon cycle came to a halt\u003C\/i\u003E.”[3]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiGwd04vFO3RXYgrk66js8zEJU5-LQnLRu4ECvVGjvg0vXQTUhA-65IwE148XyN6X8MkEi5GSYgsxsEZnFllfllpr7D8lR5iR-i-mUIyrafrwdjGfmlK3HNNzaOLyxw2S7g6Qj0SLmZoV7UJfUd-mvawRIA3K1HjuTBuZUeNZ0rI3-KN2acstquj87TyWA\/s1200\/asteroid%20impact%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"800\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiGwd04vFO3RXYgrk66js8zEJU5-LQnLRu4ECvVGjvg0vXQTUhA-65IwE148XyN6X8MkEi5GSYgsxsEZnFllfllpr7D8lR5iR-i-mUIyrafrwdjGfmlK3HNNzaOLyxw2S7g6Qj0SLmZoV7UJfUd-mvawRIA3K1HjuTBuZUeNZ0rI3-KN2acstquj87TyWA\/w640-h426\/asteroid%20impact%20small.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EThe asteroid impact at the K-T boundary released a billion \ntimes more energy than the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima. Source: \nAdobe Stock.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is to be noted here that the impact event at the K-T boundary effectively killed off all the living organisms on our planet, even though the species die-off is estimated at roughly 75%. This is because some of the species that existed at that time, re-appeared in the fossil records at a later date, and therefore, is not considered to have gone extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe fiery cataclysm that led to the extinction of the dinosaurs’ is in perfect alignment with the description of the dissolution event that occurs at the end of a “Day of Brahma”, when all life forms on the earth are destroyed, and, as the \u003Ci\u003EVishnu Purana\u003C\/i\u003E states, “all the three worlds, earth, and the regions of space, are consumed with fire”.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEvidently, the ancient Vedic sages knew a thing or two about the true history of our planet!\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMoreover, this is not the only mass extinction event that had occurred on our planet in the past. There are many more, and, quite surprisingly, they occur in a cyclical manner every 26 million years!\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1984, paleontologists David Raup and Jack Sepkoski of the University of Chicago identified a 26-million-year periodicity in extinction rates over the past 250 million years.[4] As part of a broad study of the distribution of marine life through geologic time, Sepkoski had prepared a listing of about a quarter of a million species of sea-dwelling creatures, both extinct and current, noting the point in time where they appeared and became extinct. The study was confined to marine organisms since the chances of finding fossils are much higher under the sea. The oceans are areas of net sedimentation, whereas land is an area of net erosion.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDavid Raup, a senior colleague at the University of Chicago, suggested to Sepkoski that he examine the list for any evidence of a pattern in the timing of the mass extinctions. Sepkoski decided to concentrate on the last 250 million years of geologic time and throw out animals whose exact timing of appearance and disappearance were debated. He was left with about 500 of his original 3,500 marine families (250,000 species).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESepkoski put the data through a computer program and was surprised to find that life forms on Earth disappeared in great numbers every 26 million years. Both of them checked for errors and confirmed the pattern; life seemed to disappear drastically exactly every 26 million years. In their seminal paper, Raup and Sepkoski wrote:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“The temporal distribution of the major extinctions over the past 250 million years has been investigated statistically using various forms of time series analysis. The analyzed record is based on variation in extinction intensity for fossil families of marine vertebrates, invertebrates, and protozoans, and contains 12 extinction events. The 12 events show a statistically significant periodicity (P \u0026lt;0.01) with a mean interval between events of 26 million years. Two of the events coincide with extinctions that have been previously linked to meteorite impacts (terminal Cretaceous and late Eocene). Although the causes of the periodicity are unknown, it is possible that they are related to extraterrestrial forces (solar, solar system, or galactic.)”\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgmxzrPqB84Qm7zhgpSnbRjmr82fDLCDsDksikjti0lKFklPqq2sv872BjecvnuCYg0AWfZTJdcbHEYnDcOWPQJ7SFaPczGZqJD9M2-O-TDAmh9-oLII4mpiIvXYuBg0bGYtHPTROD7Q7BrV5anKKnyVw87b7zIE5EAH8CQ2Q58A72p2agHxvxFlSvl2pc\/s1400\/Raup%20Sepkoski%20mass%20extinction%20model%201.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The 26 million year mass extinction cycle\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"960\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgmxzrPqB84Qm7zhgpSnbRjmr82fDLCDsDksikjti0lKFklPqq2sv872BjecvnuCYg0AWfZTJdcbHEYnDcOWPQJ7SFaPczGZqJD9M2-O-TDAmh9-oLII4mpiIvXYuBg0bGYtHPTROD7Q7BrV5anKKnyVw87b7zIE5EAH8CQ2Q58A72p2agHxvxFlSvl2pc\/w640-h438\/Raup%20Sepkoski%20mass%20extinction%20model%201.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EThe mass extinction data of the past 250 Myr shows that the \nextinction rate peaks every 26 million years. Source: Raup and Sepkoski \n(1984)\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe mass extinction events are not selective at all, in the way Darwin had proposed. As per Darwinism, the evolutionary process is gradual, and life forms evolve slowly through a process of natural selection, in which the inferior life forms are eliminated since they are less suited in the struggle for existence. However, in case of a mass extinction, there is no way of knowing beforehand which species will survive the extinction event and which will die out. The process is entirely random.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a paper titled, “The Role of Extinction in Evolution” (1982), David Raup wrote,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“The largest mass extinctions produce major restructuring of the biosphere wherein some successful groups are eliminated, allowing previously minor groups to expand and diversify…There is little evidence that extinction is selective in the positive sense argued by Darwin. It has generally been impossible to predict, before the fact, which species will be victims of an extinction event.”[5]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe 26-million-year extinction cycle has, since then, been validated by a number of independent studies. In 2010, Adrian Melott and Richard Bambach identified a 27 Myr periodicity in the extinction data, extending over the past 500 million years. They wrote,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“We examined periodicities in extinction over the last 500 million years, and concluded that a signal detected by Raup \u0026amp; Sepkoski (1984) was present in better resolved, more extensive current data, over a longer time period than they had originally claimed, and at a higher level of significance. The claimed period grew from 26 to 27 Myr, and is also now observed to extend over the entire 500 million years interval rather than just the last 250 million years, due to revisions in the geological timescale since the 1980s.”[6]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EMass Extinctions and Impact Craters\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt has become quite obvious over time that the primary triggers for the mass extinctions are impact events. In 1980, the father-son duo of the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Luis Alvarez and his son, the geologist Walter Alvarez, had inferred that the sudden extinction of dinosaurs at the K-T (Cretaceous–Tertiary) boundary, nearly 66 million years ago, was due to the impact of a large asteroid or comet.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhb0um97zicthe7X7fzKukmXmJB1wcIgP6dgxHp8G53jgXz91TGFPgxizWAjRtAv2igKrYWEHGJuQAEBZLLDZuDdx5BVheVxfpUbr4IpWThHSEnHg8b6WkfJI18y5afVNasI1vUseu53_d9y69HRudp0oxqtpBkZJm5a5lFQYpduvyvHAmBjX-viLt_fN4\/s1800\/Mass%20Extinction%20featured.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"970\" data-original-width=\"1800\" height=\"344\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhb0um97zicthe7X7fzKukmXmJB1wcIgP6dgxHp8G53jgXz91TGFPgxizWAjRtAv2igKrYWEHGJuQAEBZLLDZuDdx5BVheVxfpUbr4IpWThHSEnHg8b6WkfJI18y5afVNasI1vUseu53_d9y69HRudp0oxqtpBkZJm5a5lFQYpduvyvHAmBjX-viLt_fN4\/w640-h344\/Mass%20Extinction%20featured.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELuis and Walter Alvarez had noticed that sedimentary layers all over the world at the K-T boundary contain a concentration of iridium many times greater than normal. Iridium is extremely rare in the earth's crust but is abundant in chondritic meteorites and asteroids. Moreover, the isotopic ratio of iridium in asteroids is similar to that seen in the K–T boundary layer.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBased on this, the Alvarez team suggested that the iridium spike at the K-T boundary was of extraterrestrial origin and had settled out of a global dust cloud triggered by the impact of an asteroid, at least 10 km in diameter. While Alvarez’s theory was initially rejected by most paleontologists, the subsequent discovery and dating of the Chicxulub Crater in Mexico validated their findings and silenced the dissenters.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESince then, other scientists have found that the estimated ages of a number of impact craters coincide with the mass extinction events.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the mid-1980s, cratering specialist Richard Grieve ran his list of well-dated impact craters through the computer at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, and identified a crater periodicity of nearly 30 million years. Around the same time, Walter Alvarez and Richard Muller at UC Berkeley identified a 28 million-year cycle using a somewhat different set of craters.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjLJFVxiICxnRVP2uplypzb-w-IeZcu3OK-Wf0Wolg_VMBeAOFa6ApQcoD6jo1QtDNDoCJyINaTanABMGrCGzo0LopJbjMoCuWx87nlQbWAIBYrkjM3eh8dGtb5YDTuDVfCE8sultQRdPrqObKqJEemUmRM9ne4O76zPwCCMFqvcPyzYZDg4agr4l6a-Dk\/s1400\/Aerial%20Photograph%20of%20the%20Barringer%20Meteor%20Crater%20in%20Arizona,%20USA,%20LarryBloom%20CC%20BY%203%20edit.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"883\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"404\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjLJFVxiICxnRVP2uplypzb-w-IeZcu3OK-Wf0Wolg_VMBeAOFa6ApQcoD6jo1QtDNDoCJyINaTanABMGrCGzo0LopJbjMoCuWx87nlQbWAIBYrkjM3eh8dGtb5YDTuDVfCE8sultQRdPrqObKqJEemUmRM9ne4O76zPwCCMFqvcPyzYZDg4agr4l6a-Dk\/w640-h404\/Aerial%20Photograph%20of%20the%20Barringer%20Meteor%20Crater%20in%20Arizona,%20USA,%20LarryBloom%20CC%20BY%203%20edit.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EAn aerial photograph of the Barringer Meteor Crater in \nArizona, USA, which was created about 50,000 years ago. Credit: \nLarryBloom, CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 2015, Michael Rampino and his student Ken Caldeira studied more impact craters with improved crater-age data, and “found that craters and extinctions both seem to occur with the same 26 million-year cycle”.[7] Crater formation rate peaks close to the time of an extinction event, and some of the largest impact craters were formed during an extinction event.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EClearly, the 26 million-year extinction cycle is a significant geological signal, which some scientists call the “geological heartbeat” of our planet.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is nothing short of astonishing that, such precise information about the 26-million-year mass extinction cycle has been specified in the Vedic texts. Of course, a couple of questions still need to be clarified.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Vedic doctrine claims that the earth remains entirely devoid of all life forms for the entire 12.9-million-year duration of the “Night of Brahma” that follows the extinction event. Do have any scientific evidence in support of this? As it turns out, there is. And more studies are arriving at the same conclusion.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhfZljmASxxjMIr0MgqABnqV3iqanFYmm1emVQLjpS-m43Ia6jsaMiAOrF_EFhR0fCmxlAngWdcEsjeEydLPDNqzqRru3cp24JoyFcLyQrT6haA0GtzhXjCTBAPU6OXQ00Sq3chLTs46nZdP0EN3UkW1NdegCzhyphenhyphenDM1CPbo96lvzFcxxi2FqeZNo_KC3BM\/s1407\/Day%20and%20Night%20of%20Brahma.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"A Day and Night of Brahma\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"819\" data-original-width=\"1407\" height=\"372\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhfZljmASxxjMIr0MgqABnqV3iqanFYmm1emVQLjpS-m43Ia6jsaMiAOrF_EFhR0fCmxlAngWdcEsjeEydLPDNqzqRru3cp24JoyFcLyQrT6haA0GtzhXjCTBAPU6OXQ00Sq3chLTs46nZdP0EN3UkW1NdegCzhyphenhyphenDM1CPbo96lvzFcxxi2FqeZNo_KC3BM\/w640-h372\/Day%20and%20Night%20of%20Brahma.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EThe mass extinction event and rapid speciation event occurring\n in a “Day and Night of Brahma”, as per the Vedic texts. Credit: Bibhu \nDev Misra\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EThe Night of Brahma\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn May 2012, an article in Nature Geoscience written by Dr. Zhong-Qiang Chen of the China University of Geosciences in Wuhan and Professor Michael Benton of the University of Bristol, stated that it took nearly 10 million years for life forms to appear after the end-Permian mass extinction event 250 million years ago, which had wiped out nearly 90% of all living species.[8] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs per the scientists, two factors could have delayed the appearance of new life forms:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Col style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe sheer intensity of the crisis\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe continuing grim conditions on earth after the first wave of extinction.[9]\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Cp\u003EProfessor Michael Benton wrote that, “in this most devastating case, life did recover, after many millions of years, and new groups emerged. The event had re-set evolution.”[10]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnother study conducted in 2019 found that it takes at least ten million years before the diversity of a species achieves a similar level to that seen before the mass extinction event.[11] Dr. Lowery and Dr. Fraass studied foram fossils for a time period covering roughly 20 million years, from the end of the Cretaceous mass extinction (66 million years ago) and extending through the ensuing recovery, to determine how long it took these minibeasts to recover their species diversity. Dr. Lowery and Dr. Fraass concluded that it took \u003Ci\u003Eat least ten million years for foram species diversity to recover.\u003C\/i\u003E[12]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThese studies confirm that, in general, it takes around 10 million years or more for life forms to emerge and global biodiversity to recover, after a mass extinction event. This confirms what Vedic sages said about the “Night of Brahma” being a time when the earth is devoid of life forms.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe other question that was on my mind is this: As per the Vedic doctrine, life forms arise very quickly after a “Night of Brahma” ends, and the next “Day of Brahma” begins. Now, does this really happen? Do we see a sudden emergence of life forms after a mass extinction event, or do they appear gradually through a process of natural selection extending over millions of years, as Darwin had proposed?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EPunctuated Equilibrium\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDarwin’s theory that new species arise by the slow and steady transformation of entire populations is not reflected in the fossil records. If this were true, then a continuous sequence of “intermediate forms”, showing incremental changes on the way to a new species, should have been found in the rock strata. Unfortunately, intermediate forms connecting species have never been identified.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe absence of “missing links” had also concerned Darwin, who attributed it to the imperfections of the geological record. In the \u003Ci\u003EOrigin of Species\u003C\/i\u003E, Darwin wrote, \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“Why then is not every geological formation and every stratum full of such intermediate links? Geology assuredly does not reveal any such finely graduated organic chain; and this, perhaps, is the most obvious and gravest objection which can be urged against my theory.”[13] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“The geological record is extremely imperfect and this fact will to a large extent explain why we do not find interminable varieties, connecting together all the extinct and existing forms of life by the finest graduated steps. He who rejects these views on the nature of the geological record will rightly reject my whole theory. ”[14]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1972, Harvard University paleontologists Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge wrote their seminal paper titled, “Punctuated Equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism”, in which they argued that the fossil record is not imperfect, as claimed by Darwinists. The many breaks in the fossil records are real, and they express how evolution occurs. The absence of transitional forms implies that evolution does not occur by the slow and gradual transformation of a species.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“Under the influence of phyletic gradualism, the rarity of transitional series remains as our persistent bugbear…Many breaks in the fossil record are real; they express the way in which evolution occurs, not the fragments of an imperfect record. The sharp break in a local column accurately records what happened in that area through time.”[15]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“Although phyletic gradualism prevails as a picture for the origin of new species in paleontology, very few classic examples purport to document it. A few authors have offered a simple a literal interpretation of this situation: in-situ, gradual, progressive evolutionary change is a rare phenomenon. But we usually explain the paucity of cases by a nearly ritualized invocation of the inadequacy of the fossil record.”[16]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGould and Eldredge proposed the theory of Punctuated Equilibrium to explain what is really happening in the fossil records. They said that, the fossil records show long periods of stasis or equlibrium, extending for millions of years, during which time there is little or no evolutionary change, which are punctuated by rapid, episodic periods of speciation, occurring within the space of a few thousand years.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGould provided further clarification in his article titled, “Evolution’s Erratic Pace (1977)”, in which he wrote that, in any local area, “a species does not arise gradually by the steady transformation of its ancestors; it appears all at once and fully formed”[17]. Once a species appears, it undergoes very little or no evolutionary change for millions of years. Most species, “appear in the fossil record looking much the same as when they disappear; morphological change is usually limited and directionless.”[18] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EGould berated the paleontological community for being so heavily influenced by Darwin’s theory of gradual evolution, that they did not notice the obvious patterns in the fossil records.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“The extreme rarity of transitional forms in the fossil record persists as the trade secret of paleontology…Paleontologists have paid an exorbitant price for Darwin's argument. We fancy ourselves as the only true students of life's history, yet to preserve our favored account of evolution by natural selection we view our data as so bad that we never see the very process we profess to study.”[19] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGould was one of the most influential and widely read authors of popular science of his generation. He wrote 300 popular essays in the Natural History magazine, for both specialists and non-specialists. In April 2000, the US Library of Congress named him a “Living Legend”. Throughout his career, Gould insisted that the gradualistic models of evolution are simply not reflected in the fossil records, and there is a strong tendency within the scientific community to restrict their thinking within certain belief systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the essay, “Darwin's Untimely Burial” (1976), Gould gave vent to his frustration when he wrote that, “I am a strong advocate of the general argument that “truth” as preached by scientists often turns out to be no more than prejudice inspired by prevailing social and political beliefs.”[20] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn “The Return of Hopeful Monsters” (1977), he wrote that, “all paleontologists know that the fossil record contains precious little in the way of intermediate forms; transitions between major groups are characteristically abrupt.” And then, in the essay titled, “Is a new and general theory of evolution emerging?” (1980), Gould reiterated the obvious flaws in the Darwinian model of evolution: \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“The absence of fossil evidence for intermediary stages between major transitions in organic design, indeed our inability, even in our imagination, to construct functional intermediates in many cases, has been a persistent and nagging problem for gradualistic accounts of evolution.”[21]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe truth is that, when we go purely by the fossil records – leaving aside all theories and speculations - what we see are rapid bursts of speciation and not long-drawn-out gradual accumulation of small variations.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGould’s Harvard colleague, Niles Eldredge, estimated that the rapid periods of evolutionary change, “took something between 5,000 and 50,000 years—a mere blink of an eye geologically speaking.”[22]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is equally fascinating that this estimate is very close to the value mentioned in the \u003Ci\u003ESurya Siddhanta\u003C\/i\u003E, which is the oldest astronomical treatise of India. The text states: “One hundred times four hundred and seventy four years passed while the All-Wise was employed in creating the animate and inanimate creation, plants, stars, gods, demons and the rest.”[23]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis means, the entire creative process (possibly at the beginning of the current Day of Brahma) took 47,400 years, which falls in the range of values found by Eldredge i.e. between 5000 – 50,000 years.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EOscillations in Morphology\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOnce speciation is completed, every species remains amazingly stable for millions of years. That does not mean that they do not change at all. In his study of Devonian trilobites, which lived between 380-375 million years ago, Eldredge had found that, once a new species appeared, they persisted for millions of years with very little morphological change. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“There were some oscillations in morphology, so species weren’t completely invariant, but the net sum of any changes usually tended to cancel out, leading to no net change.”[24]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGould, by the way, had also found very similar patterns in his studies that focused on fossil land snails from the genus Poecilozonites that lived a few hundred thousand years ago during the Pleistocene.[25]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI was amazed to know of these findings, because this is precisely what I had discovered in course of my explorations into the Yuga Cycle. In \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, I had proposed, based on ample data points, that, both human cranial volume as well as physical size fluctuates in a sinusoidal manner over a 25,800-year precession cycle, without a net increase or decrease in any direction. I had written that this oscillation must have been going on over the past 2 million-odd years of human evolution.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh5XFDIBXocSbZAi1mD3azlZqVEi7Pp0smhQxQHxlOiqol6NkWxeX0x6Z3sUNGuj8XX9K4a01Hpifn9jqcGjbuGytshfH1tNQa845S8SrysyB9lm6zOEE_RWz8zTeJXasKL4fBDxkUVmN8ZGoFwKMJwZVJ92BJcsO_qiBhfctr9rRsOcm8iQJsnMHdOh2o\/s1400\/40%20Cranial%20Volume%20Fluctuation%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"690\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"316\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh5XFDIBXocSbZAi1mD3azlZqVEi7Pp0smhQxQHxlOiqol6NkWxeX0x6Z3sUNGuj8XX9K4a01Hpifn9jqcGjbuGytshfH1tNQa845S8SrysyB9lm6zOEE_RWz8zTeJXasKL4fBDxkUVmN8ZGoFwKMJwZVJ92BJcsO_qiBhfctr9rRsOcm8iQJsnMHdOh2o\/w640-h316\/40%20Cranial%20Volume%20Fluctuation%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EThe cranial volume of Homo sapiens fluctuates over the \n25,800-year Yuga Cycle or Precession Cycle. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd now it turns out that the “oscillations in morphology” occur not only in case of humans, but is a characteristic feature of the entire animal kingdom! All species increase and decrease in size and cranial capacity in a sinusoidal manner over the entire “Day of Brahma” of 12.9 million years, spanning 500 complete Yuga Cycles.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is why the Ice Age megafauna were so much bigger than the animals of today. It’s a recurring pattern of nature!\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEvery assertion of the Vedic texts with respect to the “Day and Night of Brahma” has now been detected in the fossil records. It is not an approximate correlation, but an almost exact match. Let me recapitulate the important connections: \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe fossil records show that a mass extinction of species occurs every 26 million years, while the Vedic texts claim that all life on the earth is extinguished at the end of a “Day of Brahma”, every 26 million years.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe fossil records show that it takes 10 million years or more for new life forms to emerge and for global biodiversity to recover, after a mass extinction event. The Vedic texts claim that the earth remains in a lifeless state during the “Night of Brahma”, which extends for 13 million years after an extinction event.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe fossil records show that new species appear in rapid, episodic bursts, in a fully formed state. The rapid speciation events are completed within 5,000 - 50,000 years. The Vedic texts claim that new life forms arise on the earth as soon as a new “Day of Brahma” dawns, and it takes nearly 47,400 years for all living entities to be created.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe fossil records are in perfect alignment with every element of the doctrine of the “Day and Night of Brahma”. This is yet another indication of the profound knowledge of the vast time cycles that our ancestors had possessed, and they passed them down to us in simple verses, although, sometimes they also employed metaphors and symbolic imageries to drive home the point and aid in memorization.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor instance, the events that occur in course of a “Day and Night of Brahma” has also been metaphorically described as the “breathing in and out of Brahma”. When Brahma breathes out, life forms get dispersed across the cosmos, and when he breathes in, life forms return to the source and the cosmos becomes lifeless.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, I have proposed that the unmanifested, creative principle, that the Vedic sages called Brahma, refers to the central black hole of the Milky Way galaxy, which, as most scientists agree, acts as the central engine of our galaxy. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EWhen does the current Day of Brahma end?\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn case you are wondering when the current “Day of Brahma” will come to a cataclysmic end, you can rest easy, for it is still a very long way off. The last mass extinction event was the “Middle Miocene Disruption” which occurred around 14.8 Mya (Million years ago). This means that the current “Day of Brahma” started 12.9 Myr later, at around 1.9 Mya.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENot surprisingly, the earliest fossil remains of the genus Homo (to which our own species Homo sapiens belongs) started appearing around the same time. The oldest hominin fossils are those of Homo habilis, dated to around 1.9 Mya. H. habilis cranial volume fluctuated between 500 cc – 800 cc over the course of its presence in the fossil records till around 1.5 Mya. The bipedal, erect walking, Homo erectus appears in the fossil records from 1.7 Mya till around 250,000 years ago. H. erectus shows a fluctuation in cranial volume between 850 – 1200 cc.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESince the current “Day of Brahma” started around 1.9 Mya, the next cosmic dissolution event is nearly 11 million years away. So we can safely take it off our calendar for now. It is not cosmic dissolution that should worry us, but the impending transition out of the Kali Yuga in 2025, which is likely to be very turbulent.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere is no doubt that our ancestors had a very sophisticated understanding of the vast cycles of time that regulate life and civilization on our planet. Unfortunately, this wisdom was gradually forgotten, as we devolved along the descending arc of the Yuga Cycle. The scientific advances of the past couple of centuries is now helping us to uncover the true significance of these ancient doctrines.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, in general, the attitude of scientists and academics towards the ancient cultures continues to remain dismissive. The problem is that, once we become indoctrinated with a specific belief system since childhood, it becomes extremely difficult to dislodge it, even with the aid of voluminous amounts of scientific data. Unless we adopt an attitude of respect towards the ancient civilizations, we will continue to remain oblivious to the grand stores of wisdom that have been encoded into their sacred texts, symbols and magnificent archaeological monuments.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReferences\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E[1] The Vishnu Purana 1.3, tr. by Horace Hayman Wilson, 1840, https:\/\/sacred-texts.com\/hin\/vp\/vp037.htm\u003Cbr \/\u003E[2] The Bhagavad Gita 8.17-8.20 tr. Eknath Easwaran, Penguin Books, 1996.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[3] Douglas Preston, The Day the Dinosaurs Died, The New Yorker, 29 March 2019, https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2019\/04\/08\/the-day-the-dinosaurs-died\u003Cbr \/\u003E[4] Raup and Sepkoski, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81(1984): 801-805 \u003Cbr \/\u003E[5] D M Raup, “The role of extinction in evolution”, PNAS 91 (1994): 6758-6763.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[6] Adrian L. Melott and Richard K. Bambach, \"DO PERIODICITIES IN EXTINCTION—WITH POSSIBLE ASTRONOMICAL CONNECTIONS—SURVIVE A REVISION OF THE GEOLOGICAL TIMESCALE?\",\u0026nbsp; The Astrophysical Journal, 2013, Volume 773, Number 1\u003Cbr \/\u003E[7] Michael R. Rampino, \"Dark matter’s shadowy effect on Earth\", Astronomy.com July 31, 2019, https:\/\/astronomy.com\/magazine\/2019\/07\/dark-matters--shadowy-effect--on-earth\u003Cbr \/\u003E[8] Zhong-Qiang Chen, Michael J. Benton, “The timing and pattern of biotic recovery following the end-Permian mass extinction” Nature Geoscience, 2012, DOI: 10.1038\/ngeo1475\u003Cbr \/\u003E[9] University of Bristol, “It took Earth ten million years to recover from greatest mass extinction” ScienceDaily, 27 May 2012, www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/05\/120527153810.htm\u003Cbr \/\u003E10 Ibid\u003Cbr \/\u003E[11] Christopher M. Lowery and Andrew J. Fraass, “Morphospace expansion paces taxonomic diversification after end Cretaceous mass extinction”, Nature Ecology \u0026amp; Evolution, 9 April 2019, DOI:10.1038\/s41559-019-0835-0\u003Cbr \/\u003E[12] GrrlScientist, “Appearance Of New Species After Mass Extinction Has Evolutionary 'Speed Limit'”, Forbes Apr 13, 2019, https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/grrlscientist\/2019\/04\/13\/appearance-of-new-species-after-mass-extinction-has-evolutionary-speed-limit\/?sh=7a3c6dfa525b\u003Cbr \/\u003E[13] Charles Darwin, Origin of Species (1859) 280\u003Cbr \/\u003E[14] Charles Darwin, Origin of Species (1859) 342\u003Cbr \/\u003E[15] Gould, S. J. and Eldredge, N., “Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism” Models in paleobiology ed. Schopf, TJM Freeman (San Francisco: Cooper \u0026amp; Co, 1972) pp. 82-115\u003Cbr \/\u003E[16] Ibid\u003Cbr \/\u003E[17] Ibid\u003Cbr \/\u003E[18] Gould, S.J, \"Evolution's Erratic Pace\", Natural History 86 (1977): 14\u003Cbr \/\u003E[19] Gould, S. J., 1977, “Evolution’s erratic pace” Natural History, 86(1977):14\u003Cbr \/\u003E[20] Stephen Jay Gould, \"Darwin's Untimely Burial,\" Natural History 85 (1976): 24-30\u003Cbr \/\u003E[21] Gould, S. J , “Is a new and general theory of evolution emerging?” Paleobiology 6 (1980):119–130.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[22] Eldredge, N. The Early “Evolution” of “Punctuated Equilibria”. Evo Edu Outreach 1, 107–113 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12052-008-0032-0\u003Cbr \/\u003E[23] Surya-Siddhanta: A text-book of Hindu astronomy, trans. Ebenezer Burgess, Phanindralal Gangooly (Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1989) chapter 1, p 13.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[24] \"Punctuated equilibrium and stasis\", Digital Atlas of Ancient Life, Paleontological Research Institution, https:\/\/www.digitalatlasofancientlife.org\/learn\/evolution\/punctuated-equilibrium-and-stasis\/\u003Cbr \/\u003E[25] \"Punctuated equilibrium and stasis\", Digital Atlas of Ancient Life, Paleontological Research Institution, https:\/\/www.digitalatlasofancientlife.org\/learn\/evolution\/punctuated-equilibrium-and-stasis\/\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/525923549163224889\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2025\/02\/the-26-million-year-cycle-of-mass.html#comment-form","title":"2 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/525923549163224889"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/525923549163224889"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2025\/02\/the-26-million-year-cycle-of-mass.html","title":"26-Million-Year Cycle of Mass Extinctions \u0026 the Day and Night of Brahma"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgixJrmtmZbLY0U7a1J8U32vU538EHA1eCZdP7MNqxDV7RTrLWPDN2h2_ir3GnJLGPGMmKKxTY5K4k1UphWyfAfW2virVUKH0tcIAQVP7wfmKtPoGJ6KRoU3nVLnpCFR-Dq3pRJrfNWS2ci3jc5y3C1P86sJ-HshUiKRam_g9bMIjOfQFtLyCNC499xBJM\/s72-c\/Mass%20Extinction%20small.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"2"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-7096797123787606389"},"published":{"$t":"2025-02-07T16:08:00.009+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2025-08-02T12:45:12.428+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Sioux Prophecy of the White Buffalo Calf Woman came true in 2024"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgX-iXBNRT89s1kERq0tb3VKmwqw7_d-ZAvC55c_AMvx0981XcL1C7CPgzn3NuGQoUEVHJx5gxEWrCesLJhe7sLh8eke9gYb20LT3byrtmwk5uayvq0eGoF_drazGhpyHdPBmKWDpr9fCWp1T_neGyHZQAhwF4qujXZDbE-7m4BVcNlQIwxBJX8m_-jZ-8\/s800\/White%20Buffalo%20Calf%20woman%20featured%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"499\" data-original-width=\"800\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgX-iXBNRT89s1kERq0tb3VKmwqw7_d-ZAvC55c_AMvx0981XcL1C7CPgzn3NuGQoUEVHJx5gxEWrCesLJhe7sLh8eke9gYb20LT3byrtmwk5uayvq0eGoF_drazGhpyHdPBmKWDpr9fCWp1T_neGyHZQAhwF4qujXZDbE-7m4BVcNlQIwxBJX8m_-jZ-8\/s320\/White%20Buffalo%20Calf%20woman%20featured%20small.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ENote: This article was first published on Mysterious Universe (https:\/\/mysteriousuniverse.org\/)\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESacred, ancient, prophecies do not come true every year; but when one of them do, it is a cause for introspection and quiet reflection. And, maybe, just a little bit of freaking out as well. The prophecy that I am talking about is the Sioux prophecy of the White Buffalo Calf Woman that came true, quite unexpectedly, in the month of June, 2024. The news received widespread coverage on both mainstream and social media, which prompted me to explore the possible implications of this event for our out-of-balance world.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Sioux tribes of North America live in the Great Plains around the Lake Superior, and are composed of two linguistic groups – the Lakota and Dakota. It is no secret that the lives of the Native American tribes were inextricably linked with the buffalo, which provided them with food, clothing, habitat and nearly every material need. That’s the reason why, their ancient legends and sacred prophecies are also intimately related to the buffalo.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELike so many other ancient cultures, the Sioux people also believe in a Cycle of Four Ages, in course of which there is a gradual deterioration in our morals and environment. They say that, at the beginning of the current Cycle of Four Ages, a buffalo was placed in the west in order to hold back the waters that inundate the earth at the end of every cycle. Every year, the buffalo loses a hair, and at the end of an Age he loses a leg. When all its hair and the four legs are gone, the waters will rush in and the Cycle of Four Ages will come to a rather watery end.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EInterestingly, as per their beliefs, the buffalo is now nearly bald and is standing on only one leg. Which means that the end of the Cycle of Four Ages, is not far away.[1] We are living in a world that is teetering at the brink of a major transformation! But when exactly will this cycle come to end? What kind of signs, if any, will appear beforehand to warn us of the impending changes, and provide guidance for the great shift? This is precisely where the prophecy of the White Buffalo Calf Woman comes in.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgo-he0MkNKYqLIgLhrLFxNh0dzTkhgTYIaGdWI0XyHhR-iyvwVJijOdaerZpmmh7JdBInS8VN5NCpf4sRkvQsw555kZmvhYq2nLXnyuoQSjThXb1aXN3mOO-mwmdoWPvY6nZeHxKBVhmc9RHPfC0aLFmQgqAsNPrmI1y-f8bTxpjiR41lRjsgMYXysJGc\/s1200\/Native%20American%20chief%20on%20horseback.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"604\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"322\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgo-he0MkNKYqLIgLhrLFxNh0dzTkhgTYIaGdWI0XyHhR-iyvwVJijOdaerZpmmh7JdBInS8VN5NCpf4sRkvQsw555kZmvhYq2nLXnyuoQSjThXb1aXN3mOO-mwmdoWPvY6nZeHxKBVhmc9RHPfC0aLFmQgqAsNPrmI1y-f8bTxpjiR41lRjsgMYXysJGc\/w640-h322\/Native%20American%20chief%20on%20horseback.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe story goes back some 2000 year ago, when the White Buffalo Calf Woman gave the Sioux people their sacred bundle and sacred prayer pipe. Joseph Chasing Horse gives us the story.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“The story goes that she appeared to two warriors at that time. These two warriors were out hunting buffalo, hunting for food in the sacred Black Hills of South Dakota, and they saw a big body coming toward them. And they saw that it was a white buffalo calf. As it came closer to them, it turned into a beautiful young Indian girl.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003EThat time one of the warriors had a bad thought in his mind, and so the young girl told him to step forward. And when he did step forward, a black cloud came over his body, and when the black cloud disappeared, the warrior who had bad thoughts was left with no flesh or blood on his bones. The other warrior kneeled and began to pray.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003EAnd when he prayed, the white buffalo calf who was now an Indian girl told him to go back to his people and warn them that in four days she was going to bring a sacred bundle.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003ESo the warrior did as he was told. He went back to his people and he gathered all the elders and all the leaders and all the people in a circle and told them what she had instructed him to do. And sure enough, just as she said she would, on the fourth day she came.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003EThey say a cloud came down from the sky, and off of the cloud stepped the white buffalo calf. As it rolled onto the earth, the calf stood up and became this beautiful young woman who was carrying the sacred bundle in her hand.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003EAs she entered into the circle of the nation, she sang a sacred song and took the sacred bundle to the people who were there to take of her. She spent four days among our people and taught them about the sacred bundle, the meaning of it…She brought us the seven sacred ceremonies and taught our people the songs and the traditional ways. And she instructed our people that as long as we performed these ceremonies we would always remain caretakers and guardians of sacred land. She told us that as long as we took care of it and respected it that our people would never die and would always live.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003EWhen she was done teaching all our people, she left the way she came. She went out of the circle, and as she was leaving she turned and told our people that she would return one day for the sacred bundle. And she left the sacred bundle, which we still have to this very day.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003EThe sacred bundle is known as the White Buffalo Calf Pipe because it was brought by the White Buffalo Calf Woman. It is kept in a sacred place (Green Grass) on the Cheyenne River Indian reservation in South Dakota. It's kept by a man who is known as the keeper of the White Buffalo Calf Pipe, Arvol Looking Horse.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003EWhen White Buffalo Calf Woman promised to return again, she made some prophecies at that time. One of those prophesies was that the birth of a white buffalo calf would be a sign that it would be near the time when she would return again to purify the world. What she meant by that was that she would bring back harmony again and balance, spiritually.”[2]\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEvidently, as far as the Sioux are concerned, the birth of white buffalo calf is the foolproof sign that the current World Cycle is on the verge of ending, and the White Buffalo Calf Woman is about to return to purify the world, and restore harmony and balance in our lives and in the entire ecosphere.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiiyO4VHj7KP-RHSEM6xnSb9wryM51fXJX_vExdXDM7KFhxL67n9iRDY3JxYSKPUEp7-vqeD4lYW9BFqUZOtsl5kLXBL7dZBO4Uu5t15fd3JhHf9l_TB21CX6Vg351rANG_YrVbO822c-hZCKo4fiMBD40nYtROuSkQo4OVz_3j8m5UKJmCgeVpez_pdiM\/s1800\/White%20Buffalo%20Calf%20woman%20featured.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"984\" data-original-width=\"1800\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiiyO4VHj7KP-RHSEM6xnSb9wryM51fXJX_vExdXDM7KFhxL67n9iRDY3JxYSKPUEp7-vqeD4lYW9BFqUZOtsl5kLXBL7dZBO4Uu5t15fd3JhHf9l_TB21CX6Vg351rANG_YrVbO822c-hZCKo4fiMBD40nYtROuSkQo4OVz_3j8m5UKJmCgeVpez_pdiM\/w640-h350\/White%20Buffalo%20Calf%20woman%20featured.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003ENow, it is worth noting that a number of white buffaloes have been born in the Sioux farmlands over the past century - which caused some degree of excitement in their community - but the elders and the keepers of sacred prophecies did not look upon them as the fulfilment of the prophecy of the White Buffalo Calf Woman, since all these calves were born in captivity where cross-breeding of species is very common. The Sioux have been patiently waiting for the appearance of a white buffalo calf in the wild, and that event occurred in the month of June, this year. On 13th June, 2024, the BBC reported that,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“An incredibly rare white bison calf has been photographed in Yellowstone National Park, exciting Native American tribes who view it as a religious sign heralding major change. It was spotted in the Lamar Valley area, and is the first white bison to be born in the last wild herd in the US, according to modern records…\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003EMontana photographer Erin Braaten took photos of the young buffalo in the Lamar Valley on 4 June while visiting the park with three of her eight children....\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003EChief Arvol Looking Horse, who is the 19th generation keeper of the pipe believed to have been given by the white buffalo woman, said that the calf's arrival was a sign “we must do more”.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“All nations should come together at their sacred places and unify with us in prayer,” he said. He called the calf's arrival \"a blessing and a warning”. “I'm so overwhelmed. It's a miracle,” the spiritual leader told BBC News on Thursday. “It makes my hairs stand up just to even talk about it, because I can't believe this is happening - the spirit of the white buffalo calf woman sending a message to us.””[3]\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA few days later, on January 26, the birth of the white buffalo calf was celebrated in a tribal ceremony which was organized on the north shore of Hebgen Lake, just west of Yellowstone National Park. It was attended by nearly 500 tribal members, tourists, and others, who were addressed by representatives from the Shoshone-Bannock, Lakota, Sioux, Northern Arapaho and Colville tribes.[4]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe overarching feeling of the elders was that the birth of the white calf, “was a foreboding message that the world is in a bad place at the moment, but also that it would help bring forth guidance on how to fix things... people need to recognize that its coming means they will have to change their behaviors with each other and with nature in order to save Mother Earth.”\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“It’s up to each and every one of you to make it happen for the future of our children. We must come together and bring that good energy back,” said Chief Arvol Looking Horse, who presided over the ceremony, and called the calf’s birth a “momentous time in our history.”\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELooking Horse said when he was chosen in 1966 at 12 years old to be the sacred pipe and bundle keeper, his grandmother who preceded him in that role had a warning about Mother Earth and the prophecy of the White Buffalo Calf Woman. “She also told the people that if people don’t straighten up, then I shall be the last sacred bundle keeper, and that is always in my heart.”\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgJxA_yflQDFbkMw6UN_vIfKo2yS36cqpkSEWT6b10A0oAF6LiVkqU0aM2B72ayBmNk9m-7-ce8jXv7K9TzeSKS_3awb0NItgACRXje9-17q1jx4qCY5UVKPdymO0fTnk9ZrV1lU-TnhhhoDzRgdRbKy9tiEZ786m7C_sOKuBB5CUgnip2hs5AzebbGfhI\/s4500\/AdobeStock_1059142278.jpeg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"3000\" data-original-width=\"4500\" height=\"266\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgJxA_yflQDFbkMw6UN_vIfKo2yS36cqpkSEWT6b10A0oAF6LiVkqU0aM2B72ayBmNk9m-7-ce8jXv7K9TzeSKS_3awb0NItgACRXje9-17q1jx4qCY5UVKPdymO0fTnk9ZrV1lU-TnhhhoDzRgdRbKy9tiEZ786m7C_sOKuBB5CUgnip2hs5AzebbGfhI\/w400-h266\/AdobeStock_1059142278.jpeg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI was wondering what might have gone through my mind if, at the age of 12, I was handed a sacred relic of our community by my grandma, that has passed hands in an unbroken succession for 2000 years. “What on earth did I do that made you think that I will keep it safe, grandma?” would have probably been my first reaction. “Haven’t you noticed all the stuff that I have lost, broken, or exchanged with my friends? That stuff belongs in a bank locker, grandma!”\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPerhaps not in as many words, but looking back my sentiments might have been along those lines. But Chief Arvol Looking Horse was obviously of a different breed, and he might have felt wonder and excitement in equal measure as the objects were entrusted to him. As the keeper of the sacred pipe for such a long time, his thoughts on the significance of this prophecy being fulfilled is of greatest importance to us.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA couple of words Looking Horse said stuck in my mind. He said that the appearance of the white calf is a “blessing and a warning”. As I thought about it, I started to realize why. It’s a blessing because, it means that the energies of the Planetary Mother or Divine Feminine is being activated on our planet after a long period of dormancy. Therefore, it will now become easier for anyone who chooses to do so, to tap into this energy field for solace, guidance and illumination. It also suggests that there will be gradual restoration and rebalancing of the environment, leading to more fertility and abundance.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt the same time, it is also a warning, since the process of purification always entails a lot of suffering. Not only will the process of cleansing entail the purification of our ecosphere, which has suffered a lot of abuse over the past few hundred years of industrial revolution, it will also require the healing and dissolving of our egoic selves, which brings about so much misery not only to ourselves but to everyone around us. It is only through the purification of nature and the collective shadow self can we truly move into a new era of divinely guided harmony, balance and prosperity.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhich means that the White Buffalo Calf Woman may create the conditions that forces each one of us to look within and introspect, and do some serious inner work, so that we might find the wisdom and the light to heal ourselves and guide us through the portal of initiation to the new era. This, essentially, requires us to swim against the tide of spiritual darkness that has engulfed the world and is taking us ever closer to the precipice. However, since the divine energies of the Planetary Mother are getting activated on our planet, help is at hand, and it may not be as much of an uphill task as earlier.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI was wondering who the White Buffalo Calf Woman might represent in the context of the mythology of other ancient cultures, and I was reminded of the Egyptian goddesses Isis and Hathor, both of whom were shown wearing a headdress of cow horns. Hathor, in particular, was also depicted as a cow, either protecting or nursing the pharaoh. Both Isis and Hathor were goddess of waters, milk, nourishment, fertility, magic, music, love and maternal care. They were also regarded as psychopomps, who roamed between worlds, helping the souls of the dead on their way to the afterlife.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjhdpZA2n55vlnLaSkA79qyssCA4PNcfofOAhy1-r_9KJKLJMhHgYr8rbciZPwxY_BszW0aKPia4y5ue0wXGhih-H62JUT4Klj6JAXSMtSLWWfchkFEQYzIGq_9p44NSZGW3PugeO61bLOp-mjRLkqQqlWY6XRe4vRsWmQqcu-1H8uZhi-tF4_3_sUSVpU\/s1481\/Isis%20with%20Horus%20the%20Child,%20bronze,%20c%20680%20to%20640%20BC,%20Walters%20Art%20Museum,%20Wikimedia%20Commons%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Isis with Horus the Child\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1481\" data-original-width=\"1319\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjhdpZA2n55vlnLaSkA79qyssCA4PNcfofOAhy1-r_9KJKLJMhHgYr8rbciZPwxY_BszW0aKPia4y5ue0wXGhih-H62JUT4Klj6JAXSMtSLWWfchkFEQYzIGq_9p44NSZGW3PugeO61bLOp-mjRLkqQqlWY6XRe4vRsWmQqcu-1H8uZhi-tF4_3_sUSVpU\/w356-h400\/Isis%20with%20Horus%20the%20Child,%20bronze,%20c%20680%20to%20640%20BC,%20Walters%20Art%20Museum,%20Wikimedia%20Commons%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.jpg\" width=\"356\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIsis with Horus the Child, bronze, c. 680 to 640 BCE, Walters Art Museum. Source: Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjbI4mb0fo-34fYDvnelmJcFaqzOkb-X5rI6zIqL6sJ0AX9YQ3vxtgIEfbu3XWYtv-mnPvp7DqqhW4O4KsDfUMRSsYV_EeXtgFPizaFFgq5yHmSSTUPkbxMSB277hGGQneimb4Ap5mtBz9NbKiv5gKqLGeBZeOkSR5lTnKBpbL5gYJbaeJxUGw4HzeMFMk\/s1024\/Hathor%20depicted%20in%20the%20form%20of%20a%20standing%20cow,%20flanked%20by%20three%20different%20forms%20of%20Hathor,%20seated%20with%20a%20crown,%20standing%20with%20lioness%20head%20Sekhmet,%20and%20female%20headed%20serpent,%20664%20BC%20to%20332%20BC,%20Louvre%20Museum,%20Rama,%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Hathor depicted in the form of a standing cow\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"886\" data-original-width=\"1024\" height=\"346\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjbI4mb0fo-34fYDvnelmJcFaqzOkb-X5rI6zIqL6sJ0AX9YQ3vxtgIEfbu3XWYtv-mnPvp7DqqhW4O4KsDfUMRSsYV_EeXtgFPizaFFgq5yHmSSTUPkbxMSB277hGGQneimb4Ap5mtBz9NbKiv5gKqLGeBZeOkSR5lTnKBpbL5gYJbaeJxUGw4HzeMFMk\/w400-h346\/Hathor%20depicted%20in%20the%20form%20of%20a%20standing%20cow,%20flanked%20by%20three%20different%20forms%20of%20Hathor,%20seated%20with%20a%20crown,%20standing%20with%20lioness%20head%20Sekhmet,%20and%20female%20headed%20serpent,%20664%20BC%20to%20332%20BC,%20Louvre%20Museum,%20Rama,%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EHathor depicted in the form of a standing cow, flanked by \nthree different forms of Hathor - seated with a crown, standing with \nlioness head (Sekhmet), and female headed serpent, c.664 to 332 BCE, \nLouvre Museum. Credit: Rama, CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhl2NFNhnmkEDrETEmDExaGIR4Xw3zP-KqI_Q6NCp_va6FrGBKaRfTvjdz_GECt97coiT-5bt39Xj_bRQRyQ_RHMEiluXYX6bMWaqAfOFnvrFEbuhZXEzPiAjjYxyMRFIOoV09uiCmFvqdTQfwvO9DEB5L7-FQwzgoYgQaLo21v43-vWV4QvuwCwroZ4UU\/s1371\/The%20goddess%20Hathor%20depicted%20as%20a%20cow,%20protecting%20king%20Amenhotep%20II%20who%20stands%20below%20her%20neck,%2018th%20dynasty,%201425%20to%201400%20BCE,%20Sandstone,%20Cairo%20Museum,%20Olaf%20Tausch%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The goddess Hathor depicted as a cow, protecting king Amenhotep II\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1371\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhl2NFNhnmkEDrETEmDExaGIR4Xw3zP-KqI_Q6NCp_va6FrGBKaRfTvjdz_GECt97coiT-5bt39Xj_bRQRyQ_RHMEiluXYX6bMWaqAfOFnvrFEbuhZXEzPiAjjYxyMRFIOoV09uiCmFvqdTQfwvO9DEB5L7-FQwzgoYgQaLo21v43-vWV4QvuwCwroZ4UU\/w350-h400\/The%20goddess%20Hathor%20depicted%20as%20a%20cow,%20protecting%20king%20Amenhotep%20II%20who%20stands%20below%20her%20neck,%2018th%20dynasty,%201425%20to%201400%20BCE,%20Sandstone,%20Cairo%20Museum,%20Olaf%20Tausch%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.jpg\" width=\"350\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EThe goddess Hathor depicted as a cow, protecting king \nAmenhotep II who stands below her neck. 18th Dynasty, c. 1425 - 1400 \nBCE, Sandstone, Cairo Museum. Credit: Olaf Tausch, CC BY-SA 3.0, via \nWikimedia Commons\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EInterestingly, the Egyptians associated the star Sirius with a goddess called Sopdet who was identified with Isis and Hathor. Since the heliacal rising of Sirius preceded the annual flooding of the Nile, the goddess Sopdet, and by extension Isis and Hathor, were also associated with the Nile floods, which restored fertility to the arid lands. Sopdet was long thought to be represented by the cow on an ivory tablet from the reign of Djer (First Dynasty), which ties her strongly to Hathor, Isis and the White Buffalo Calf Woman of Sioux legends.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs I reflected upon this connection, it occurred to me that, it may be no coincidence that the sighting of the white buffalo calf has been followed by a spate of flooding incidents in 2024, in places like Spain, parts of the US, Eastern Europe, UAE, Philippines etc. and freak flooding incidents have continued in 2025 at places like Mecca, Australia etc. While some might attribute such events to human-induced climate change, a couple of them are conspicuous for their extreme rarity.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn September 2024, Sahara experienced its first floods in half a century, when more than a year’s worth of rain fell in two days in south-east Morocco, filling up lakes that have been dry for decades. Dramatic images from the desert town of Merzouga show that the rare deluge carved new lakes into the sand dunes. \u003Ci\u003EThe Guardian\u003C\/i\u003E reported that,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“Two days of rainfall in September exceeded yearly averages in several areas of south-east Morocco and caused a deluge...Satellite imagery from NASA showed Lake Iriqui, a lake bed between Zagora and Tata that had been dry for 50 years, being filled up.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E“It’s been 30 to 50 years since we’ve had this much rain in such a short space of time,” Houssine Youabeb, an official of Morocco’s meteorology agency told the Associated Press. Such rains, which meteorologists call an extratropical storm, may change the weather conditions in the region in the coming months and years.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003ECeleste Saulo, the secretary general of the World Meteorological Organization, told reporters on Monday that water cycles across the world were changing with increasing frequency. “As a result of rising temperatures, the hydrological cycle has accelerated. It has also become more erratic and unpredictable, and we are facing growing problems of either too much or too little water,” she said.”[5]\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEieGXIoXXzrqvgwz17fAk0Q7shyphenhyphenSOa8JLzUNsx0JZXTCJJTPnbLv8mil0mU2OOWUtRW0t1TXcjH9ziE6okxxxBGylZ2FZtjkBX6Xn-aPWgzMj2WfMCcNfB_YSPJ10pWIDjOnEZeDx4TbHANJ71qQIv0HM9s0rPUfbMRQbG12QePS_m0wFiYH_9HKn6L7-g\/s1400\/Sahara%20flood%202024.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"785\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"358\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEieGXIoXXzrqvgwz17fAk0Q7shyphenhyphenSOa8JLzUNsx0JZXTCJJTPnbLv8mil0mU2OOWUtRW0t1TXcjH9ziE6okxxxBGylZ2FZtjkBX6Xn-aPWgzMj2WfMCcNfB_YSPJ10pWIDjOnEZeDx4TbHANJ71qQIv0HM9s0rPUfbMRQbG12QePS_m0wFiYH_9HKn6L7-g\/w640-h358\/Sahara%20flood%202024.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFlooded dunes in the Sahara after the 2024 floods. Source: Adobe Stock.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYet another bizarre climatic incident of 2024 took everyone by surprise. In a scene straight out of the movie “Day After Tomorrow”, Saudi Arabia’s desert received its first ever recorded snowfall in early November, transforming the arid region, traditionally known for its scorching heat and golden sand dunes, into a winter wonderland.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESnow blanketed many parts of the Al-Jawf region in the northern Al-Nafud desert, following a series of severe weather events that swept through the region, including heavy rain and hailstorms. The event sent waterfalls and rivers flowing through the region, making the landscape barely recognizable. According to a report in \u003Ci\u003ENewsweek\u003C\/i\u003E,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\"Meteorologists have linked the unusual weather to a low-pressure system that moved from the Arabian Sea to Oman...Climatologists suggest that such atypical weather events may increase in frequency due to shifting atmospheric conditions associated with global climate change.\"[6]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhDhBlOIJFbF9mhyphenhyphen99glNyFBIaT6mXP0eQhRtK4AeFefk-0yyeD7OdwhAHWYvXIGgSBSGaiMC7jr0BxNdUS5NtatAfgaa00KxrzM1SppLqmEHtFxVGqujMAADBB3q5nYQxhVZW5n8M73UUQ2MhegLVgmwhKGmBatRMw-_2rCN24AK7VA2XAG3pPGC5_qME\/s834\/Saudi%20Arabia%20snowfall%20Global%20Dissident%20Twitter.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"531\" data-original-width=\"834\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhDhBlOIJFbF9mhyphenhyphen99glNyFBIaT6mXP0eQhRtK4AeFefk-0yyeD7OdwhAHWYvXIGgSBSGaiMC7jr0BxNdUS5NtatAfgaa00KxrzM1SppLqmEHtFxVGqujMAADBB3q5nYQxhVZW5n8M73UUQ2MhegLVgmwhKGmBatRMw-_2rCN24AK7VA2XAG3pPGC5_qME\/w640-h408\/Saudi%20Arabia%20snowfall%20Global%20Dissident%20Twitter.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003ESnow blankets the Al-Jawf region of Saudi Arabia. Credit: Global Dissident @X\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile watching \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wbRS7nVY3mA\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ethis YouTube video\u003C\/a\u003E about this unprecedented weather event, I came across a number of comments which claimed that the Prophet Muhammad had predicted that Saudi Arabia will turn green before the end of this age. As per one person, Muhammad had said, “The Hour (of the end times) will not begin until the land of the Arabs once again becomes meadows and rivers.” It seems that this prophecy, too, might be on its way to fulfillment.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is quite a coincidence - if coincidence, at all, is the right word here - that two extremely unusual flood and snow events, one in Egypt and the other in Saudi Arabia, occurred one after the other in the same year, soon after the prophecy of the White Buffalo Calf Woman was fulfilled, who, as we have discussed, is also Isis-Hathor, the goddess of the Nile floods. It’s almost as if some unknown climatic switch has been suddenly activated making everyone scratch their heads in wonder.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere is another reason why these two climatic events are really intriguing. Till around 4000 BCE, both the Sahara, as well as the Arabian Peninsula, used to be covered with lush green vegetation, rivers and vast lakes. Large herds of animals roamed freely across the plains. The African Humid Phase ended at around 3900 BCE, and by 3500 BCE sand dunes had started reclaiming the Sahara and Saudi Arabia. “The end of the ‘Green Sahara’ came about quite suddenly around 5,500 years ago,”[7] states climate scientist Gavin Schmidt, of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs per the Yuga Cycle framework that I have presented in my book \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, the time period from roughly 4000 – 3700 BCE was also the time of transition to the Kali Yuga cycle – the lowest point in terms of our consciousness, in the Cycle of the Ages. Since then, human civilization has passed through two back-to-back Kali Yugas, which span most of recorded history. The descending Kali Yuga, which started in 3676 BCE, is what historians refer to as the Bronze Age, while the ascending Kali Yuga, which began in 676 BCE is known to us as the Iron Age.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs per this framework, the ascending Kali Yuga ends in 2025, thereby pulling down the curtains on an extended Kali Yuga cycle, when humanity became disconnected from its Inner Source, from each other, and from the environment.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELooking at these events from the perspective of the Yuga Cycle, it seems that, just as we are about to emerge from the Kali Yuga cycle, a climatic reversal has been initiated, which could very well turn the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula into the kind of lush green grasslands they were before the beginning of the Kali Yuga cycle.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt the same time, we are now entering a period of transition between the Yugas called Ekpyrosis, which means \"Burning\" or \"Conflagration\". This is the time when the world is cleansed and renewed by fire, to make it suitable for the next cycle. So, we are going to experience increasing fire events, which could be in the form of wildfires, explosions, volcanic eruptions etc. Floods and fires will be the primary means by which Mother Nature will cleanse herself of the toxic waste that has been dumped on her over the course of the descending Yuga Cycle, and the past few hundred years in particular.\u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is becoming quite apparent that these large cycles of time are real, the shifts are real, and the scientific data is validating what the ancients have been saying all along. The fulfillment of the prophecy of the White Buffalo Calf Woman is a timely reminder to us that the wisdom and prophecies left behind by our ancestors are not simply old wives tales meant for our amusement, but that they encode precious information about the momentous events of the long bygone ages, and provide much-needed guidance about the epochal planetary shift that we are going into right now.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReferences\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E[1] Sandra Ingerman, Hank Wesselman, Awakening to the Spirit World: The Shamanic Path of Direct Revelation, ReadHowYouWant.com, 2010, p. 335.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[2] Joseph Chasing Horse, \"WHITE BUFFALO CALF WOMAN Brings The First Pipe\", \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.kstrom.net\/isk\/arvol\/buffpipe.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.kstrom.net\/isk\/arvol\/buffpipe.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[3] Max Matza and Madeline Halpert, \"Native Americans see omen in Yellowstone's rare white bison\", BBC News 13 June 2024, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/articles\/ckrrlpdlzj7o\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.bbc.com\/articles\/ckrrlpdlzj7o\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[4] Blair Miller \"‘Sacred Return’: Tribal ceremony honors birth of prophesied white buffalo calf\", Utah News Dispatch June 29, 2024, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/utahnewsdispatch.com\/2024\/06\/29\/tribal-ceremony-honors-birth-of-prophesied-white-buffalo-calf\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/utahnewsdispatch.com\/2024\/06\/29\/tribal-ceremony-honors-birth-of-prophesied-white-buffalo-calf\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[5] Eromo Egbejule, \"Dramatic images show the first floods in the Sahara in half a century\", The Guardian Fri 11 Oct 2024, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2024\/oct\/11\/dramatic-images-show-the-first-floods-in-the-sahara-in-half-a-century\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2024\/oct\/11\/dramatic-images-show-the-first-floods-in-the-sahara-in-half-a-century\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[6] \"Saudi Arabian Desert's First Ever Snowfall Shown in Photos\", Newsweek Nov 11, 2024, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/saudi-arabian-desert-first-ever-snowfall-photos-1983839\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/saudi-arabian-desert-first-ever-snowfall-photos-1983839\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[7] Anuradha K. Herath, “How Earth's Orbit Shaped the Sahara”, Space.com, 21 December 2010, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/10527-earth-orbit-shaped-sahara.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.space.com\/10527-earth-orbit-shaped-sahara.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/7096797123787606389\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2025\/02\/the-sioux-prophecy-of-white-buffalo.html#comment-form","title":"6 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/7096797123787606389"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/7096797123787606389"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2025\/02\/the-sioux-prophecy-of-white-buffalo.html","title":"The Sioux Prophecy of the White Buffalo Calf Woman came true in 2024"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgX-iXBNRT89s1kERq0tb3VKmwqw7_d-ZAvC55c_AMvx0981XcL1C7CPgzn3NuGQoUEVHJx5gxEWrCesLJhe7sLh8eke9gYb20LT3byrtmwk5uayvq0eGoF_drazGhpyHdPBmKWDpr9fCWp1T_neGyHZQAhwF4qujXZDbE-7m4BVcNlQIwxBJX8m_-jZ-8\/s72-c\/White%20Buffalo%20Calf%20woman%20featured%20small.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"6"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-1215584282932750232"},"published":{"$t":"2024-12-28T13:57:00.004+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2025-08-02T12:48:26.715+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Did we live for Hundreds of Years in the Higher Yugas? Yes, we probably did!"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgsLbr4h3FVAQUtQZ_5-RCLL60BKM3-uki9algejpZFtKVnmWk8f3fi8zgMUnYM56VRGMzh8XykZeiO0FnsHGmbvQLXMHXjfDEKBsl5qmsKPywKTXwmk7pM2efQuHE019c4z1v2LgOZPZDf9GnFqJ2Pq8K_vT6dn31L3y2_uBpQKhX_YPdfaNcVZDMTgLI\/s600\/Ancient%20Sage%20thumbnail.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"336\" data-original-width=\"600\" height=\"179\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgsLbr4h3FVAQUtQZ_5-RCLL60BKM3-uki9algejpZFtKVnmWk8f3fi8zgMUnYM56VRGMzh8XykZeiO0FnsHGmbvQLXMHXjfDEKBsl5qmsKPywKTXwmk7pM2efQuHE019c4z1v2LgOZPZDf9GnFqJ2Pq8K_vT6dn31L3y2_uBpQKhX_YPdfaNcVZDMTgLI\/s320\/Ancient%20Sage%20thumbnail.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003ENote: This article is based on information from my book, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, and was first published on Mysterious Universe (https:\/\/mysteriousuniverse.org\/)\u003C\/i\u003E \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe legends and folklore of many cultures assert that humans lived much longer in the bygone ages – for some hundreds of years, in fact, – which seems difficult for most people to accept in the modern day, considering that the average lifespan today is around 80 years or so. As per the Yuga Cycle doctrine of ancient India, the average lifespan gradually declines as we move from the higher Yugas to the lower Yugas. The \u003Ci\u003ELaws of Manu\u003C\/i\u003E declares that, \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“(Men are) free from disease, accomplish all their aims, and live four hundred years in the Krita age (Satya Yuga), but in the Treta and (in each of) the succeeding (ages) their life is lessened by one quarter.”[1]\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003EThis passage tells us that, humans lived 400 years in the Satya Yuga (Golden Age), 300 years in the Treta Yuga (Silver Age), 200 years in the Dwapara Yuga (Bronze Age) and 100 years in the Kali Yuga (Iron Age). The Satya Yuga or Golden Age corresponds to the antediluvian period, for, as per the Indian legends, the Great Flood, in which the righteous King Manu was the sole survivor, had occurred at the end of the Satya Yuga or Golden Age.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThus, as per the Yuga Cycle doctrine, average human lifespan was 400 years in the antediluvian period, while in the postdiluvian period it kept on decreasing gradually until it reached 100 years in the Kali Yuga, which is the current age of greed and lies, strife and discord, when human consciousness touches rock bottom.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi6IVlasWZbDz3pCk09LuMTbi0kCsIjNPKRRnTgMSiLtQblyj59n6l4cpm-RAqBI4CKqlUcdp3QTtzdKa9VXGpkqoPSwP1GlNRJRajZ1WMHtQFCKlEs2gje7JlyjnIqiSPw-cGlfLP_YgiKlw3nVnkoC2jzlHATt7hc9u7qqw6MVbBilxuWcO4221ZtYUg\/s1080\/Matsya%20pulls%20a%20boat%20carrying%20Manu%20and%20Saptarishi%20during%20Pralaya,%20Hindi%20Gita%20Press%20Mahabharata,%20Wikimedia%20Commons,%20Public%20Domain%20edit.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"King Manu, along with the Seven Sages, escaping the Flood\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"787\" data-original-width=\"1080\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi6IVlasWZbDz3pCk09LuMTbi0kCsIjNPKRRnTgMSiLtQblyj59n6l4cpm-RAqBI4CKqlUcdp3QTtzdKa9VXGpkqoPSwP1GlNRJRajZ1WMHtQFCKlEs2gje7JlyjnIqiSPw-cGlfLP_YgiKlw3nVnkoC2jzlHATt7hc9u7qqw6MVbBilxuWcO4221ZtYUg\/w640-h466\/Matsya%20pulls%20a%20boat%20carrying%20Manu%20and%20Saptarishi%20during%20Pralaya,%20Hindi%20Gita%20Press%20Mahabharata,%20Wikimedia%20Commons,%20Public%20Domain%20edit.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 1: The King Manu, along with the Seven Sages (Saptarishis) on a \nboat pulled by a great fish (Matsya), during the Deluge at the end of \nthe Satya Yuga. Source: Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe information in the \u003Ci\u003ELaws of Manu\u003C\/i\u003E is in alignment with the extremely long lifespans of the Biblical patriarchs in the \u003Ci\u003EGenesis\u003C\/i\u003E. The term “patriarchs” is broadly used to refer to the twenty male ancestor-figures between Adam and Abraham. The first ten of them are known as the “antediluvian patriarchs”, who lived before the Flood.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Genesis[2] states that the average lifespan of the antediluvian patriarchs was around 900 years. The list includes Adam (930), Seth (912), Enos (905), Cainan (910), Mahalaleel (895), Jared (962), Enoch (365), Methuselah (969), Lamech (787) and Noah (950). Noah was the last patriarch of the antediluvian period who lived for 600 years before the Flood and 350 years after the Flood - adding up to a lifespan of 950 years.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the post-Flood period, the lifespans of the patriarchs kept on decreasing till the time of Abraham, and even after him. From Noah to Abraham there are ten postdiluvian patriarchs. They are: Shem (600), Arphaxad (438), Salah (433), Eber (464), Peleg (239), Reu (239), Serug (230), Nahor (148), Terah (205), and Abraham (175). Abraham was followed by Ishmael (137), Isaac (180), Jacob (147) and Joseph (110), all of whom lived in the first half of the 2nd millennium BCE i.e. between 2000 – 1500 BCE.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiQ9WVuw8qPK4aRXcEP9wQDyObdfQP1VPbtblKERLLTByf6I3nMqUYWNtDNGtbgfw_B8Oe_LpWbyHRCaeoRmHQfOWW9OH4eAdqCAmAgijvzOUg5cXR69nt26PdYLnmHb-4gu-inNZMtfphKSXeI_eO4TpfvmB-t9IDpIF30QhM2J1w5ZCepU8nv0xVS200\/s1002\/noah's%20ark%20peakpx.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"686\" data-original-width=\"1002\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiQ9WVuw8qPK4aRXcEP9wQDyObdfQP1VPbtblKERLLTByf6I3nMqUYWNtDNGtbgfw_B8Oe_LpWbyHRCaeoRmHQfOWW9OH4eAdqCAmAgijvzOUg5cXR69nt26PdYLnmHb-4gu-inNZMtfphKSXeI_eO4TpfvmB-t9IDpIF30QhM2J1w5ZCepU8nv0xVS200\/w640-h438\/noah's%20ark%20peakpx.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 2: The Flood of Noah, at the end of the Golden Age. Source:peakpx, Free Image\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs per the Yuga Cycle framework that I have presented in my book, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, the Golden Age or the antediluvian period ended in 10,876 BCE, with the onset of the 1200-year Younger Dryas period, which the Greeks referred to as Kataklysmos, meaning “Deluge”, or the “great winter” of the Great Year. It was during the period of Kataklysmos or Younger Dryas that the earth was impacted by a long sequence of 26 comets, as described in the Sanskrit text \u003Ci\u003EAdbhuta-sagara\u003C\/i\u003E. The impact events precipitated a period of freezing cold temperatures, while the second comet in this sequence caused the Great Flood recounted in the flood legends of many cultures. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhhCesK17Yr1CfJRMt1pdJeFFI5rWNHuN7zwjkhDw_UMJje6IJHa-GvunY-XoEIHFm8kLrQf_lhOAd1J_W_Z7hyphenhyphen0PuKk2UG9yK4AcmshHbLRXwqTdhVBoMZfd3gU2XGtWyxOlPdT9uud2vx5Fa4PmB7kzbLPClN_vMRvZcCxGg5odu2_nHO4w9bOjee0kA\/s1400\/39%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years2.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The 25,800-year Yuga Cycle\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1135\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"518\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhhCesK17Yr1CfJRMt1pdJeFFI5rWNHuN7zwjkhDw_UMJje6IJHa-GvunY-XoEIHFm8kLrQf_lhOAd1J_W_Z7hyphenhyphen0PuKk2UG9yK4AcmshHbLRXwqTdhVBoMZfd3gU2XGtWyxOlPdT9uud2vx5Fa4PmB7kzbLPClN_vMRvZcCxGg5odu2_nHO4w9bOjee0kA\/w640-h518\/39%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years2.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 3: The 25,800-year Yuga Cycle. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThus, what the data in the \u003Ci\u003ELaws of Manu \u003C\/i\u003Eor the \u003Ci\u003EGenesis\u003C\/i\u003E tells us is that humans lived hundreds of years prior to 10,876 BE. As per the \u003Ci\u003ELaws of Manu\u003C\/i\u003E, average human lifespan during this time was 400 years, while the \u003Ci\u003EGenesis\u003C\/i\u003E states that the eminent spiritual figures of this time lived for 900 years or so. But after 9676 BCE, i.e. in the Holocene or post-glacial period, average lifespan kept on declining until it reached around 110 years in c.1500 BCE.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESince we have an ingrained tendency to look at the past in the context of our present circumstances, the dominant tendency in scientific and academic circles is to disregard such data as being mythical. But that is not a rational way of looking at the past.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHuman lifespan is governed by a number of different factors such as genetics, environmental conditions, prevalence of diseases, healthcare, diet, lifestyle, stress, exercise, exposure to harmful radiation etc. None of these factors have remained constant over time. Human genes have been constantly mutating, the ecosphere has degraded significantly, diseases have multiplied, and people are leading increasingly sedentary and stressful lives and consuming unhealthy food. The amount of harmful radiation that we are exposed to on a daily basis, which responsible for many kinds of diseases and accelerates our aging – such as cosmic rays, UV rays and the background radiation from the soil and rocks of the earth – may not have remained constant over time either, and they may be fluctuating in a manner that we don’t fully understand.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe problem is compounded by the fact that human skeletal remains – which have been found in large numbers for the Holocene period - cannot be analyzed to find out how long a person had lived. The only way to validate these claims is by looking at extant historical records, of which, unfortunately, we don’t have a great deal.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Chinese Shujing (meaning “Classic of History”) is a compilation of records related to events in China’s history, covering a total of 88 generations. As per these records, the first 7 emperors, who ruled from 2953 BCE – 2255 BCE had an average reign length of 95 years.[3] If we assume that the average age of the emperors at the time of ascension to the throne was 25 years, the average lifespan during this period was around 120 years.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy around 100 BCE, however, the average reign lengths of the rulers of the Xiong Nu Dynasty (obtained from other historical sources) had come down to only 12 years, which works out to an average lifespan of around 37 years, assuming ascension to the throne at the age of 25. Thus, the average lifespan of Chinese emperors had declined from roughly 120 years at around 2900 BCE to only 37 years at around 100 BCE.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne might imagine that the ancient Egyptians must have left behind tons of inscriptional evidence about the lifespans of their pharaohs, which can help us to figure out if their lifespan was on a decline in the Bronze Age. As it turns out, the Egyptian funerary art and stelae contain hardly any information about the dates of birth or death, or the ages at which the pharaohs had died. Only a few documents indicate that 110 years was the ideal Egyptian lifespan,[4] which is very close to the 100 years average lifespan in the Kali Yuga, mentioned in the Laws of Manu.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECertain pharaohs of the Old Kingdom approached this ideal Egyptian lifespan. For instance, King Pepi II Neferkare of the 6th Dynasty (Old Kingdom, c. 2250 BCE) lived for a 100 years, and ruled for 96 of them. One of his provincial governors, Pepiankh, lived till the age of 100, for, on his tomb, the following text was inscribed: “I spent a lifetime until a hundred years among the living, in possession of my faculties.”[5]\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt appears that, during the Old Kingdom (c. 2686 BCE – 2181 BCE) at least, some people reached close to the ideal Egyptian lifespan of 110 years.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg7bWYEkzkyvzCcETCjfVp6BzAtxV8bkpApahXdfXU62pfrJHv1mNvBMlJNET4qA2ks_mp4p5IFSLIbpfxp35r3U8GLFn01I2P8uZzjwzl6BO61-1vOEQvFKK_6pBT2_FOZ2knnvpz2Sed-f3ZgYHZL1ynFdH1AxBm2idh2soYKXcqql9za2cTUNwK-Cek\/s1109\/Pepi%20II%20seated%20on%20the%20lap%20of%20his%20mother%20Queen%20Ankhnes-meryre%20II,%20c%202288%20ro%202224%20BCE,%20Brroklyn%20Museum,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1109\" data-original-width=\"1011\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg7bWYEkzkyvzCcETCjfVp6BzAtxV8bkpApahXdfXU62pfrJHv1mNvBMlJNET4qA2ks_mp4p5IFSLIbpfxp35r3U8GLFn01I2P8uZzjwzl6BO61-1vOEQvFKK_6pBT2_FOZ2knnvpz2Sed-f3ZgYHZL1ynFdH1AxBm2idh2soYKXcqql9za2cTUNwK-Cek\/w365-h400\/Pepi%20II%20seated%20on%20the%20lap%20of%20his%20mother%20Queen%20Ankhnes-meryre%20II,%20c%202288%20ro%202224%20BCE,%20Brroklyn%20Museum,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" width=\"365\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 5: Pepi II seated on the lap of his mother Queen Ankhnes-meryre II, c 2288 ro 2224 BCE, Brroklyn Museum, Public Domain\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWe must remember that there is a difference between lifespan and life expectancy. Lifespan tells us how long a person may expect to live once he gets past the fragile childhood years. Life expectancy, on the other hand, is computed after accounting for child mortality rates. Most Bronze Age societies had poor survival rates among children, which lowered their life expectancy. Historians generally say that people in ancient Egypt had a life expectancy of around 35 years. This does not mean that Egyptians started falling down and dying in their thirties. It means that infant mortality rates were very high. The Egyptian ideal lifespan of 110 years tells us how long an Egyptian could have expected to live, once he got past the childhood years.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy the Ptolemaic period (c.305 – 30 BCE), when Egypt was under Roman rule, average lifespan had fallen far below the ideal age of 110 years. During the Ptolemaic period, dates of birth and death were recorded, which show that the average age at death was 54 years for men and 58 for women.[6] This is comparable to the lifespan of the Romans at this time.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnthropologist John Hawks of the University of Wisconsin Madison, wrote in a web post that, “A rough estimate (gleaned from tomb inscriptions that give ages) is that half of Romans who lived to age 15 – and therefore escaped child mortality – were dead before age 45.”[7] This implies that the median lifespan of the Romans was around 45 years. The average lifespan would have been close to this value.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EClearly, average lifespan was declining throughout the Bronze Age, which corresponds to the descending Kali Yuga. It may have hit rock bottom during the Greek Dark Ages (c. 1200 – 800 BCE), and then began to slowly increase. However, at the moment, we don't know exactly when the reversal took place.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOver the past 2000-odd years of the historical era or the ascending Kali Yuga, average lifespan has been steadily rising. Historical records show that, in the UK, from 1200 CE to 1745, 21-year-olds would reach an average age of anywhere between 62-70 years, which can be taken as a measure of the lifespan. Today, the infant mortality rates have reduced so drastically that the life expectancy for a newborn in the UK is 81 years, while the life expectancy for a 20-year-old (i.e. the lifespan) is 82 years.[8]\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThus, the data from the UK indicates that average lifespan has increased steadily from 62 years to 82 years over a period of nearly 800 years from 1200 CE till now. This parallels the increase in physical stature of humans during the ascending Kali Yuga (or Iron Age), which began in c.676 BCE, as I have described in the \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/12\/why-did-humans-become-smaller.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eprevious article\u003C\/a\u003E, and in my book, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe increase in average lifespan and physical stature during the ascending Kali Yuga is only to be expected, since the ascending Kali Yuga is a time of increasing material prosperity, and if you are bigger and stronger and live longer you can work more and accumulate more wealth. However, our cranial capacity has continued to decline throughout the descending Yuga Cycle starting from c.9676 BCE, as I have described in an \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/12\/the-shocking-decline-in-human-cranial.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eearlier article\u003C\/a\u003E, and in \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E. This explains the ongoing degradation in our consciousness in the Kali Yuga.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThus, the historical and archaeological data available to us indicate that human lifespan was declining during the Bronze Age, staged a reversal sometime after the Greek Dark Ages (c.1200 BCE – 800 BCE) had ended, and started increasing during the Iron Age. Let me summarize some of the key pieces of information that we just discussed:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe Chinese Shujing (“Classic of History”) shows that average lifespan of Chinese rulers had declined from 120 years between 2953 BCE – 2255 BCE, to around 37 years at 100 BCE.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe Egyptian records show that during the Old Kingdom (c. 2686 BCE – 2181 BCE), some people reached close to the ideal Egyptian lifespan of 110 years. However, by the Ptolemaic period (c.305 – 30 BCE), the average lifespan of Egyptian men had come down to 54 years. The average lifespan of Romans during the same period was around 45 years.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe data from the UK shows that average lifespan has increased steadily from 62 years to 82 years, over a period of nearly 800 years, from 1200 CE till now.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003ESince lifespan had been declining during the Bronze Age, it is possible that the people living in the higher Yugas had longer lifespans. And, since we are currently living in a time of increasing lifespan, at some point in the future human lifespan could become much longer.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEven though the average lifespan today is around 80 years, an unusually high percentage of seniors on Japan’s Okinawa Island live more than 100 years, which is the average for the Kali Yuga. People there suffer from low levels of heart disease, cancer and dementia, and remain very active well past 100. The secret: they have not been unduly influenced by the unhealthy beliefs and practices of the modern,\u0026nbsp; money-obsessed civilization.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj-zBlmdLpOoKhgrYFHccEscKieflreRUmISNWmGU8d89lOTGNYotCHI9b9wjV5GPfgbGkmWMkCIe0PZTPDM-T1gVOayPsZF0ZNkX0HChbXypbIFAoKBKVNdBskfxHOEKUyycHJvQRJC-pvX0z3VsbKhdFPhsiV0DGbru9HcW2qptspeAsUU2UFKvpufiw\/s1400\/Japanese%20woman%20from%20Okinawa%20who%20is%20well%20past%20100.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"933\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj-zBlmdLpOoKhgrYFHccEscKieflreRUmISNWmGU8d89lOTGNYotCHI9b9wjV5GPfgbGkmWMkCIe0PZTPDM-T1gVOayPsZF0ZNkX0HChbXypbIFAoKBKVNdBskfxHOEKUyycHJvQRJC-pvX0z3VsbKhdFPhsiV0DGbru9HcW2qptspeAsUU2UFKvpufiw\/w640-h426\/Japanese%20woman%20from%20Okinawa%20who%20is%20well%20past%20100.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 5: A Japanese centenarian woman from the island of Okinawa, radiating warmth and wisdom. Source: Adobe Stock.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs this BBC article[9] explains, people in Okinawa are motivated on a daily basis by a sense of purpose, or \u003Ci\u003Eikigai\u003C\/i\u003E, which gives meaning to their lives. They have social support groups called \u003Ci\u003Emoai\u003C\/i\u003E that start in their childhood and extend into their 100s. They regularly meet with their moai to gossip, play, share advice and provide emotional or financial support. Okinawans try to stay happy and fun-loving, and regularly exert their bodies in low-intensity exercise such as cooking and gardening, which also allows them to reconnect with nature. Their diet is rich in vegetables and antioxidant foods, and they only eat until they feel 80% full, which aligns with the ancient wisdom advising against overeating.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003EIn other words, it is by living in tune with ancient wisdom and the traditional way of life that the people of Okinawa manage to remain healthy, happy, and active well past 100 years. \u003C\/i\u003EIt goes without saying that the average lifespan today for all of us would have touched the Kali Yuga average of 100 years, had it not been for the fact that our lives are immersed in the toxic fruits of modernity.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe historical information available to us today suggests that human lifespan is fluctuating in a sinusoidal manner in tandem with the 25,800-year Yuga Cycle, and, it is very likely that the information in the \u003Ci\u003ELaws of Manu\u003C\/i\u003E and the \u003Ci\u003EGenesis\u003C\/i\u003E are based on actual historical data.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReferences\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E[1] The Laws of Manu, tr. G. Buhler, Chapter I, verse 83, from sacred-texts\u003Cbr \/\u003E[2] Genesis 5-11.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[3] Walter Cruttenden, Lost Star of Myth and Time, St. Lynn’s Press, 2006, p. 263.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[4] Marie Parsons, “Old Age in Ancient Egypt”, \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.touregypt.net\/featurestories\/oldage.htm\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.touregypt.net\/featurestories\/oldage.htm\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[5] Ibid.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[6] Ibid.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[7] John Hawks, “Human lifespans have not been constant for the last 2000 years”,\u0026nbsp; \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/johnhawks.net\/weblog\/reviews\/life_history\/age-specific-mortality-lifespan-bad-science-2009.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttp:\/\/johnhawks.net\/weblog\/reviews\/life_history\/age-specific-mortality-lifespan-bad-science-2009.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[8] “Life Expectancy”, Our World In Data, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/life-expectancy\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/life-expectancy\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[9] Keith Bedford \u0026amp; Shiho Fukada, \"Okinawa: The island of almost-eternal youth\" BBC 28 November 2020, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/travel\/article\/20201126-why-so-many-japanese-live-to-100\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.bbc.com\/travel\/article\/20201126-why-so-many-japanese-live-to-100\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/1215584282932750232\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/12\/did-we-live-for-hundreds-of-years-in.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/1215584282932750232"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/1215584282932750232"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/12\/did-we-live-for-hundreds-of-years-in.html","title":"Did we live for Hundreds of Years in the Higher Yugas? Yes, we probably did!"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgsLbr4h3FVAQUtQZ_5-RCLL60BKM3-uki9algejpZFtKVnmWk8f3fi8zgMUnYM56VRGMzh8XykZeiO0FnsHGmbvQLXMHXjfDEKBsl5qmsKPywKTXwmk7pM2efQuHE019c4z1v2LgOZPZDf9GnFqJ2Pq8K_vT6dn31L3y2_uBpQKhX_YPdfaNcVZDMTgLI\/s72-c\/Ancient%20Sage%20thumbnail.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-5454445325587761324"},"published":{"$t":"2024-12-22T00:20:00.007+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2025-08-02T12:49:49.214+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Why did we become smaller, unhealthier and violent over the past 12,000 years?"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhHcMDj1hXiA6koNQhH05iO6IH5zjBOHdgw38CxfMTVl1obqXKVvmOQeM1YETppp-FiRiErzzl4671WbBDWoWB6uGj1H5w2t76a8ht6MfiJnoXy6uB91a-Jili_QNlazX_gufp2BKY09KPLVBLzb3N6jHY9JV3RT3aPdUzk8cXfunGMMew9GE-KzrTJqwU\/s600\/human%20height%20decline%20thumbnail.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"309\" data-original-width=\"600\" height=\"165\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhHcMDj1hXiA6koNQhH05iO6IH5zjBOHdgw38CxfMTVl1obqXKVvmOQeM1YETppp-FiRiErzzl4671WbBDWoWB6uGj1H5w2t76a8ht6MfiJnoXy6uB91a-Jili_QNlazX_gufp2BKY09KPLVBLzb3N6jHY9JV3RT3aPdUzk8cXfunGMMew9GE-KzrTJqwU\/s320\/human%20height%20decline%20thumbnail.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003ENote: This article has been extracted from my book, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen we read the ancient legends and folktales, we constantly hear about how the heroes of the bygone ages were big and phenomenally strong. And I am not talking about the Greek demigods here, who were supposedly as tall as 15 feet, as per the classical Greco-Roman writers. I am talking about normal human beings. Pliny the Elder wrote in \u003Ci\u003ENatural History\u003C\/i\u003E, \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“But it is almost a matter of observation that with the entire human race the stature on the whole is becoming smaller daily, and that few men are taller than their fathers...Moreover, the famous bard Homer nearly 1000 years ago never ceased to lament that mortals were smaller of stature than in the old days.”[1]\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003EA similar belief was held by the ancient Indians. In the \u003Ci\u003EMahabharata\u003C\/i\u003E, the sage Markandeya tells Yudhisthira, “Know, O Yudhisthira, that the period of life, the energy, intellect and the physical strength of men decrease in every Yuga!”[2] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAn interesting story in the Sanskrit text, \u003Ci\u003EVishnu Purana\u003C\/i\u003E, illustrates this. A wise king of the Satya Yuga called Raivata had a lovely daughter called Revati. Unable to find anyone worthy of her hand, King Raivata went with his daughter to the celestial realm of Brahma, in order to consult the god regarding a suitable bridegroom. When they arrived, Brahma was listening to a musical performance. So, they waited till the performance was over. After the performance, Raivata prostrated himself before Brahma, explained his purpose, and presented a list of bridegrooms with whom he would be pleased. Brahma then smiled at him graciously, and said:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“Of those whom you have named the third or fourth generation no longer survives, for many successions of ages have passed away whilst you were listening to our songsters: now upon earth the twenty-eighth great age of the present Manu is nearly finished, and the Kali period is at hand. You must therefore bestow this virgin gem upon some other husband, for you are now alone, and your friends, your ministers, servants, wife, kinsmen, armies, and treasures, have long since been swept away by the hand of time.”[3]\u003C\/blockquote\u003EBrahma then told Raivata that the Creator Vishnu was incarnate on earth at that particular time in the forms of Krishna and his brother Balarama. He advised Raivata to confer the hand of his daughter to Balarama. When Raivata returned to earth, \u003Cb\u003E“he found the race of men dwindled in stature, reduced in vigor, and enfeebled in intellect.”\u003C\/b\u003E Returning to the city of Kusasthali, he bestowed his daughter’s hand on Balarama. “Beholding the damsel of excessively lofty height, the chief (i.e. Balarama), whose banner is a palm-tree, shortened her with the end of his ploughshare, and she became his wife.”\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWithout breaking our heads over how Balarama managed to shorten Revati with his plough, let us take note of a key message in the story; and that is, Revati, a lady of the Satya Yuga, was taller than Balarama, who was a big and powerful warrior of the Dwapara Yuga.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe reference to time dilation in this story is also intriguing. King Revati and his daughter had spent only a few minutes in Brahma’s realm, but, by that time, thousands of Earth-years had elapsed. The phenomenon of time dilation, was discovered in the early 20th century by Einstein. As per Einstein’s relativistic principles, time slows down for someone who is travelling at a high speed, or has reached a different star system with a higher gravity. But, our ancestors were aware of time dilation thousands of years before modern physicists figured it out. How do you explain that?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen I started to hunt for information about human stature in the past, I was astonished by what I found out. A wealth of scientific data from multiple regions of the world reveals the exact same trend: humans, in general, have shrunk in size by at least 10% since the end of the last Ice Age!\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe measurements of height for the Eastern Mediterranean region, documented by anthropologist J.L. Angel[4] of the Smithsonian Institution in 1984, shows that a continuous decline in average height for both males and females occurred since the Paleolithic period (earlier than 9000 BCE) till the Middle People (2000 – 1500 BCE) or Middle Bronze Age, after which there has been a slight increase in average heights.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the image below, I have done a rough mapping between the time periods in Angel’s classification to the Yuga Cycle timeline presented in my book \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjeHCSNRgi7Q4eaO6CM8p1joyLHv86T0VXl_05MvhktH-18R3soqZsqUxyHF1lsHOJT5kTIhc33AXCRQdJxcnCNDnHn8NtG7cRwpkX3OYPhzj2yCsaE2K_c-nbPAE137fgIOHWFKnQ6pBSi9Ra-qR_SgXqnL-vk1Fa9NN0MxGW_GTrLrUAYS7tAAVvrhYE\/s1397\/Decline%20in%20height%20in%20Eastern%20Mediterranean%20mapped%20to%20Yuga%20Cycle.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Change in Height in the Eastern Mediterranean region, mapped to the Yuga Cycle\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"819\" data-original-width=\"1397\" height=\"376\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjeHCSNRgi7Q4eaO6CM8p1joyLHv86T0VXl_05MvhktH-18R3soqZsqUxyHF1lsHOJT5kTIhc33AXCRQdJxcnCNDnHn8NtG7cRwpkX3OYPhzj2yCsaE2K_c-nbPAE137fgIOHWFKnQ6pBSi9Ra-qR_SgXqnL-vk1Fa9NN0MxGW_GTrLrUAYS7tAAVvrhYE\/w640-h376\/Decline%20in%20height%20in%20Eastern%20Mediterranean%20mapped%20to%20Yuga%20Cycle.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 1: Change in Height in centimeters the Eastern Mediterranean \nregion, mapped to the Yuga Cycle timeline. Source: Angel, 1984.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiyHiyWxE5QuzRC4O5hvM4EkaBUPT7PxQlkDuHvU_LrBqB3Mu4x2rpKOP-aVFq_LEwerxZTS7JxNor_kq_86gd2hwBdn931_vx5TiWZEFe0T2H4bgcJiIXzVmA07jCYOj1_2cwc_juQbWuYqhzcksE_6QuwQR_iYXWaptYurJf6DwGNuBSpI3aP9D-AAok\/s1400\/39%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years2.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The complete Yuga Cycle of 25,800 years\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1135\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"518\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiyHiyWxE5QuzRC4O5hvM4EkaBUPT7PxQlkDuHvU_LrBqB3Mu4x2rpKOP-aVFq_LEwerxZTS7JxNor_kq_86gd2hwBdn931_vx5TiWZEFe0T2H4bgcJiIXzVmA07jCYOj1_2cwc_juQbWuYqhzcksE_6QuwQR_iYXWaptYurJf6DwGNuBSpI3aP9D-AAok\/w640-h518\/39%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years2.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 2: The complete Yuga Cycle of 25,800 years, with the 1200-year \nperiods of Kataklysmos and Ekpyrosis. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWe can make an interesting observation from the data collected by Angel. The table indicates that the average height of a female in the Paleolithic or Satya Yuga (i.e. earlier than 9000 BCE in Angel’s classification) was 166.5 cm, while that of a male in the late Neolithic (5000 – 3000 BCE) or late Dwapara Yuga was 161.3 cm. This means that, on an average, \u003Cb\u003Ea Satya Yuga lady was taller than a Dwapara Yuga man by 5.2 cm or 2 inches.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhy is this important? Because, as per the story in the \u003Ci\u003EVishnu Purana\u003C\/i\u003E that I had related earlier, the princess Revati, who belonged to the Satya Yuga, was taller than the heroic Balarama who lived in the late Dwapara Yuga. However, the height difference was not very significant, only around 2 inches. Which is why, in spite of being taller than Balarama, Revati got married to him. Clearly, the Vishnu Purana is spot on in this case.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjcAqm3nE4MF3qJ_IAD8zI0YN93xqzk2FdNj4o8jBfVBa7bRlihDGhbEAGZQ7spfIXDaq8-Y6VtHxgH57E1l5lON-XZAAKHqVj_yIrEnRyZ-rtJ34ueuS74Zvo0Xei61mWQUw6vgClxFQ2NTaKGDGAto90HKcZXdE3U2IKdSlr56om3uxjoWt6WHkXEoHg\/s1400\/34%20Change%20of%20Height%20in%20the%20Eastern%20Mediterranean%20Yuga%20Cycle.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Change in Height in the Eastern Mediterranean region, based on Angel, 1984\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"903\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"412\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjcAqm3nE4MF3qJ_IAD8zI0YN93xqzk2FdNj4o8jBfVBa7bRlihDGhbEAGZQ7spfIXDaq8-Y6VtHxgH57E1l5lON-XZAAKHqVj_yIrEnRyZ-rtJ34ueuS74Zvo0Xei61mWQUw6vgClxFQ2NTaKGDGAto90HKcZXdE3U2IKdSlr56om3uxjoWt6WHkXEoHg\/w640-h412\/34%20Change%20of%20Height%20in%20the%20Eastern%20Mediterranean%20Yuga%20Cycle.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 3: Change in Height in the Eastern Mediterranean region, based on Angel, 1984. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe graph based on Angel’s data for the Eastern Mediterranean region shows a gradual decline in heights of both males and females till the Late Bronze Age, which is exactly what you would expect as per the Yuga Cycle doctrine. However, there are a couple of anomalies in the trend. Firstly, there was a temporary dip in only male heights between 5000 to 3000 BCE, which may be due to lack of proper sample data for males.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESecond, there was a distinct spike in both average male and female heights around 1450 BCE. How do we explain this? Going by the Yuga Cycle model, average height should have gradually decreased till around 1000 BCE, since the period of transition between the descending and the ascending Kali Yuga extended from 976 - 676 BCE, overlapping with the Greek Dark Ages. After that, the average heights should steadily increase in the ascending Kali Yuga. The second part of the hypothesis is clearly reflected in the data. In case of both males and females, the mean heights show a gradual upward trend since the Classic Period (c.650 BCE) till the Roman Period.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe only anomaly is the small bump in the graph for both males and females at around 1450 BCE. What could be the reason for this?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI believe this is probably due to gene flow into the Eastern Mediterranean region from other parts of the world, which altered the local trend. Around 2800 BCE, the Yamnaya – a group of nomads from the steppes of southern Russia and eastern Ukraine – began to move west with their wagons and cattle herds. Within a few centuries, Yamnaya DNA had spread all over Europe. In some places, such as Britain and Germany, there was a substantial replacement of the Neolithic farmers by the Yamnaya. The Yamnaya also spread out over the Eastern Mediterranean region. Since they were of a tall built, it is possible that they increased the average height of the population, which caused the small spike in the graph at around 1450 BCE. Within a few generations, however, the effect of this sudden gene infusion smoothened out, and the average heights reverted back to the local trend.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOverall, the data for the Eastern Mediterranean region shows a striking correlation with an important tenet of the Yuga Cycle. There is clear decline in average height for both males and females, since the end of the Satya Yuga till the middle part of the descending Kali Yuga, followed by an upward trend in average height after the beginning of the ascending Kali Yuga.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the modern day, the average height of males in the Eastern Mediterranean countries such as Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus, Greece and Egypt is close to 170 cm for males, which is just 1 cm more than that during the Imperial Roman period.[5] This, means average height has continued to increase throughout the ascending Kali Yuga, albeit at a very slow rate.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe reason why average height increased during the ascending Kali Yuga is because, it is an important determinant of our wealth and prosperity. If you are bigger and stronger, you can work harder and accumulate more wealth. The ascending Kali Yuga brings about an increase in our material prosperity, but the decline in the state of our consciousness continues unabated throughout the entire Kali Yuga.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis demonstrates the importance of the Yuga Cycle model in correctly understanding and interpreting many aspects of our prehistory, which may, otherwise, be appear to be a confusing mess when looked though the lens of the linear model of human progress and evolution.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA similar reduction in height took place during the Holocene period in Central and Northeast Europe. Michael Hermanussen notes in his paper “Stature of early Europeans” that,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“Upper Paleolithic males (before 16,000 BC) were tall and slim (mean height 179 cm, estimated average body weight 67 kg)…Late Upper Paleolithic males (8000 – 6600 BC) were of medium stature and robusticity (mean height 166 cm, estimated average body weight 62 kg)…Stature further decreased to below 165 cm with estimated body weight of 64 kg in Neolithic males of the Linear Band Pottery Culture (5500–4500 BC)…The body stature of European males remained within the range of 165 to 170 cm up to the end of the 19th century.”[6]\u003C\/blockquote\u003EPutting this data in the context of the Yuga Cycle, we can see that the mean height of European males declined from 179 cm in the ascending Satya Yuga (c.16000 BCE) to less than 165 cm towards the end of the descending Dwapara Yuga (c.4500 BCE), paralleling the reduction in male height in the Eastern Mediterranean region during this period.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMichael Hermanussen writes that, “The reasons for the shortening of body stature during the Warming of the European climate are essentially unknown.” Of course they are unknown! Because, we have deliberately painted the ancients as primitives, and discarded their sacred doctrines. And yet, when we look at the hard, scientific data, we find that they fit in snugly with Yuga Cycle model. We would find it a lot easier to understand our past if we gave our ancestors the respect that they deserve.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENot only did humans become shorter in the descending Yuga Cycle, there was a decline in strength and athleticism. Michael Hermanussen writes in his paper that, “Upper Paleolithic humans not only were taller and had more robust bones in comparison with the Linear Band Pottery Culture Neolithic people, they also had longer limbs, a shorter trunk and, similar to modern African people, very long forearms.” Hermanussen’s observations on nutrition and diseases is equally revealing:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“Paleolithic population density was small, there was enough food for everybody, and there is no evidence of major endemic diseases...During the Mesolithic, population density did not significantly increase, but there is evidence of increased migration, with multiple documents of violent deaths and new endemic diseases (malaria, hookworm).”[7] \u003C\/blockquote\u003EAs I mentioned, Paleolithic is the period prior to the Holocene (c.9600 BCE), which corresponds to the Satya Yuga. So, what the data shows is that, in the Satya Yuga or Golden Age, there was enough food for everybody, and there weren’t any major endemic diseases. Now where have we heard this before? In practically every ancient doctrine about the Yuga Cycle or the Cycle of the Ages of Man! In the Satya Yuga or Golden Age, there was no scarcity, everyone easily obtained the necessities of life, and there were no diseases, old age or suffering.\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Mesolithic is the period between Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic, which extended from roughly 9600 – 4500 BCE in Europe. So, it basically includes nearly the whole of the Treta and the Dwapara Yugas in the descending cycle. According to Hermanussen, multiple instances of violent deaths and endemic diseases were found during the Mesolithic. This corresponds exactly to what Hanuman had related to Bhima; that, in the Dwapara Yuga, due to the prevalence of sin, men suffer from various diseases and natural calamities. In the Ramayana and Mahabharata, as well as in Hesiod’s description of the Ages of Man, we find that people became aggressive and warlike in the Treta (Silver) and Dwapara (Bronze) Yugas.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a study done at the Cambridge University in 2014, researchers found that the leg bones of male farmers 7300 years ago (5300 BCE), were just as good as those of modern day cross-country runners.[8] “Even our most highly trained athletes pale in comparison to these ancestors of ours,” Dr. Colin Shaw told the \u003Ci\u003EOutside Magazine\u003C\/i\u003E. But, by 2300 BCE, leg bone structures had degraded so much that they resembled those of the couch potatoes of the Netflix-watching generation.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the context of the Yuga Cycle this means that the average farmer of the Dwapara Yuga could have easily outrun a highly trained modern athlete. An earlier study by the Cambridge University in 2011 had found that modern-day people are on an average 10 per cent shorter than their hunter-gatherer ancestors.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELet me summarize the key points that we just discussed, which are in perfect alignment with the tenets of the Yuga Cycle, but contradict the Darwinian principle of gradual evolution by natural selection:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe data from the Eastern Mediterranean region indicates that, since the end of the Satya Yuga (prior to 9000 BCE) till the middle of the descending Kali Yuga (2000 - 1500 BCE), the average height of males reduced by 4.3 inches, while that of females by 5.1 inches. In the ascending Kali Yuga, average height has been gradually increasing, but even now they are significantly less than that of our Satya Yuga ancestors.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EIn Eastern and Central Europe, the mean height of males declined from 179 cm in the ascending Satya Yuga (c.16000 BCE) to less than 165 cm towards the end of the descending Dwapara Yuga (c.4500 BCE). The body stature of European males remained within the range of 165 to 170 cm up to the end of the 19th century. On an average, modern-day people are 10 per cent smaller and shorter than their Satya Yuga ancestors.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe people of the ascending Satya Yuga (c.16000 BCE) had stronger bones, longer limbs, and very long forearms. The average farmer of the Dwapara Yuga (c.5300 BCE) could have easily outrun a highly trained modern athlete.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EDuring the ascending Satya Yuga (c.16000 BCE), there was enough food for everybody, and there weren’t any major diseases. In the Treta and Dwapara Yugas (9600 – 4500 BCE), food scarcity increased and multiple instances of violent deaths and endemic diseases were found.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is an almost word-for-word validation of the key tenets of the Yuga Cycle doctrine. And yet, hardly anybody knows about it. The scientists who study the data are so baffled by the progressive deterioration of the human race since the last Ice Age that they prefer to keep silent about it, for they are unable to explain this trend by taking recourse to their favored model of gradual evolution by natural selection.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe truth is that, evolution by natural selection is simply a myth that was invented without any verifiable scientific evidence and turned into an incontrovertible fact by continuous repetition. When we look at the hard scientific data, it becomes obvious that human physical size as well as the environmental conditions – as reflected in the availability of food and presence of diseases – fluctuates in a sinusoidal manner over the 25,800-year Yuga Cycle or precession cycle of the earth.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAll the ancient cultures knew about this, and it is only because we are languishing in the Kali Yuga – the age of darkness and ignorance – that we have lost sight of this basic truth, and there is, in fact, a deliberate effort to keep this information hidden from the public at large, and propagate the lie that we are standing at the pinnacle of human evolution and human civilization. As we head towards a tumultuous period of transition following the end of the Kali Yuga in 2025, it is time to recover the ancient wisdom and remember our true origins and purpose.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReferences\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E[1] Pliny, Natural History 7.73 -74.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[2] Mahabharata 3.189, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/hin\/m03\/m03189.htm\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/hin\/m03\/m03189.htm\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[3] Vishnu Purana 4.1, \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/hin\/vp\/vp093.htm\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/hin\/vp\/vp093.htm\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[4] Angel, 1984, taken from Michael Hermanussen, “Stature of early Europeans”, Hormones, 2003, Vol.2, No.3, pp. 175-178, \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.hormones.gr\/pdf\/Stature_europeans.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.hormones.gr\/pdf\/Stature_europeans.pdf\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[5] “Average human height by country”, Wikipedia.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[6] Michael Hermanussen, “Stature of early Europeans”, op. cit. \u003Cbr \/\u003E[7] Michael Hermanussen, “Stature of early Europeans”, op. cit.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[8] Sara Malm, Ellie Zolfagharifard, “How modern humans have become WEAKLINGS compared with our ancient ancestors who could outrun and outlift today's top athletes”, Daily Mail, 28 April 2014.\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/5454445325587761324\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/12\/why-did-humans-become-smaller.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/5454445325587761324"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/5454445325587761324"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/12\/why-did-humans-become-smaller.html","title":"Why did we become smaller, unhealthier and violent over the past 12,000 years?"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhHcMDj1hXiA6koNQhH05iO6IH5zjBOHdgw38CxfMTVl1obqXKVvmOQeM1YETppp-FiRiErzzl4671WbBDWoWB6uGj1H5w2t76a8ht6MfiJnoXy6uB91a-Jili_QNlazX_gufp2BKY09KPLVBLzb3N6jHY9JV3RT3aPdUzk8cXfunGMMew9GE-KzrTJqwU\/s72-c\/human%20height%20decline%20thumbnail.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-6557170361643723231"},"published":{"$t":"2024-12-11T13:27:00.005+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2025-08-02T12:51:42.371+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Shocking Decline in Human Cranial Capacity over the past 12,000 years"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgaLNUUZC3elpunCDPi9Gpz_w4d_xxOtyCHcVkaZzgWs27zh3vtce-37wxea1HRyIbYellVTTUbUFvHsKZHbCw-Lb4O-SJ_TUAjDTTa6hvRnBMwtjLjopbynpMOmVnpxq6DeTILkikjIHiz5hyCpDXfg0tgX33dwWgM41Se3tHP2bfgEbEO4Q-6Gx8GATw\/s519\/Human%20Skull%20thumbnail.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"330\" data-original-width=\"519\" height=\"203\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgaLNUUZC3elpunCDPi9Gpz_w4d_xxOtyCHcVkaZzgWs27zh3vtce-37wxea1HRyIbYellVTTUbUFvHsKZHbCw-Lb4O-SJ_TUAjDTTa6hvRnBMwtjLjopbynpMOmVnpxq6DeTILkikjIHiz5hyCpDXfg0tgX33dwWgM41Se3tHP2bfgEbEO4Q-6Gx8GATw\/s320\/Human%20Skull%20thumbnail.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003ENote: This article is extracted from my book, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E and was first published on Mysterious Universe (https:\/\/mysteriousuniverse.org\/)\u003C\/i\u003E \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne of the stories that most of us have grown up hearing is that the human species is continuously evolving to higher levels of intellect, by a gradual process of evolution by natural selection. It has been literally drilled into us that the modern human species i.e. Homo sapiens, has evolved over millions of years from ape-like ancestors.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe fundamental physical factor that drove the process of evolution was the increase in brain volume or cranial capacity, which, over time, led to a slew of innovations such as fire, tools, weapons, clothes, boats, shelter, burials, rock art, music, language etc. The cranial capacity is regarded as the most important indicator of IQ, since many studies using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain in individuals who were tested for IQ, found significant correlations between the size of cerebral structures and measures of intelligence.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENow, if this story were true, then even in the modern day we should have found that our cranial capacities are gradually increasing over time. Instead, a number of studies have revealed the exact opposite! The human brain has been consistently shrinking in volume over the past 12,000-odd years, since the end of the last Ice Age. We are dumber today than any time before in the Holocene era!\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn one of the early studies titled, “Decrease of Human Skull Size in the Holocene”, published in the \u003Ci\u003EHuman Biology\u003C\/i\u003E journal in 1988, scientists computed cranial capacity (CC) for \u003Cb\u003Enearly 9500 male crania and 3300 female crania\u003C\/b\u003E, originating from Europe and North Africa. The study found,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“Among male samples the peak CC (cranial capacity) occurred in the Mesolithic (1593 cc), the lowest value falls in modern times (1436 cc); in females sample timing is the same: Mesolithic maximum of 1502 cc and modern minimum of 1241 cc. For both males and females the decrease through time is smooth, statistically significant and inversely exponential. A decrease of 157 cc (9.9 % of the larger value) in males and of 261 cc (17.4 %) in females is a considerable one, of the order of magnitude comparable to the difference between averages for H. Erectus and H. Sapiens.”[1]\u003C\/blockquote\u003ESeparate studies conducted on large samples from Europe, the Near East, Africa, Japan and Australia have confirmed this general trend. Human cranial capacity has decreased by approx. 10% of its average value (i.e. 100-150 cc) since the Late Pleistocene until the early 20th century.[2] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf evolution by natural selection is consistently making us smarter then why did we lose such a large chunk of brain volume at a time when, supposedly, for the first time, humans transitioned from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to settled, agricultural communities that allowed the first great civilizations of the world to flourish?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne of the first recognizable members of the genus Homo is called Homo erectus (meaning “upright man”), whose earliest appearance in the fossil records occurred around 2 million years ago. Homo erectus are thought to have been the earliest human ancestors capable of using fires, hunting and gathering in coordinated groups, caring for injured or sick group members, seafaring, and possibly art-making. The difference between the average cranial volume of Homo erectus and Homo sapiens is roughly the same as the amount of cranial volume that has been lost in the past 12,000 years in the Holocene period.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAllow that to sink in. \u003Cb\u003EIn just 12,000 years, we have lost the same amount of intelligence that, purportedly, took nearly 2 million years to develop!\u003C\/b\u003E How does that happen? And why has the cranial volume been declining at a time when the most significant advancements in human civilization supposedly took place?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EClearly, something is amiss here. The data does not lie. Certain unfounded assumptions appears to have been made about human evolution and the origins of civilization that does not accord with the precipitous decline in human cranial capacity during the Holocene period. One of the thoughts that struck my mind when I came across this stunning data is, how do evolutionists and anthropologists explain it?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj8NbJ5eQsnMS5yDvqW0ockwhGzIxJIOaZJqaryzIjwNRpX-XqlOlHW8sNZaWvUYNc76j09sULFUKrDqcLhj5FCVKVO7rgVaCG9aZD2YR1_jbtc9OjFHT3becHc513MCIo6HQEDqYplxo-tvzZdkqTuiiM33sW_zMpPU5CYFXHLsJ24JdjKlzw83UxiUUk\/s1200\/Human%20skull%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"675\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj8NbJ5eQsnMS5yDvqW0ockwhGzIxJIOaZJqaryzIjwNRpX-XqlOlHW8sNZaWvUYNc76j09sULFUKrDqcLhj5FCVKVO7rgVaCG9aZD2YR1_jbtc9OjFHT3becHc513MCIo6HQEDqYplxo-tvzZdkqTuiiM33sW_zMpPU5CYFXHLsJ24JdjKlzw83UxiUUk\/w640-h360\/Human%20skull%20small.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EI had a hard time finding a well-written paper or article on this topic, until I came across this piece in the \u003Ci\u003EDiscover Magazine\u003C\/i\u003E titled, “If Modern Humans Are So Smart, Why Are Our Brains Shrinking?”[3], in which, science writer Kathleen McAuliffe, tell us that she was utterly dismayed when anthropologist John Hawks of the University of Wisconsin told her that, over the past 20,000 years, the average volume of the human male brain has decreased from 1,500 cc to 1350 cc, losing a chunk the size of a tennis ball. “This happened in China, Europe, Africa - everywhere we look,” Hawks informed her. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EWhen Kathleen contacted other experts to find out if they knew about the shrinking human brain, she came to a startling realization. It was a closely guarded secret. “Only a tight-knit circle of paleontologists seem to be in on the secret, and even they seem a bit muddled about the matter,” she wrote to her utter surprise.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne of the experts she consulted was Christopher Stringer, a paleoanthropologist at the Natural History Museum in London. Stringer told her something quite stunning: “Scientists haven’t given the matter the attention it deserves. Many ignore it or consider it an insignificant detail”. I could hardly believe this. This absolutely jaw-dropping piece of scientific data, which turns the Darwinian theory of gradual evolution by natural selection on its head, is treated by some scientists as an “insignificant detail”. What really is significant then? How the Homo erectus learnt to pick his nose?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBesides, why is there so much secrecy around this information? Why is it that only a “tight-knit circle of paleontologists” know about this, and everyone else seems to be in the dark? Isn’t it the duty of scientists, academia and the media to widely disseminate this kind of shocking information and invite debates and discussions over it?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe truth is that, and many have written about it, scientists and academics do not earn any brownie points by ruffling the calm surface of “Lake Consensus”, as John Anthony West put it. There is a strong tendency to adhere to the status quo, and very often, errant academics who do not toe the official line, are put in their place by being denied grants, positions and other academic privileges. As a result, even if grave anomalies are observed in a theory that has achieved consensus, they are ignored or quietly filed away from the public eye. This kind of knowledge filtering goes on continuously, and what we know as the truth is simply a “consensus”, and nothing more.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgsESXG8oiPMgtgSlFUAoGtupM6BHV4B5Yq16zGEhyphenhyphenw3dAzcyj_vYftrXBrntbPb7cXVvrv3Udn0rXDgcA3aVPTzjOupwlIqsqYGhuZzgueW2K4LEoljlbU4sL6RsVDUE_N_14PC8PlfxyHxMJOcrGVTLmOAFYVQfuFLieOVDTk7HZP1C86J2BekXsECm0\/s1800\/Human%20Skull%20featured.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"991\" data-original-width=\"1800\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgsESXG8oiPMgtgSlFUAoGtupM6BHV4B5Yq16zGEhyphenhyphenw3dAzcyj_vYftrXBrntbPb7cXVvrv3Udn0rXDgcA3aVPTzjOupwlIqsqYGhuZzgueW2K4LEoljlbU4sL6RsVDUE_N_14PC8PlfxyHxMJOcrGVTLmOAFYVQfuFLieOVDTk7HZP1C86J2BekXsECm0\/w640-h352\/Human%20Skull%20featured.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EKathleen went on to write that, some scientists have tried to explain why our brains are shrinking, but their explanations are vague, muddled and inconsistent. According to Christopher Stringer, the reduction in cranial volume may be due to the decline in human stature since the Holocene period, since a larger brain is required to control a bigger body mass. However, John Hawks has contested this, claiming that the brain has shrunk much faster than the body. “For a brain as small as that found in the average European male today, the body would have to shrink to the size of a pygmy”, Hawks said.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBesides, the scientific data indicates that human height declined till the end of the Bronze Age, after which it has been steadily increasing. But, brain volume has continued to decline till the modern period. This means there cannot be any cause-effect relationship between body size and brain size.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECognitive scientist David Geary of the University of Missouri believes that people actually became dumber in the Holocene period. According to him, as population density increased and complex societies emerged, people did not have to be as smart to survive; they could get by with the help of others. This created the selection pressure for the brain to become smaller.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, historical facts do not support his contention. It is only around c. 5000 BCE in the Eastern Mediterranean that we see a jump in population densities, followed by the emergence of complex Bronze Age societies. In many other parts of the world, complex societies arose even later than that. By that time, there had already been a substantial reduction in cranial volume. What this implies is that, only after humans became substantially stupid they began to form large, complex societies, and, as a result, some people were able to get by without possessing any specific skill or sufficient gray matter.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EJohn Hawks put a different twist to the situation. He believes that humans may be getting smarter due to a re-wiring of the brain. The brain is an energy guzzler; it consumes nearly 20 percent of our calorie intake. A bigger brain uses up more energy. So, optimally, we need a brain that packs the most intelligence for the least energy. Hawks believes that, over the past 10,000 years, due to a series of advantageous brain-related mutations, the neural connections of the brain may have become streamlined and the molecular activity at the synapses improved, thereby making us more intelligent than our Paleolithic ancestors, even though we have smaller brains.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESo, what Hawks is essentially saying is that, after moving in the wrong direction for nearly 2 million years, turning itself into an energy-guzzling SUV, the brain went through a sudden awakening at the end of the last Ice Age and decided to change course and transform itself into a Tesla. Hawks himself admits that such a course correction would require a large number of very rare, beneficial mutations, the chances of which are extremely slim.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe fact is that, random new mutations are more likely to reduce than to raise intelligence. A course correction for the human brain after 2 million years of evolution in the wrong direction, due to the sudden appearance of extremely rare beneficial mutations, is wishful thinking at best.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBesides, there is no tangible evidence that the neural connections in the brain suddenly became more efficient after the onset of the Holocene Period. Nor is it likely that any such evidence will ever be found, since brain tissue is not preserved for such long periods of time. If they were, we might have found that even the neural connections have degraded! \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe truth is very simple. Our declining cranial capacity indicates that we have been getting dumber over the course of the past 12,000 years. Our memories have declined substantially compared to our ancestors who could remember massive volumes of data, and transmit them orally to the next generation. Our powers of judgment and discrimination have declined because of which we cannot distinguish between the truth and lies, or discern what truly serves our welfare as opposed to what takes us down the path of misery. Our ethics and morality have nosedived, along with all the subtle abilities of the brain that we possessed in the bygone ages such as intuition, telepathy, clairvoyance etc.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUnfortunately, most people have been brought up to believe otherwise. They think that we are the smartest generation of people that ever lived, since that is the idea that is pushed down their throat from an early age. The problem is, once people have been indoctrinated with a specific belief or ideology, no amount of evidence is enough to overturn that. The hardest things to get rid of are deeply held biases, and scientists are no exceptions to this.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlthough the decline in cranial capacity during the Holocene period is at odds with Darwinian evolution, it is perfectly aligned with the doctrine of the Yuga Cycle or Great Year. The last 12,000 years comprise the descending arc of the Yuga Cycle, when human consciousness, memory and intelligence are supposed be in a state of continuous degradation. In the \u003Ci\u003EMahabharata\u003C\/i\u003E, the sage Markandeya told Yudhisthira, “Know, O Yudhisthira, that the period of life, the energy, intellect and the physical strength of men decrease in every Yuga!”[4] These statements, which have been generally regarded as fanciful notions, are amply borne out by the scientific data collected over the past few decades. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjpEzLY8J7b_7RydSJxyFoAz_5ILyqXKOYAv9WrYM2z2i218qWOKF0r-BxVbQnoGjREfuAoAUOiSsRbYG2t65-7yApBfJQNx9ZbWJveMO56HRbMe7zHBkz3uK_TifDcuQe_Gs_vKoYzin1ylJKOVga43tTHQe-cDpttM-_BCG7mQ2KvWzWBthu7DL0kWTw\/s1400\/39%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years2.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Yuga Cycle 25,800 Years\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1135\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"518\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjpEzLY8J7b_7RydSJxyFoAz_5ILyqXKOYAv9WrYM2z2i218qWOKF0r-BxVbQnoGjREfuAoAUOiSsRbYG2t65-7yApBfJQNx9ZbWJveMO56HRbMe7zHBkz3uK_TifDcuQe_Gs_vKoYzin1ylJKOVga43tTHQe-cDpttM-_BCG7mQ2KvWzWBthu7DL0kWTw\/w640-h518\/39%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years2.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 1: The 25,800-year Yuga Cycle, including the 1200-year periods of Kataklysmos and Ekpyrosis. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESince we are now approaching the end of the Kali Yuga, the shrinking of the human brain has already started tapering off in some populations. We can expect that, once we come out of the Kali Yuga, our cranial capacity will again start increasing gradually and attain their peak value in the next Golden Age or Satya Yuga, after another 12,000 years evolution along the ascending arc of the Yuga Cycle.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESo, what does all of this mean for human evolution? It means that the sinusoidal fluctuation in cranial volume, height and lifespan has been going on for millions of years, ever since man first appeared on the earth. Over a period of roughly 25,800 years, cranial volume goes up and down with a 10% - 15% fluctuation in its value.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EContrary to oft-repeated claims, there has not been a gradual increase in cranial volume over the past 2 million years. That is an assumption and not a fact. We have found less than 200 pre-Holocene hominin skulls.\u003Cb\u003E 200 skulls in a span of 2 million years! \u003C\/b\u003EHow can such a scanty collection of pre-Holocene crania reveal the pattern of human evolution? A regression line was fitted through these data points assuming that cranial volume must have increased linearly. That is an unacceptable assumption. Literally any kind of curve can be drawn through a scatter of 200 data points over a 2 million year time period. There are hundreds of thousands of years in the graph without a single data point!\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOn the other hand, tens of thousands of Holocene crania have been found, and that data indicates that cranial volume has been decreasing over the past 12,000 years and gradually flattening out. \u003Ci\u003ESurely, the true nature of the cranial capacity curve will be revealed where the data density is the highest!\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe only sensible conclusion to be drawn from this is that human cranial capacity fluctuates in a sinusoidal manner over a 25,800 year cycle. My proposition is that all the available Homo sapiens cranial specimens can be plotted on this sinusoidal curve. Since I do not have access to a well-dated set of human skulls I cannot test it out myself. But, there is a well-known set of cranial specimens belonging to the Cro-Magnon, which supports this argument.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Cro-Magnon were one of the earliest examples of modern Homo sapiens in Western Europe. Cro-Magnon were taller than modern humans, had more robust bones, with a cranial capacity of around 1600 cc, which is comparable to the peak cranial capacity of the Mesolithic period.[5] Their fossils have been found between 30,000 to 40,000 years ago, which straddles the peak of an earlier Golden Age at around 38,676 BP (Before Present) or 36,676 BCE. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiCX1wuDfdHdK56XIoybCt56RYcamMJluhYRwiNi1b3JadVFzVNy-aWR9pCr_EwcC6r48xc34vcBEFjqS3BEVxNhppmWHRCotfxjDV5lUfLdT_640kA0clcHuB5Y4JMh4x9HYweJBE3CV7lShTJAXQ6y88Q7J9QRH9cciVPcqobo_a5-9f4Trd5L7pOXp8\/s1400\/40%20Cranial%20Volume%20Fluctuation%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Sinusoidal fluctuation of Cranial Capacity over the 25,800-year precession cycle\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"690\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"317\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiCX1wuDfdHdK56XIoybCt56RYcamMJluhYRwiNi1b3JadVFzVNy-aWR9pCr_EwcC6r48xc34vcBEFjqS3BEVxNhppmWHRCotfxjDV5lUfLdT_640kA0clcHuB5Y4JMh4x9HYweJBE3CV7lShTJAXQ6y88Q7J9QRH9cciVPcqobo_a5-9f4Trd5L7pOXp8\/w640-h317\/40%20Cranial%20Volume%20Fluctuation%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 2: The cranial volume fluctuates over a 25,800-year Yuga Cycle. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis can be easily calculated from the Yuga Cycle timeline. The peak of the last Golden Age was reached around 10,876 BCE, and we need to add 25,800 years to get the previous peak i.e. 36,676 BCE. This means that the Cro-Magnons lived in an earlier Golden Age and some part of the descending Yuga Cycle. This is why, their morphology and cranial capacities are larger than that of modern humans and comparable to the peak cranial capacities of the Mesolithic period i.e. the most recent Golden Age.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEga3nKZRXgTHMeCmlN2NV3KvXQE5VU4jKIkRM62kM3bJB9Fac36tfU5GgcyGuMpAEksNnLs9_4Aekw-EHBrzcsP-lMa7MBZPbf88EhmQfBQ1GnjvZyt6ynOXuYxlbO0P7jbY-92zkbWiqgdAnAAvkD8XMr_e-l1I3cvcnWpsGtJ24C1aIsBb0RUcpIaq4g\/s1024\/Skull%20and%20lower%20jaw%20of%20Cro-Magnon,%20exhibited%20at%20the%20Mus%C3%A9e%20de%20l'Homme%20in%20Paris,%20Thilo%20Parg,%20CC%20BY%20SA%204.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1024\" data-original-width=\"1024\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEga3nKZRXgTHMeCmlN2NV3KvXQE5VU4jKIkRM62kM3bJB9Fac36tfU5GgcyGuMpAEksNnLs9_4Aekw-EHBrzcsP-lMa7MBZPbf88EhmQfBQ1GnjvZyt6ynOXuYxlbO0P7jbY-92zkbWiqgdAnAAvkD8XMr_e-l1I3cvcnWpsGtJ24C1aIsBb0RUcpIaq4g\/s320\/Skull%20and%20lower%20jaw%20of%20Cro-Magnon,%20exhibited%20at%20the%20Mus%C3%A9e%20de%20l'Homme%20in%20Paris,%20Thilo%20Parg,%20CC%20BY%20SA%204.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 3: Skull and lower jaw of Cro-Magnon, exhibited at the Musée de \nl'Homme in Paris. Credit: Thilo Parg, CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhsu38KEiCgVC29OG_ny7Ca8PDkj2BQ9NMJCFIfbBZ3OFYj9ovHE775x0ZreqVdihAqte768xTLvchAkaan5-3wabHxKYyBMU4oe876_pruMzFEOsZ8YgUOKScM298DuJ2oj_Ruw8PQCWtXm-9T92ueZpl3w6-yfespiyYL7B7M5YTmNlPbMvpC625ia-o\/s1280\/Forensic%20facial%20reconstruction%20of%20a%20Cro-Magnon%20man,%20usgin%20a%20cast%20of%20skull,%20Cicero%20Moraes,%20CC%20BY%20SA%204.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"393\" data-original-width=\"1280\" height=\"196\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhsu38KEiCgVC29OG_ny7Ca8PDkj2BQ9NMJCFIfbBZ3OFYj9ovHE775x0ZreqVdihAqte768xTLvchAkaan5-3wabHxKYyBMU4oe876_pruMzFEOsZ8YgUOKScM298DuJ2oj_Ruw8PQCWtXm-9T92ueZpl3w6-yfespiyYL7B7M5YTmNlPbMvpC625ia-o\/w640-h196\/Forensic%20facial%20reconstruction%20of%20a%20Cro-Magnon%20man,%20usgin%20a%20cast%20of%20skull,%20Cicero%20Moraes,%20CC%20BY%20SA%204.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 4: Forensic facial reconstruction of a Cro-Magnon man, using a \ncast of skull. Credit: Cicero Moraes, CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhat this means is that, over the past 2 million years, since the first hominin fossils began to appear, our cranial volume has been oscillating over a 25,800-year cycle, without a net increase or decrease in any direction. This is true not only for Homo sapiens crania, but is likely to be equally applicable to all the extinct members of the human family, including the Neanderthals and Homo erectus.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiC7XZnHni3zYJ4vmHSqOokQ3dUzw5FH2CniB8UvU9WMUi61n_nQAjWbvKaHYhs3U78NNWr5MnOE24oZT1F7G_MNRasSXG8ejJ5ieecZXpyLkMTloCrR526WTfMTuW0lBB5bFYTZQRCY98H3GbQL7MNqfv7X8gCQ05giVfiyMPhQkqMYiXpDOZDlZGdx1c\/s1025\/Comparison%20of%20Modern%20Human%20and%20Neanderthal%20skulls%20from%20the%20Cleveland%20Museum%20of%20Natural%20History,%20hairymuseummatt%20CC%20BY%20SA%202.png\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"533\" data-original-width=\"1025\" height=\"332\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiC7XZnHni3zYJ4vmHSqOokQ3dUzw5FH2CniB8UvU9WMUi61n_nQAjWbvKaHYhs3U78NNWr5MnOE24oZT1F7G_MNRasSXG8ejJ5ieecZXpyLkMTloCrR526WTfMTuW0lBB5bFYTZQRCY98H3GbQL7MNqfv7X8gCQ05giVfiyMPhQkqMYiXpDOZDlZGdx1c\/w640-h332\/Comparison%20of%20Modern%20Human%20and%20Neanderthal%20skulls%20from%20the%20Cleveland%20Museum%20of%20Natural%20History,%20hairymuseummatt%20CC%20BY%20SA%202.png\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 5: Comparison of Modern Human and Neanderthal skulls from the \nCleveland Museum of Natural History. The Neanderthal skull is the one on\n the right. Credit: hairymuseummatt CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor instance, the Neanderthals had a bigger skull than modern humans with an average cranial capacity of around 1500 cc, which is comparable to the cranial volume of humans who lived at the end of the last Ice Age. However, even Neanderthal skull capacities vary between 1300 to 1600 cc, and it is quite possible that this variation occurs in tandem with the 25,800-year precession cycle. No-one has tested for this till now, but if we plot out the available Neanderthal skulls on this curve, we may be taken by surprise.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, cranial specimens need to be be accurately dated before plotting on the 25,800-year sinusoidal curve, because even a small percentage error in dating can make things go haywire. The difference between the peaks and troughs of the curve is only 12,900 years, which is very small in geological terms. Ideally, the hominin cranial specimens which have been discovered in the past 100,000 to 200,000 years should be used for plotting on this curve, so that the error in dating is not very significant.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn case you are wondering what could be responsible for the decline in our cranial capacity during the Holocene period, certain studies indicate that genetics is the main driving factor. Over the past 12,000 years, we have been acquiring harmful gene mutations, and passing them on to our children, leading to the gradual degeneration of the human race. In a couple of papers published in the journal \u003Ci\u003ETrends in Genetics \u003C\/i\u003E(2012), Professor Gerald Crabtree of the Stanford University showed that, as a species, we are gradually declining in average intellect because we are accumulating mutations that deleteriously affect brain development or function.[6]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EProfessor John Sanford of the Cornell University firmly believes that the human race is devolving, and that there is no evidence of human evolution being directed by the forces of natural selection. In the book \u003Ci\u003EGenetic Entropy \u0026amp; the Mystery of the Genome\u003C\/i\u003E (2008), he argued that the minimal rate of human mutation is estimated to be 100 new mutations per generation. While most mutations do not have any effect, some of them are deleterious. This causes a genetic degradation that leads to the gradual extinction of a species through time. In an interview with Jim Cantelon, he explained the new findings in the field of genetics:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“It’s kind of a trade secret amongst population geneticists - any really well-informed population geneticist understands that man is degenerating…what’s happening is that, every gene in every chromosome of every cell in my body is mutating, and so that guarantees my aging and my death. But the problem is that - these mutations that are accumulating in my body - some of them are transmitted to my children. I take all the mutations that I inherited from my ancestors – tens of thousands of deleterious mutations in my body – and I add my own contribution to that – about a 100 new mutations at least – and pass it on to the next generation…It means we are a perishing people living in a dying world…there is no circle of life where things just continue staying the same, and it’s not an upward spiral of evolution where things keep getting better and better, it is a downward spiral. ”[7] \u003C\/blockquote\u003EA downward spiral indeed! In other words, the descending arc of the Yuga Cycle or Great Year in which human intellect gradually declines. The wisdom of the ancients is now being validated by different scientific disciplines. But why is there so much secrecy?\u0026nbsp;\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EJohn Sanford said that the degeneration of man is a “trade secret amongst population geneticists”, while Kathleen McAuliffe had noted that the phenomenon of the shrinking human brain is a secret known to “only a tight-knit circle of paleontologists.” Why is this knowledge being concealed from the people at large? Why not just come out and say, “Its confirmed guys. We are idiots, and we are getting dumber, and that’s why we are messing up the world.” Is that too much to ask?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI believe that John Sanford’s statement that we are “a perishing people in a dying world” is a bit too pessimistic, for it seems to imply that there is no hope for the world. That is not exactly true. Had the deterioration of the human brain been going on ceaselessly for the past 2 million years, then we would have transformed into chimps by now. Or become extinct. But we didn’t, right? This means that the process of degeneration is not unidirectional, but reverses itself at periodic intervals. Humanity is not headed towards extinction, but towards transformation.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt some point after the completion of the Kali Yuga, the harmful genetic mutations will get replaced by beneficial genetic mutations, which will then keep on accumulating and drive the upward spiral of evolution till the next Golden Age. This is how the Cycle of the Ages operate, and it is a shame that this essential wisdom has been discarded by the modern civilization. But, then, this is exactly what happens in the Kali Yuga, the age of ignorance and darkness, when, in spite of having so many advanced technologies, humanity remains completely oblivious of its origins and purpose.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne might naturally wonder what could be causing the harmful and beneficial genetic mutations to fluctuate over a 25,800-year cycle. Could the radiation from some powerful cosmic source be driving this phenomenon? The answer is yes, and I have explored this idea in my book \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, and I shall write about it in future articles.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReferences\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E[1] Maciej Henneberg, “Decrease of Human Skull Size in the Holocene”, Human Biology, June 1988, Vol.60, No.3, pp. 395-405, https:\/\/digitalcommons.wayne.edu\/humbiol\/vol60\/iss3\/5\/\u003Cbr \/\u003E[2] Christopher B. Ruff et al, “Body mass and encephalization in Pleistocene Homo”, Nature, 1997, Vol.387, pp. 173 - 176.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[3] Kathleen McAuliffe, “If Modern Humans Are So Smart, Why Are Our Brains Shrinking?” Discover Magazine, 20 January 2011, https:\/\/www.discovermagazine.com\/the-sciences\/if-modern-humans-are-so-smart-why-are-our-brains-shrinking\u003Cbr \/\u003E[4] Mahabharata 3.189, https:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/hin\/m03\/m03189.htm\u003Cbr \/\u003E[5] “Cro-Magnon”, Britannica, https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Cro-Magnon\u003Cbr \/\u003E[6] Gerald R. Crabtree, “Our fragile intellect. Part I” and “Our fragile intellect. Part II”, published in Trends in Genetics. Taken from Kevin J. Mitchell, “Genetic entropy and the human intellect”, Trends in Genetics, 2013, Vol.29, No.2, pp. 59-60.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[7] Dr. John Sanford, author of “Genetic Entropy and the Mystery of the Genome”, in an interview with Jim Cantelon, on the YouTube channel 100huntley, https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=K8KbM-xkfVk\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/6557170361643723231\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/12\/the-shocking-decline-in-human-cranial.html#comment-form","title":"8 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/6557170361643723231"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/6557170361643723231"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/12\/the-shocking-decline-in-human-cranial.html","title":"The Shocking Decline in Human Cranial Capacity over the past 12,000 years"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgaLNUUZC3elpunCDPi9Gpz_w4d_xxOtyCHcVkaZzgWs27zh3vtce-37wxea1HRyIbYellVTTUbUFvHsKZHbCw-Lb4O-SJ_TUAjDTTa6hvRnBMwtjLjopbynpMOmVnpxq6DeTILkikjIHiz5hyCpDXfg0tgX33dwWgM41Se3tHP2bfgEbEO4Q-6Gx8GATw\/s72-c\/Human%20Skull%20thumbnail.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"8"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-4167605369154706085"},"published":{"$t":"2024-11-14T21:41:00.008+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2025-08-02T12:53:28.122+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Kaali Impact Crater and the Late Bronze Age collapse"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjpN_pgapDUcxiMAqkFjIQ713Zkh0E12-U0fzY78uN5GNw4DgoggRnrDdLSYLk5HzR4ByxgGKFFZZbqWzUsdVxY4mCHeJJLFNPftxCdnQIArJIbyJ-iCuIhywx4KgdrNZYQEpBfxxFB6wz5ZWrS9iThoOItT5zOukROhFmvZAVnvhAQNoBIog4RziG15R4\/s500\/Meteor%20Airbursts%20thumbnail.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"263\" data-original-width=\"500\" height=\"168\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjpN_pgapDUcxiMAqkFjIQ713Zkh0E12-U0fzY78uN5GNw4DgoggRnrDdLSYLk5HzR4ByxgGKFFZZbqWzUsdVxY4mCHeJJLFNPftxCdnQIArJIbyJ-iCuIhywx4KgdrNZYQEpBfxxFB6wz5ZWrS9iThoOItT5zOukROhFmvZAVnvhAQNoBIog4RziG15R4\/s320\/Meteor%20Airbursts%20thumbnail.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Late Bronze Age Collapse\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EThe sudden and catastrophic collapse of the Bronze Age civilizations was one of the most dreadful events of history. Towards the beginning of the 12th century BCE, cities across the eastern Mediterranean region – in Cyprus, Crete, Greece, Anatolia, Egypt, Syria, Levant etc. – went up in flames, never to rise again, and the cultural expressions and religious institutions of the Bronze Age were lost forever.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EHistorian Robert Drews, Professor of Classical Studies, Emeritus, at Vanderbilt University, wrote in the book \u003Ci\u003EThe End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca. 1200 BC\u003C\/i\u003E, that, \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“Within a period of forty to fifty years at the end of the thirteenth and the beginning of the twelfth century almost every significant city in the eastern Mediterranean world was destroyed, many of them never to be occupied again…Throughout the eastern Mediterranean, the twelfth century BC ushered in a dark age, which in Greece and Anatolia was not to lift for more than four hundred years. Altogether, the end of the Bronze Age was arguably the worst disaster in ancient history...”[1] \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe intensity and geographic scale of this devastation is quite mind-boggling. When the archaeologists of the mid-19th century started exploring the ancient Bronze Age sites in the eastern Mediterranean, they found that the cities and palaces – which were constructed of megalithic blocks of stone - had been entirely leveled, and almost everywhere they detected a layer of ash containing charred wood.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EAt Hattusa, the capital of the mighty Hittite Empire, the excavators found a layer of “slag, formed when mud-bricks melted from the intense heat of the conflagration,”[2] while at Mycenae, the “masonry structures within the fortification walls (of the citadel) melted in a fire of great intensity.”[3]\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjYT23609zBbwTu7oQ2pi_vCGO35udjna-fYYZgmAon9h53r0L8HnC2gLcQ9QGQS1FMp96sF4OaUHeZKW92kxtfZOJTuu2nYfLy8z6iNMALVQRQi_weRBhNrmVWCay5mHBkwHMV2j_mJ2qDNGm32GEHUjic6dzcC4fQmRBPsz8W2RKcInouOcd0KMn5aXk\/s1400\/The%20area%20of%20the%20Great%20Temple%20with%20storerooms%20surrounding%20the%20temple%20proper,%20Hattusa,%20Turkey,%20Carole%20Raddato,%20CC%20BY%20SA%202%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"747\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"342\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjYT23609zBbwTu7oQ2pi_vCGO35udjna-fYYZgmAon9h53r0L8HnC2gLcQ9QGQS1FMp96sF4OaUHeZKW92kxtfZOJTuu2nYfLy8z6iNMALVQRQi_weRBhNrmVWCay5mHBkwHMV2j_mJ2qDNGm32GEHUjic6dzcC4fQmRBPsz8W2RKcInouOcd0KMn5aXk\/w640-h342\/The%20area%20of%20the%20Great%20Temple%20with%20storerooms%20surrounding%20the%20temple%20proper,%20Hattusa,%20Turkey,%20Carole%20Raddato,%20CC%20BY%20SA%202%20small.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EFigure 1: The area of\n the Great Temple with storerooms surrounding the temple proper, \nHattusa, Turkey. Credit: Carole Raddato, CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia \ncommons\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EEverywhere there were signs of a massive, violent conflagration that had brought on the utter demise of these longstanding centers of culture. Many of these sites – such as Hattusa or Mycenae - remained unoccupied, forgotten, and lost from the pages of history for thousands of years, until they were dug up by archaeologists in the 19th century.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EAt some of the sites, archaeologists have detected signs of rebuilding after the initial wave of devastation in the early 12th century BCE. However, even the rebuilt cities did not last long and were destroyed and abandoned shortly. Apparently, whatever had brought on this widespread disaster, had lingered on for some time during the 400 years of Dark Ages that followed till around 750 BCE.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgF-YTSPWEPF9PAbpE_-9wzYINts0PODB1KuxrGDAUhzmiZIS1Q5nv-DeQm9qwgRnG8XA6R8iVIy9Zk2cjBX2cCPMYvLHFYkvCN-N5r_vMnv_1Juv5tIGcLlZG6IqGb-TWsBZ6zrBxVGlU8ZpVkgha9MGC5Jw-vUVDs-k1WAo2k-kjNfaGsylStVLnayEQ\/s1400\/Mycenae%20Archaeological%20site,%20Annatsach,%20CC%20BY%20SA%204%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"831\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"380\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgF-YTSPWEPF9PAbpE_-9wzYINts0PODB1KuxrGDAUhzmiZIS1Q5nv-DeQm9qwgRnG8XA6R8iVIy9Zk2cjBX2cCPMYvLHFYkvCN-N5r_vMnv_1Juv5tIGcLlZG6IqGb-TWsBZ6zrBxVGlU8ZpVkgha9MGC5Jw-vUVDs-k1WAo2k-kjNfaGsylStVLnayEQ\/w640-h380\/Mycenae%20Archaeological%20site,%20Annatsach,%20CC%20BY%20SA%204%20small.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EFigure 2: Archaeological site of Mycenae, Greece. Credit: Annatsach, CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EHowever, not all cultures in the region were utterly decimated in the 12th century itself. In some cases, the collapse was long drawn out. In Egypt, the rule of Ramses III – the last of the great pharaohs - ended in 1155 BCE with his murder, following which there was a “mega drought” lasting 150 years or more, which caused a severe economic crisis.[4] The end of the 20th Dynasty in 1069 BCE marked the end of Egypt as an independent power. The period from 1070 BCE – 664 BCE is called the “Third Intermediate Period” of Egypt, when the Libyans and the Kushites claimed the throne, at a time of political turmoil, social disintegration, droughts and famine.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EAnother ancient empire that survived the initial wave of destruction in the 12th century was Assyria, even as most cities in the Levant and Southern Mesopotamia went up in flames. However, upon the death of Ashur-bel-kala in 1056 BCE, even Assyria went into a comparative decline for the next hundred or so years. The empire shrank significantly, and by 1020 BCE, Assyria appears to have controlled only areas close to Assyria itself.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg9kX2LKC4j-UHn_ER1Kp2wnNZXeMVZteuLgIjEpIGssMSQ76iRFR9p5Qd_eJPnwUe-pPmoXZZcmNuQn_EyNrHI7cH-3-L1HaEml2ekbY0nBQy9V-OPT4bSAsdGT8nR3qs4kTk5rz8kESi-QZ8G_YD2Ep5cBTa2QexNbxlTd-Ec-exiGoeZj_wLdy9hAXA\/s1536\/The%20ruins%20of%20the%20bronze%20age%20city%20of%20Ugarit%20in%20Ras%20Shamra,%20Syria,%20Loris%20Romito,%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1024\" data-original-width=\"1536\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg9kX2LKC4j-UHn_ER1Kp2wnNZXeMVZteuLgIjEpIGssMSQ76iRFR9p5Qd_eJPnwUe-pPmoXZZcmNuQn_EyNrHI7cH-3-L1HaEml2ekbY0nBQy9V-OPT4bSAsdGT8nR3qs4kTk5rz8kESi-QZ8G_YD2Ep5cBTa2QexNbxlTd-Ec-exiGoeZj_wLdy9hAXA\/w640-h426\/The%20ruins%20of%20the%20bronze%20age%20city%20of%20Ugarit%20in%20Ras%20Shamra,%20Syria,%20Loris%20Romito,%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EFigure 3: The ruins \nof the Bronze Age city of Ugarit in Ras Shamra, Syria. Credit: Loris \nRomito, CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EThe effect of this catastrophic civilizational collapse on the people of the eastern Mediterranean was traumatic, to say the least. There was large-scale depopulation, and the people lived in small, isolated, settlements. Some squatters occupied the ruins of the big cities and lived in small huts. Famine gripped the lands, and people migrated in search of food. The ancient trading networks came to a grinding halt. A Dark Age gripped the lands for nearly 400 years, during which time the entire cultural edifice of the Bronze Age was lost forever.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EWhen the Iron Age began at around 750 BCE, the construction of megalithic cities and palaces had ceased. The pottery had simple geometric patterns. Iron replaced bronze as the metal of choice for manufacturing tools and weapons. Chariots were no longer used in warfare. The Linear B writing of the Mycenaean period was forgotten, and the Greeks had to re-learn the alphabet from the Phoenicians in the 8th century BCE. It was almost as if an “epoch” of humanity was over and the old had given way to the new.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EModern historians think of the Greek Dark Ages as a time of “transition” from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. Robert Drews used the term “dawn time” to refer to this period of catastrophe and transformation. He wrote that,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“The end of the eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age, in the twelfth century BC, was one of history’s most frightful turning points. For those who experienced it, it was a calamity. In long retrospect, however, the episode marked a beginning rather than an end, the “dawn time” in which people in Israel, Greece, and even Rome sought their origins. ...The metallurgical progress - from bronze to iron - was only the most tangible of the innovations. More significant by far were the development and spread of alphabetic writing, the growth of nationalism, of republican political forms, of monotheism, and eventually of rationalism.”[5] \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe philosophers of ancient Greece generally thought of the Dark Ages as a time when a “Shift in the Ages” took place from the “Age of the Heroes” to the “Iron Age”. Many Greek writers dated the famous battle of Troy described in the Iliad, to around the same time that the Late Bronze Age collapse had occurred: Ephorus had dated it to 1135 BCE, Sosibius to 1172 BCE, and Eratosthenes to 1184 BCE. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhP7mdhIKeI2FvQ5kTy_atYnzqQsrGyxWLQdsEA5Nf28gMsAC7ubHqfapaBYVNjJCkjXY9btWAz1czqIIRQnIsAwa5piwYQgqGwgbGf8iJ1Lik_WojYUmqObjpgyC_DT3g1d4V2EAb7TkpT0ORQ1OpdwytbDh5zW_E8EASV1vgJ7c2shd7xY6a_92UuZ-s\/s1536\/The%20ruins%20of%20the%20Late%20Bronze%20Age%20gates%20and%20terraces%20at%20Troy,%20Bgabel,%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"999\" data-original-width=\"1536\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhP7mdhIKeI2FvQ5kTy_atYnzqQsrGyxWLQdsEA5Nf28gMsAC7ubHqfapaBYVNjJCkjXY9btWAz1czqIIRQnIsAwa5piwYQgqGwgbGf8iJ1Lik_WojYUmqObjpgyC_DT3g1d4V2EAb7TkpT0ORQ1OpdwytbDh5zW_E8EASV1vgJ7c2shd7xY6a_92UuZ-s\/w640-h416\/The%20ruins%20of%20the%20Late%20Bronze%20Age%20gates%20and%20terraces%20at%20Troy,%20Bgabel,%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EFigure 4: The ruins \nof the gates and terraces at Troy, dating to the Late Bronze Age. \nCredit: Bgabel, CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EAs it turns out, the ruins of the city of Troy was discovered by Heinrich Schliemann in 1870, in course of his excavations on the mound of Hisarlik, which overlooks the plain along the Turkish Aegean coast. The excavations at the site have revealed multiple occupation layers dating back to 3600 BCE.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EWhat is interesting is that, Troy was destroyed at around 1180 BCE – coinciding with the onset of the Late Bronze Age collapse - following which the city was rebuilt but was destroyed again in 1050 BCE, possibly due to an earthquake. Troy was again rebuilt by the survivors, but suffered yet another destruction by a fire in 950 BCE. This tells us that the entire Mediterranean region was visited by an extended period of catastrophes during the Dark Ages. Robert Drews writes: \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\"Altogether, then, the Catastrophe seems to have begun with sporadic destructions in the 1st quarter of the thirteenth century, gathered momentum in the 1190s, and rages in fully fury in the 1180s. By about 1175 the worst was apparently over, although dreadful things continued to happen throughout the twelfth century.\"[6] \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe question is, what could have caused this widespread and long drawn-out calamity in the Mediterranean region that obliterated the Bronze Age cultures that had flourished in the region for nearly three millennia? \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Sea Peoples\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003ESome historians believe that the so-called “Sea Peoples”- a loose, seafaring, confederation of uncertain origin – are to blame for these upheavals. The principal evidence for the invasions of the Sea Peoples comes to us from the inscriptions and pictorial reliefs on the walls of the mortuary temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EThey tell us that, during the eighth year of the pharaoh’s reign, a coalition of foreign states that originally lived “on the islands in the middle of the (Aegean) sea” attacked Egypt. The attackers are said to have defeated a number of countries in the Eastern Mediterranean, including Hatti (Hattusa), Alashiya (Cyprus) and Arzawa (a small city in Western Anatolia). Ramesses III claims to have slaughtered the Sea Peoples in a naval battle, and took many of them as captives.[7] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EScholars now believe that the Sea Peoples were a military alliance of “western Anatolian petty states”, since the names of some of the individual tribes that made up the Sea Peoples (which have been mentioned in the Egyptian inscriptions) are, to a large extent, identical to the neighbors of the Hittites in the west and in the southeast.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhuCNOpI0Dljc0Uk3KFhbRzeObnJApBnbRoGvgwsM9THZh5a9UNyWk49euUXVHwnAHU3gOQyVQqm033nNX8hyphenhyphen_mifvT2wQif4PDvly5OAeRdEBMqszZ4Xhx3VolU7LFUHRf6LTDipJh3Uo0cZb5XpSO50dS1W5IELUpx2TbyCeyq29IlzhAN1exxx_-vaY\/s1151\/Late%20Bronze%20Age%20collapse%20in%20the%20Eastern%20Mediterranean.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"875\" data-original-width=\"1151\" height=\"486\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhuCNOpI0Dljc0Uk3KFhbRzeObnJApBnbRoGvgwsM9THZh5a9UNyWk49euUXVHwnAHU3gOQyVQqm033nNX8hyphenhyphen_mifvT2wQif4PDvly5OAeRdEBMqszZ4Xhx3VolU7LFUHRf6LTDipJh3Uo0cZb5XpSO50dS1W5IELUpx2TbyCeyq29IlzhAN1exxx_-vaY\/w640-h486\/Late%20Bronze%20Age%20collapse%20in%20the%20Eastern%20Mediterranean.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EFigure 5: A map of \nthe Late Bronze Age collapse in the Eastern Mediterranean shows the \ncities which collapsed, and those which survived the initial \ndestruction. Credit: Lommes, CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EBut, if we think about it, the Sea Peoples were not such a powerful adversary, since they were easily annihilated by Ramses III, and therefore - while they might have defeated a few Hittite cities - they were unlikely to have reduced those cities to utter rubble. Besides, the Late Bronze Age collapse took place over a vast swathe of land in the eastern Mediterranean and the Sea Peoples certainly didn’t go anywhere after the thrashing they received in Egypt.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EMoreover, the catastrophic events in the Mediterranean region had persisted for some time during the Dark Ages. It was not just a collapse of cities that we are dealing with here. Famines had overtaken the lands, trade networks were disrupted, people forgot how to read and write, and all the cultural expressions of the Bronze Age were lost.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EClearly, this was not the work of some invaders of uncertain origin, but of Mother Nature. A major environmental cataclysm must have brought this on.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003ESome historians have pointed to the eruption of the Hekla volcano in Iceland as a potential trigger. The eruption of Hekla has been dated to around 1021 BCE (±130), and it caused worldwide temperatures to drop for nearly 18 years, as recorded in Irish bog oaks.[8] Since the explosion occurred nearly two hundred years after the beginning of the Late Bronze Age collapse it cannot be a regarded as a cause, although it certainly contributed to the woes already inflicting the people.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjnj6aPcY_kmvFHMCnvnlLmQAXPkL0dO6oWpBtsuiOAqHYlTo8pWK7ia1akUTvp63xdxW7xOZ28aNMGIQ39U8vlBWx1pFMjGfr81VLsy99GdGCZqXKd4HEB8t1-hWh9z13x385f64WJK0phCzYCiwTz_d1FcW8OfNrmC8fgfDu7cIbpgZYTff0jFKBd-QU\/s1400\/Hekla%20volcano,%20beyond%20a%20snowy%20field%20of%20volcanic%20ash,%20cogdogblog,%20CC%20BY%202.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"851\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"390\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjnj6aPcY_kmvFHMCnvnlLmQAXPkL0dO6oWpBtsuiOAqHYlTo8pWK7ia1akUTvp63xdxW7xOZ28aNMGIQ39U8vlBWx1pFMjGfr81VLsy99GdGCZqXKd4HEB8t1-hWh9z13x385f64WJK0phCzYCiwTz_d1FcW8OfNrmC8fgfDu7cIbpgZYTff0jFKBd-QU\/w640-h390\/Hekla%20volcano,%20beyond%20a%20snowy%20field%20of%20volcanic%20ash,%20cogdogblog,%20CC%20BY%202.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EFigure 6: Hekla volcano, beyond a snowy field of volcanic ash, Iceland. Credit: cogdogblog, CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EMeteor Airbursts?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EA possible cause for the Late Bronze Age collapse could be a series of meteor airbursts above the eastern Mediterranean region. When meteors explode in the air, they do not leave any impact craters, but their effects on human civilization can be utterly devastating. Shock waves from meteor airbursts can flatten cities and the intense temperatures from the explosions can cause violent conflagrations capable of melting mud-bricks and stone walls – which is what has been seen at many Late Bronze Age sites.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EAn well-known example of a meteor airburst is the Tunguska event of June 30, 1908, when a large meteor - about 120 feet across weighing 100 million kilograms - exploded over Eastern Siberia with the force of a 1000 Hiroshima nuclear bombs, and flattened over 2000 square kilometers of forest. Strong seismic waves and near-hurricane gusts of wind were felt 600 kilometers from the site. Locally, hundreds of reindeer were killed, but there was no evidence that any person was killed in the blast, due to the remoteness of the location. The same explosion over a densely populated city would have had tragic consequences on human life.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EIn the eastern Mediterranean, a devastating meteor airburst had occurred a few centuries prior to the Late Bronze Age collapse. In 2021, a team of scientists discovered that the Bronze Age city of Tall el-Hammam in Jordan had been completely flattened by a Tunguska-sized meteor airburst at around 1650 BCE. The high temperatures from the airburst melted pottery shards and clay bricks and produced diamond-like carbon, while the incredible pressures shocked quartz crystals. Their findings were published in the journal \u003Ci\u003ENature\u003C\/i\u003E.[9] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgBzgo9hxv2aTGIvaSFVlWZaCWF9hwvlRxxsGjEQbykIZXrt68FVljLRRpFKHAWkdIH3inx2mgU6SWr7h0gtEvHSP8PSHk-7-SJ4LzaQNjprv_WW9ws80N5YhcmAIBsfzDjsOMp7qY8-vXKT2Q7lVqW9Qx0qqZqKeLNI6dANIslmS9Y0CHImUY8biUai6M\/s1000\/tall-el-hammam-excavation-uc-santa-barbara.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"750\" data-original-width=\"1000\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgBzgo9hxv2aTGIvaSFVlWZaCWF9hwvlRxxsGjEQbykIZXrt68FVljLRRpFKHAWkdIH3inx2mgU6SWr7h0gtEvHSP8PSHk-7-SJ4LzaQNjprv_WW9ws80N5YhcmAIBsfzDjsOMp7qY8-vXKT2Q7lVqW9Qx0qqZqKeLNI6dANIslmS9Y0CHImUY8biUai6M\/w640-h480\/tall-el-hammam-excavation-uc-santa-barbara.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EFigure 7: Tall el-Hammam excavations. Credit: UC Santa Barbara\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003ESome researchers believe that, Tall el-Hammam could be the biblical city of Sodom mentioned in the \u003Ci\u003EGenesis\u003C\/i\u003E, which, in addition to Gomorrah, had been destroyed by God, since its inhabitants had become wicked. As per the \u003Ci\u003EGenesis\u003C\/i\u003E, fire and sulfur had rained down on the cities, which levelled the buildings, killed all the inhabitants and destroyed the vegetation in the fields.[10] \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EJames Kennett, emeritus professor of Earth Science at UC Santa Barbara, who was leading the research team, said that, “All the observations stated in Genesis are consistent with a cosmic airburst…but there's no scientific proof that this destroyed city is indeed the Sodom of the Old Testament.”[11] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EWhile the biblical identity of Tall el-Hammam will continue to be debated, it is becoming evident that meteor airbursts can have devastating consequences on human civilization, and many such events have occurred in the past. But, did anything of this sort occur during the time of the Late Bronze collapse?\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Kaali Crater\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EA recent scientific paper published in the \u003Ci\u003EInternational Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics\u003C\/i\u003E (2020), claims that the Kaali Crater in Estonia - which is named after a small village called Kaali located close to the impact site - was caused by a meteorite impact between 1183 - 1162 BCE. The force of the impact set up a Baltic-wide mega-tsunami at 1171 BCE, and caused violent seismotectonic effect in Sweden. The author of the paper, Nils-Axel Morner, a retired geologist of the Stockholm University wrote,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“At about 1200 cal. yr. BC something quite unique occurred in the Baltic region: a meteorite impacted the ground on Saaremaa Island in Estonia giving rise to the Kaali Crater and 8 minor impact marks. At the same time along the Swedish east coast, we record high-magnitude paleoseismic activity, ground shaking with power of fracturing the bedrock, intensive methane venting tectonics, and the occurrence of a mega-tsunami with a run-up on the order of 15 m. In this paper, we propose that all the events occurred at the same time, and that the geodynamic events along the Swedish east coast were all triggered by the Kaali impact.”[12]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe main Kaali Crater has a diameter of around 110 m and a depth of 25 m, including its debris rim. Today, the crater has a lake in it, fed by groundwater and precipitation. There are eight minor craters within 1 km of the main crater, with diameters ranging from 12 – 40 m. It is believed that these craters were created when a large meteor, weighing anywhere between 400 – 1000 tons entered the earth’s atmosphere and fragmented into multiple pieces, which struck the Saaremaa Island in Estonia with a velocity of about 10 - 20 km. per second.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgwNVkthe82MmpGddgi_ogx2Sy35k4Tl2Y9IvqTrnMN0fS0WTnmQE7wHlf2VJNwUfhwOE9rs_nXNdM5s0MSjPQ0L2-JTDUr3O9VFzDSVjD6JrlHnB5R8DLBYt1yomrBqNCO8BLWerLcgjJjSaQDPedjFlj9bnT49xIdiGmpL7tHVp6dFvNzLuf57N28HZM\/s858\/Kaali%20crater%20location%20of%20map.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"720\" data-original-width=\"858\" height=\"336\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgwNVkthe82MmpGddgi_ogx2Sy35k4Tl2Y9IvqTrnMN0fS0WTnmQE7wHlf2VJNwUfhwOE9rs_nXNdM5s0MSjPQ0L2-JTDUr3O9VFzDSVjD6JrlHnB5R8DLBYt1yomrBqNCO8BLWerLcgjJjSaQDPedjFlj9bnT49xIdiGmpL7tHVp6dFvNzLuf57N28HZM\/w400-h336\/Kaali%20crater%20location%20of%20map.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EFigure 8: The Kaali Crater is located on Saaremaa Island off the coast of Estonia. Source: Google Maps\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi2EBw7izUIUTF3uhwXHK3jOf9g-pIcR69JW2oq_QjEL7hza8EIYJOc4bIKojC5Uat_bbz2JdgsBA12TNcQyBzZTYHXXHaY7Cl6OFtDeo7t-X62EZzrHQ_CIqNiIW8aLl7JRzJ2-SMH2BBvkTtRR032PyiwztrFnVOO6vb1voIDHZ7opd4PLl4eAGfH1II\/s1400\/Kaali%20crater%20on%20Saaremaa%20Island,%20Estonia,%20viewed%20from%20near%20the%20debris%20rim,%20Mannobult%20CC%20BY%20SA%203%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"674\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"308\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi2EBw7izUIUTF3uhwXHK3jOf9g-pIcR69JW2oq_QjEL7hza8EIYJOc4bIKojC5Uat_bbz2JdgsBA12TNcQyBzZTYHXXHaY7Cl6OFtDeo7t-X62EZzrHQ_CIqNiIW8aLl7JRzJ2-SMH2BBvkTtRR032PyiwztrFnVOO6vb1voIDHZ7opd4PLl4eAGfH1II\/w640-h308\/Kaali%20crater%20on%20Saaremaa%20Island,%20Estonia,%20viewed%20from%20near%20the%20debris%20rim,%20Mannobult%20CC%20BY%20SA%203%20small.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EFigure 9: The Kaali \ncrater on Saaremaa Island, Estonia, viewed from near the debris rim. \nCredit: Mannobult CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EThere have been ongoing debates about the age of the Kaali Crater, with the span of uncertainty ranging between 1700 BCE – 1000 BCE. New mathematical models used by Brendan Duffy for the computation of the boundary age for the onset of sedimentation within the crater provides dates ranging from 1183 BCE - 1162 BCE. This is in close agreement with the 1171 BCE date for the Baltic-wide mega-tsunami that has been recorded at 11 sites in Sweden.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003ENils-Axel Morner has proposed that a large meteor fragment must have fallen into the Baltic Sea, somewhere between Estonia and Sweden, and caused the mega-tsunami. Around the same time, there was an abnormal peak of seismotectonic events at 13 sites in Sweden resulting in bedrock deformation, large-scale liquefaction, and explosive methane venting tectonics.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EThe timing of the impact i.e. between 1183 - 1162 BCE coincides with the catastrophe that struck the eastern Mediterranean at the beginning of the 12th century BCE. Since multiple fragments of the meteorite struck the land in Estonia, and a large fragment probably fell into the Baltic Sea, all of them may have originated from a large, disintegrating, comet.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EIt is quite possible that some large chunks of cometary debris exploded over the eastern Mediterranean region, flattening the Bronze Age cities, and causing the mud-bricks and stone masonry to melt. Cosmic airbursts and impact events can also destroy the vegetation in the fields and induce widespread aridity, thereby causing famines. Since volcanism can also be triggered by meteor impacts, the Hekla eruption could have been a result of these bombardments.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EThe reason why the Sea Peoples were invading other cultures of that time was possibly because they were one of the first victims of the meteor airbursts; and having lost their homes and food sources, they were searching around for a new place to settle.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EThere are indications that meteor impacts continued to occur during the Dark Ages. Lars Franzen and Thomas Larsson of Goeteborg University, Sweden, have presented evidence from sites in Tunisia and Sweden, which show that,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“A major atmospheric cooling event, accompanied by excessive precipitation, which led to flooding, occurred around 1000 BCE. The event was sudden and widespread, and the finding of small glassy spherules pointed to a possible impact origin. Franzen and Larsson suggested that an asteroid or comet of diameter in the range 0.5-5 km may have landed in the eastern Atlantic around 1000 BCE, affecting in particular Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.”[13]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003ENow, why would the earth be subjected to an extended period of bombardment from asteroids and meteors? From where did these impactors originate? The answer to that question probably lies within the dense core of the Taurid meteor stream. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Taurid Swarm\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EThe Taurids are the largest meteor stream in the inner solar system. It contains some large chunks of rocks that have struck the earth in the past. Most scientists believe that the Beta Taurids – which is the section of the stream we cross from June 5 to July 18, with peak activity on June 29 – was the source of the Tunguska meteor of June 30, 1908.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EThe progenitor of the Taurid stream was a giant comet, around 50 - 100 km in diameter, which had entered the inner solar system at least 20,000 to 30,000 years ago. The comet was tossed into a short-term orbit around the Sun, and disintegrated in stages, leaving behind the trail of debris known as the Taurid meteor stream or Taurid Complex.[14] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgzZPwh52UTem8EFF62zfgEVTtdERPAMYbgz5r89gjZFOBHGXZ3I4M3XdbIviXcghtCCy6t8edijCgGlwjwkb-7JyKL6W7qw7pdKUh413bLExKCVXiAKDTsCG0Q2ogb3UAJXwovv_eT9m2BzzUoLhcH2GoWZGjdMvMzafoE1g0BfWnZ3zh5oquBbJGI09k\/s1000\/Taurid%20Resonant%20Swarm%20Source%20skyandtelescope%20Credit%20David%20Clark%20%20Univ%20of%20Western%20Ontario.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"565\" data-original-width=\"1000\" height=\"362\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgzZPwh52UTem8EFF62zfgEVTtdERPAMYbgz5r89gjZFOBHGXZ3I4M3XdbIviXcghtCCy6t8edijCgGlwjwkb-7JyKL6W7qw7pdKUh413bLExKCVXiAKDTsCG0Q2ogb3UAJXwovv_eT9m2BzzUoLhcH2GoWZGjdMvMzafoE1g0BfWnZ3zh5oquBbJGI09k\/w640-h362\/Taurid%20Resonant%20Swarm%20Source%20skyandtelescope%20Credit%20David%20Clark%20%20Univ%20of%20Western%20Ontario.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EFigure 10: The Earth \ncrosses the Taurid meteor stream twice in course of its annual orbit. \nThe dense swarm of comets within the stream is called the Taurid \nResonant Swarm. Credit: David Clark, University of Western Ontario.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EThe giant progenitor comet of the Taurid meteor stream still remains hidden in the center of the Taurids, moving within a tightly packed swarm consisting of several large comets formed by the fragmentation of the progenitor (all of which are in a dormant state), and dozens of full-size asteroids up to 1 km wide. This dense cluster of comets and asteroids within the Taurid meteor stream is called the “Taurid Resonant Swarm”. The faint Comet Encke, which is the only visible comet within the Taurid meteor stream today, could be a recently reactivated fragment of the Taurid progenitor comet.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EIn an article in the \u003Ci\u003ENational Geographic\u003C\/i\u003E, Australian astronomer Duncan Steel provided an estimate of how often we get hit by the comets and asteroids within the Taurid swarm:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“Every 2,500 to 3,000 years or so, the core of the Taurid stream passes near Earth and produces much more intense meteor showers for a few centuries, said Steel. A gap of a few centuries separates the era of intensity between Northern Taurids and Southern Taurids.”[15]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThis is a significant observation from the perspective of the Late Bronze Age collapse. If the earth had passed through the dense core of the Taurids towards the beginning of the 12th century BCE, then it would have resulted in intense meteor showers over a period of a few centuries – with consequent cosmic airbursts and impact events - which could account for all the calamities that befell the eastern Mediterranean region over the next 400 years. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe area of collapse, in fact, was much wider than the eastern Mediterranean. In reality, the Greek Dark Ages was a time of global collapse of civilization. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EA Global Catastrophe\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EEverywhere we look around the world, the period from 1200 BCE – 700 BCE was the time when the erstwhile Bronze Age cultures collapsed and gave way to the Iron Age civilizations. In Persia, for instance, the Median kingdom emerged in the 8th century BCE, but what do we know about the Bronze Age cultures of the region? Very little, for all of them disappeared, and it is only at sites like Jiroft that we get an inkling of Bronze Age Persia.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EThe Indus Valley civilization had already undergone a catastrophic collapse at around 1900 BCE due to a host of environmental conditions – notably droughts and earthquakes - and most Indus cities had been abandoned by 1700 BCE. However, a Late Harappan, post-urban culture continued to survive in parts of Sindh and Saurashtra, which was characterized by relative poverty in their material culture – crude pottery, poorly constructed buildings, disappearance of urban amenities etc. The Late Harappan phase continued till around 1000 - 900 BCE,[16] and ended due to factors not clearly known. After a gap of nearly 400 years we see the emergence of the 16 Great Kingdoms (Mahajanapadas) in the Gangetic plains at around 600 BCE, marking the beginning of the Iron Age culture of India. While certain Harappan traditions were carried over to the later-day Indian civilization, many elements of their skills, beliefs, customs, and socio-cultural set up were lost forever.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003ECatastrophe also struck the Olmec civilization of Mesoamerica at this time. The center of Olmec culture in the early years was at San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan. However, in c.950 BCE there was a wholesale destruction of San Lorenzo monuments. The site was abandoned at around 900 BCE, and the center of power shifted to La Venta soon afterwards. Mesoamerican scholars believe that severe environmental changes may have been responsible for this shift in Olmec centers, with certain important rivers changing course.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EApparently, the Greek Dark Ages was a time when civilizations across the world got a drastic reboot. The old ways of doing things were violently erased, and while some elements of the Bronze Age societies were carried forward, we mostly see the emergence of new artistic styles, religious beliefs, philosophies, architecture, and modes of governance. This brings to mind those haunting words that the Egyptian priest of Sais had spoken to Solon, the Athenian law-giver, when Solon had gone to Egypt at around 600 BCE: \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“Whereas just when you and other nations are beginning to be provided with letters and the other requisites of civilized life, after the usual interval, the stream from heaven, like a pestilence, comes pouring down, and leaves only those of you who are destitute of letters and education; and so you have to begin all over again like children, and know nothing of what happened in ancient times, either among us or among yourselves.”[17]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe “stream from heaven” that the Egyptian priest spoke of, could refer to the Taurid meteor stream, which plays a crucial role in the periodic annihilation of civilization.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EIn my book \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, I have shown that, as per the Yuga Cycle timeline, the “Greek Dark Ages” (c.1200 to 800 BCE) that followed the Late Bronze Age collapse correspond to the period of transition between the descending Kali Yuga and the ascending Kali Yuga in the Yuga Cycle. The descending Kali Yuga, which started in 3676 BCE, is what historians refer to as the Bronze Age, while the ascending Kali Yuga, which began in 676 BCE, is known to us as the Iron Age. I have also identified the Taurid Resonant Swarm as the primary trigger for the cataclysms of the transitional periods between the Yugas.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReferences\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E[1] Robert Drews, The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C., Princeton University Press, 1993, p. 3-4.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[2] Ibid p. 8.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[3] Ibid p. 24\u003Cbr \/\u003E[4] Dave Roos, “What Caused Ancient Egypt’s Decline?”, History, 10 August 2022, https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/decline-ancient-egypt-causes\u003Cbr \/\u003E[5] Ibid p. 3.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[6] Robert Drews, The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C., op. cit., p. 7.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[7] \"The Sea Peoples’ Inscriptions and Excavation Results\", Luwian Studies, https:\/\/luwianstudies.org\/the-sea-peoples-inscriptions-and-excavation-results\/\u003Cbr \/\u003E[8] Mike Baillie, “Do Irish bog oaks date the Shang dynasty?” Current Archaeology 1989, 10: 310–313.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[9] Ted E. Bunch et al, “A Tunguska sized airburst destroyed Tall el-Hammam a Middle Bronze Age city in the Jordan Valley near the Dead Sea”, Scientific Reports, 2021, Vol.11, Article No.18632, https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-97778-3\u003Cbr \/\u003E[10] Genesis 19:24-26.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[11] Sonia Fernandez, “Evidence that a cosmic impact destroyed ancient city in the Jordan Valley”, Phys.org, 20 September 2021, https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2021-09-evidence-cosmic-impact-ancient-city.html\u003Cbr \/\u003E[12] N. Mörner, “The Kaali Impact as Trigger of a Mega-Tsunami Event and Violent Seismotectonics in Sweden”, International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2020, Vol.10, No.3, pp. 235-246, https:\/\/www.scirp.org\/journal\/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=103095\u003Cbr \/\u003E[13] Trevor Palmer, Robert N. Brandon, Perilous Planet Earth: Catastrophes and Catastrophism Through the Ages, Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 344.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[14] D.I. Steel, D.J. Asher, S.V.M Clube, “The Taurid Complex: Giant Comet Origin?” International Astronomical Union Colloquium, 1991, Vol. 126, pp. 327-330, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0252921100067063 \u003Cbr \/\u003E[15] John Roach, “Meteor Shower Promises Seven Shooting Stars an Hour”, National Geographic News, 7 November 2003, https:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/2003\/11\/1107_031107_taurids.html\u003Cbr \/\u003E[16] Jim G. Shaffer, “Reurbanization: The Eastern Punjab and Beyond”, Studies in the History of Art, 1993, vol. 31, pp. 53–67.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[17] Plato, Timaeus, http:\/\/classics.mit.edu\/Plato\/timaeus.html\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/4167605369154706085\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/11\/the-kaali-impact-crater-and-late-bronze.html#comment-form","title":"2 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/4167605369154706085"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/4167605369154706085"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/11\/the-kaali-impact-crater-and-late-bronze.html","title":"The Kaali Impact Crater and the Late Bronze Age collapse"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjpN_pgapDUcxiMAqkFjIQ713Zkh0E12-U0fzY78uN5GNw4DgoggRnrDdLSYLk5HzR4ByxgGKFFZZbqWzUsdVxY4mCHeJJLFNPftxCdnQIArJIbyJ-iCuIhywx4KgdrNZYQEpBfxxFB6wz5ZWrS9iThoOItT5zOukROhFmvZAVnvhAQNoBIog4RziG15R4\/s72-c\/Meteor%20Airbursts%20thumbnail.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"2"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-2807348724985314784"},"published":{"$t":"2024-11-08T18:57:00.009+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2025-08-02T12:55:16.811+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Precession of the Equinoxes is caused by the Rotation of the Solar System"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgIP3WyhMPdW_KgiFo8CRsAYVojzpQAbj799Jal9f35VxZnkPtO5vmn1zL6vaYMvb5lb-jubcUpKSJrCDfC6kBlKGfmKIRT90LpS2K6O9_VwxA6ZSGgWh8jMTj0zh_Cq3ErOAbKazJhriE-mgQCbnPiB2ABdUIUJ6h2LOIkAWOYywe3EFQTtDZflLKf05k\/s500\/Precession%20of%20the%20Equinoxes%20Yuga%20Cycle%20thumbnail.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"378\" data-original-width=\"500\" height=\"242\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgIP3WyhMPdW_KgiFo8CRsAYVojzpQAbj799Jal9f35VxZnkPtO5vmn1zL6vaYMvb5lb-jubcUpKSJrCDfC6kBlKGfmKIRT90LpS2K6O9_VwxA6ZSGgWh8jMTj0zh_Cq3ErOAbKazJhriE-mgQCbnPiB2ABdUIUJ6h2LOIkAWOYywe3EFQTtDZflLKf05k\/s320\/Precession%20of%20the%20Equinoxes%20Yuga%20Cycle%20thumbnail.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Precession of the Equinoxes\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ETraditionally, the vernal equinox date (March 21st) has served as a reference point for calendars, for most ancient cultures. The ancient astronomers were aware that position of the vernal equinox sun, relative to the fixed stars of the zodiac, drifts slowly backwards along the zodiac, completing an entire 360\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E°\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E circuit around the zodiac in about 25,800 years. This slow movement of the equinoctial point backwards along the zodiac is called the “precession of the equinoxes” or simply, precession, while the cycle duration of 25,800 years is called the “precession cycle” of the earth.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EEven though the Greek astronomer Hipparchus is generally credited with the discovery of precession in c.133 BCE, Hipparchus’s value of precession was off the mark by a fair bit. His calculated value of around 1° per century translates to a precession cycle of 36,000 years. In comparison, the value of precession given in the \u003Ci\u003ESurya-Siddhanta\u003C\/i\u003E, the astronomical treatise of ancient India, is 54 arc-seconds per year, which gives us a precession cycle of 24,000 years.[1] This is more accurate, and the \u003Ci\u003ESurya Siddhanta\u003C\/i\u003E has existed in a written form since at least the 6th century BCE, and had been transmitted through oral traditions for many thousands of years prior to that.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe philosophers of ancient India referred to the precession cycle of the earth by another name – the Yuga Cycle. In the late 19th century, an Indian yogi named Sri Yukteswar Giri wrote a book called \u003Ci\u003EThe Holy Science \u003C\/i\u003E(1894), in which Yukteswar said that a complete Yuga Cycle is of 24,000 years duration, and is comprised of an ascending cycle of 12,000 years when virtue gradually increases followed by a descending cycle of another 12,000 years, in which virtue gradually decreases.[2]\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe Greco-Roman philosophers knew the Yuga Cycle as the Great Year or Platonic Year, and as per the Roman philosopher Cicero, the duration of the Great Year is 12,954 years.[3] If we assume that this value is that of the precession half-cycle, then the complete cycle becomes 25,908 years, which is quite close to the scientifically measured value of the precession cycle i.e. 25,800 years.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn my book \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, I have proposed a revised framework of the Yuga Cycle, as per which the duration of the Yuga Cycle is 25,800 years and is exactly equal to the precession cycle of the earth. This led me to explore the two competing theories of precession, namely the “lunisolar theory” and the “binary theory”. Having investigated both of them, I came to the realization that both of these theories have their own shortcomings, and do not explain the phenomenon in its entirety. I have proposed that the precession of the equinoxes is caused by the clockwise rotation of the Solar System on its axis, once in 25,800 years, as it revolves around the Galactic Center.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn this article, which is based on my book \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, I shall explore the current theories of precession and their drawbacks, and why the proposed theory is the simplest and most elegant explanation for the precession of the equinoxes, and is perfectly aligned with the known laws of celestial mechanics.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Phenomenon of Precession\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe twelve constellations of the zodiac encircle our solar system like a giant ring, and as the earth rotates on its axis from west to east, the constellations appear to move across the sky from east to west.\u0026nbsp; Moreover, as the earth moves along its orbit around the sun in an anti-clockwise direction, the position of the sun relative to the background constellation also changes every month, moving from Aries to Taurus to Gemini and so on, in course of the solar year.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn the present epoch, on the vernal equinox date of 21st March, the sun appears very close to the beginning of the Pisces constellation, near its boundary with the Aquarius constellation. This can be determined by drawing a line from the earth to the sun and extending it to the ring of fixed stars beyond. One would, therefore, expect that, every year on March 21st, when the earth reaches the same point in its orbit, the sun will appear in front of the Pisces constellation. But that’s not what happens in reality.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh1XLoyY0CuC7qC2KyJ_vHQ7PEG35H0wAj8Z7nr1f_X7hNR10kTlo9_KktTkzU4B7B1M_37OjPACpGjB9JrvTpkrRSFNSbO7T6XlrPmA6LRkq_xTIQBj2GJ6gMhgtLLBQgFDnJs35J060TYf7c6_xi-0sJhJbUCMQ_uhih9S1cAf0Xd3Mm2ouRVUDSNCc0\/s1400\/36%20Zodiac%20Constellations%20Yuga%20Cycle.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The Zodiac Constellations\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1059\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"484\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh1XLoyY0CuC7qC2KyJ_vHQ7PEG35H0wAj8Z7nr1f_X7hNR10kTlo9_KktTkzU4B7B1M_37OjPACpGjB9JrvTpkrRSFNSbO7T6XlrPmA6LRkq_xTIQBj2GJ6gMhgtLLBQgFDnJs35J060TYf7c6_xi-0sJhJbUCMQ_uhih9S1cAf0Xd3Mm2ouRVUDSNCc0\/w640-h484\/36%20Zodiac%20Constellations%20Yuga%20Cycle.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure 1: The zodiac \nconstellations encircle the solar system like a giant ring. On the \nvernal equinox date, the Sun appears in front of the Pisces \nconstellation. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EVery soon – perhaps, in a few decades - the vernal equinox sun will appear in front of the Aquarius constellation. In this manner, the vernal equinox point slowly shifts its position relative to the fixed stars of the zodiac at the rate of 1\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E°\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E every 71.67 years, spending roughly 2150 years in each constellation, and completing the entire 360\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E°\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E circuit around the zodiac in nearly 25,800 years.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThis slow change in the position of the equinoctial sun against the backdrop of the fixed stars is called the precession of the equinoxes or simply precession, while the cycle duration of 25,800 years is called a precession cycle. The movement of the equinoctial point due to precession takes place backwards along the zodiac from Pisces to Aquarius to Capricorn and so on.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe time that the vernal equinox sun spends in each zodiac constellation is called an \u003Ci\u003EAstrological Age\u003C\/i\u003E, which is of 2150 years duration (2150*12 = 25,800 years). Over the past 2000-odd years, the vernal equinox sun has been in the Pisces constellation, and we have been living in the Age of Pisces. Today, the vernal equinox sun is near the boundary between the Pisces and Aquarius constellations, which means we are about to transition from the Age of Pisces to the Age of Aquarius.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ESince the boundaries between the constellations are not precisely defined by a specific star or asterism, the exact date of transition from one Astrological Age to another is kind of hazy and subject to individual interpretation. After moving to Aquarius, the vernal equinox sun will spend 2150 years in Aquarius before moving to Capricorn. In this manner, human civilization will live through twelve Astrological Ages in a complete precession cycle of 25,800 years.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EDue to precession, the Pole Star also keeps on changing over long periods of time. Currently, the North Celestial Pole of the earth (i.e. the projection of the earth’s axis in the northern sky) points to the star Polaris, which is regarded as the Pole Star. But almost 5,000 years ago the earth’s axis pointed towards the star Thuban in the constellation of Draco, which was the Pole Star of that period. In another 5,500 years, the North Celestial Pole will point towards the star Alderamin in the Cephus constellation, which will be the Pole Star of that epoch. The North Celestial Pole traces out a circle around the North Ecliptic Pole in course of the precession cycle of 25,800 years.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhUzxi5zaIXxEhbWTtkIuO4WfKIax0Sr6MVKcZ69ydwV426lpkCdaVIcKpNGTr9dwby4jLimFCpxkPLIuuwtMSR0mST7K_6h2ZMG8lwA8Dn749splUKpNriv43PZjwaj1u7z3r9ozTk1lQrBwrdJJpMIo2pqS9E8eKiR7PNVFBHmmPK_vrp9d_GcDPHpYc\/s902\/37%20precession%20pole%20star%20wikimedia%20adapted.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"902\" data-original-width=\"900\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhUzxi5zaIXxEhbWTtkIuO4WfKIax0Sr6MVKcZ69ydwV426lpkCdaVIcKpNGTr9dwby4jLimFCpxkPLIuuwtMSR0mST7K_6h2ZMG8lwA8Dn749splUKpNriv43PZjwaj1u7z3r9ozTk1lQrBwrdJJpMIo2pqS9E8eKiR7PNVFBHmmPK_vrp9d_GcDPHpYc\/w399-h400\/37%20precession%20pole%20star%20wikimedia%20adapted.jpg\" width=\"399\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure 2: The North \nCelestial Pole traces out a circle around the North Ecliptic Pole over \n25,800 years. The Pole Star at around 3000 BCE was Thuban, while in \nanother 8000 years it will be Deneb. Source: Adapted from Tau?olunga CC \nBY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWhat is it that causes the equinox point to shift backwards along the zodiac? The current scientific explanation is that the earth behaves like a “wobbling top”, that moves backwards as it spins. This theory is officially called the lunisolar theory of precession, since the combined gravitational force of the sun and the moon are believed to be causing precession.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Lunisolar Theory of Precession\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBefore proceeding, we need to understand what is meant by “equinox”. The equinox is the exact instant when earth's rotational axis is absolutely perpendicular to the sun-earth line. During an equinox, the earth’s axis neither tilts towards or away from the sun.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAs per the lunisolar theory, as the earth revolves around the sun, the combined gravitational force of the sun and the moon acts on the earth’s bulge, and slightly twists the earth’s spin axis in a clockwise manner. As a result, the equinox - which is the perpendicular alignment between the earth's rotation axis and the sun-earth line - occurs slightly before the earth completes a 360° revolution around the sun. Every year the equinox occurs after the earth moves 359°59´9.72´´around the sun and not a complete 360°. In other words, the equinox occurs 50.28 arc seconds before a complete 360° revolution.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EEffectively, this means that, from equinox to equinox, the earth is slipping backwards along its orbit by 50.28 arc seconds every year. This is what causes the position of the equinoctial sun to precess relative to the fixed stars of the zodiac at the rate of 50.28 arc seconds every year or 1° every 71.6 years.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh8xyZeD2hpd8pE5dgs8jELGdBR_HBs5QvtPBE3wn9kbc7nNPe98_BHuCNRUOev-EDWlnt2xGeOXjKDgdnF0h9m2CET8ONNdAiBv9IrLqe3UhhdLLCg_fXH4PXBn98VU5yDJ2dKWG40DIiCNqk3h5rHQP8cV-JcIpClG8z0xKMKs9ms0GpvH3rZ8unj18Y\/s1400\/41%20Precession%20of%20the%20Equinoxes%20Yuga%20Cycle.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Precession of the Equinoxes\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1057\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"484\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh8xyZeD2hpd8pE5dgs8jELGdBR_HBs5QvtPBE3wn9kbc7nNPe98_BHuCNRUOev-EDWlnt2xGeOXjKDgdnF0h9m2CET8ONNdAiBv9IrLqe3UhhdLLCg_fXH4PXBn98VU5yDJ2dKWG40DIiCNqk3h5rHQP8cV-JcIpClG8z0xKMKs9ms0GpvH3rZ8unj18Y\/w640-h484\/41%20Precession%20of%20the%20Equinoxes%20Yuga%20Cycle.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure 3: On March \n21st, 2023, the equinoctial Sun appeared at the border of the Pisces and\n Aquarius constellations. After 72 years, on March 21st 2095, the Earth \nwould have slipped backwards along its orbit by 1°, and the equinoctial \nSun may appear in front of Aquarius. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOver a period of 25,800 years, the earth completes a retrograde motion on its own spin axis, and one retrograde orbit around the sun. This is why earth is said to behave like a “wobbling top”, that moves backwards as it spins.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn a nutshell, therefore, as per the lunisolar theory, the earth does not complete a 360° revolution around the sun from equinox to equinox, and instead comes up slightly short by 50.28 arc seconds every year, or 1° every 71.6 years. This causes the position of the equinox sun to precess relative to the fixed stars of the zodiac by the same amount.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOn the face of it, the lunisolar theory sounds plausible. There shouldn’t really be any reason for us to doubt it, right? Neither did I, until I read Walter Cruttenden’s book, \u003Ci\u003ELost Star of Myth and Time\u003C\/i\u003E.[4] Cruttenden put forward convincing arguments indicating that the currently accepted lunisolar theory of precession has major flaws which do not accord with observations.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOne of his interesting arguments is that the earth does not appear to precess with respect to the meteor streams within the solar system. We know that the earth passes through a number of meteor streams that intersect its orbit. The meteor streams are “rivers of debris” left behind by a comet with an Earth-crossing orbit. When the earth passes through a meteor stream, some of the meteoroids enter the atmosphere at high speeds and burn up due to friction, producing a dazzling streak of light that we call a meteor or shooting star.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjaYCjT5ahoq4wg1gJRTqOllzctzn5rqhVOh_aLp7PQEbWuDjJjERri369X5KcNmtxuhVSoyMVRYgIlVZNgH7gVf9m5ziKtIItxCO0B47URPrMRRSymkMdoO3oRa_puIXk7RmNSvEAKv93H598pbDSa7ir4XXWFFDjs5sxsbhrko8jBR5EaXsvPUaHIuec\/s1200\/42%20Perseid%20Meteor%20Stream%20Yuga%20Cycle1.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"812\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"271\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjaYCjT5ahoq4wg1gJRTqOllzctzn5rqhVOh_aLp7PQEbWuDjJjERri369X5KcNmtxuhVSoyMVRYgIlVZNgH7gVf9m5ziKtIItxCO0B47URPrMRRSymkMdoO3oRa_puIXk7RmNSvEAKv93H598pbDSa7ir4XXWFFDjs5sxsbhrko8jBR5EaXsvPUaHIuec\/w400-h271\/42%20Perseid%20Meteor%20Stream%20Yuga%20Cycle1.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure 4: The Earth \npasses through the center of the Perseid meteor stream on August 12th, \nevery year. This date has not changed due to precession. Credit: Bibhu \nDev Misra.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe earth passes through these meteor streams like clockwork on specific dates of the calendar year. For instance, the Perseids peak on August 12th, the Orionids on October 21st, the Northern Taurids on November 12th and so on. There is evidence that humans have been watching meteor showers for ages. The Perseids and the Eta Aquarids have been observed for at least 2000 years, while the first known recorded Leonid event was in 902 CE.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAs per the lunisolar theory of precession, the earth moves backwards along the orbit by 50.28 arc seconds every year. If that were the case, the dates of the meteor showers should have also changed over time, since the meteor streams intersect the earth’s orbit at specific points. The Perseid meteor shower peaks on August 12th, when the earth crosses stream of particles spread along the orbit of Comet Swift-Tuttle. This date should have moved almost six days since the Gregorian Calendar Reforms in 1582. But records show that it has not changed, even though the orientation of the equinoctial points relative to the fixed stars has changed in this period.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWhat does this mean? It means that the earth does not move backwards along its orbit as required by lunisolar precession.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWhile the earth does not precess relative to the fixed meteor streams, it is somewhat complicated to determine if the earth precesses with respect to other objects within the solar system such as the moon and the other planets, since they have their own motions in their respective orbits. However, as Cruttenden points out in his book, lunar rotation equations – the same numbers that are used to plot eclipse cycles – assumes that the earth goes around the sun 360\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E°\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E from equinox to equinox, and does not take into account the backward slippage of the equinox along the orbit, as required by lunisolar precession.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EBesides, if precession were due to lunisolar forces, then shouldn’t all the other planets of the solar system - such as Jupiter with its 79 moons, or Saturn with its 82 moons - also experience precession in different amounts and directions, and therefore slip backward or move forward in their orbits every year? There is absolutely no reason to think that it is only the earth which gets affected by the lunisolar forces, and not the other planets of the solar system. However, neither the precession of the earth, nor those of other planets, are factored into the programs that compute transit times or planetary conjunctions, and yet, all of these routines function quite perfectly.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThis implies that, objects within the solar system do not precess with respect to each other. Hence, precession cannot be due to the lunisolar forces twisting the earth’s axis and causing it to slip back in its orbit. Rather, precession must be due to a motion of the entire solar system. The solar system as a whole is changing its orientation relative to the fixed stars.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Binary Star Hypothesis\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECruttenden advanced the hypothesis that that our sun may be part of a binary star system. Stars in a binary system are gravitationally bound to each other, and orbit a common center of mass. The binary companions can be of similar or differing sizes, and the orbits can be as short as a few days or as long as thousands of years. It is estimated that nearly 50% of all the stars in the Milky Way may be part of a binary or multiple star relationship. Therefore, it would not be anything out of the ordinary if our sun were to have a binary companion as well.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIf the sun, along with the planets of the solar system, curved through space in a clockwise orbit around the common center of mass of a binary star system, then this will cause a change in orientation of the equinoctial points relative to the fixed stars. Thus, precession can be simply explained as an outcome of the solar system’s curved motion through space in a binary orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn a binary model, the earth will not slip back along its orbit every year. Instead, it will complete a 360° revolution around the sun from equinox and equinox. Therefore, the earth will not precess relative to the local objects within the solar system, nor will the other planets precess relative to us. The binary model, therefore, takes care of the limitations of the lunisolar theory.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhN5OU9egMMDaDim6-jvCCthw0Dh1KNjMVIAmN2LkGIoXVT0V2d50K5VpPIJekUglUzRdygsel2dv3VA6TGETy-Lbuyzl4WuN_elqpwJNk89jikpr-Gi_EbQd6I2bc4wxLKcpPywRvgjKzZHd2Onr1qeHlbt3m1IL1ih0jA9KnF1MFNj4TJBk546e95pQ0\/s1200\/43%20Binary%20Star%20system1.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Binary Star System\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"773\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"258\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhN5OU9egMMDaDim6-jvCCthw0Dh1KNjMVIAmN2LkGIoXVT0V2d50K5VpPIJekUglUzRdygsel2dv3VA6TGETy-Lbuyzl4WuN_elqpwJNk89jikpr-Gi_EbQd6I2bc4wxLKcpPywRvgjKzZHd2Onr1qeHlbt3m1IL1ih0jA9KnF1MFNj4TJBk546e95pQ0\/w400-h258\/43%20Binary%20Star%20system1.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure 5: Two \nstars in a binary system are gravitationally bound to each other and \nrevolve around a common center of mass. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECruttenden had stated in his book that his binary star hypothesis had been inspired by a statement made by Sri Yukteswar in the book \u003Ci\u003EThe Holy Science\u003C\/i\u003E (1894), in which Yukteswar wrote that,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“We learn from Oriental astronomy that…the sun, with its planets and their moons, takes some star for its dual and revolves around it in about 24,000 years of our earth – a celestial phenomenon which causes the backward movement of the equinoctial points around the zodiac.”[5]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ESri Yukteswar, quite clearly, did not take credit for the binary theory of precession, and had explicitly stated that it was the “Oriental astronomers” he was in touch with, who subscribed to the concept of a binary system, in order to explain the phenomenon of precession. Since the binary theory of precession has not been explicitly stated in any ancient Indian book of astronomy, it was probably transmitted orally, and was never written down.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWhen I had first read about the binary star hypothesis in Cruttenden’s book, it seemed like a very simple and elegant alternative to the lunisolar theory. It had none of the shortcomings of the lunisolar theory, and was based on the sun having a binary companion – which was quite realistic, given that there are so many stars with binary companions out there.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EHowever, the more I investigated this theory, the more it became apparent that the binary theory comes with its own set of flaws. A binary companion of the sun has not yet been found, in spite of extensive sky surveys. It is expected that a binary companion of the sun will be a red dwarf star or a brown dwarf star, for such stars have very low surface luminosity and are much smaller than our sun, because of which they cannot be easily spotted.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn 1984, astronomers Davis, Hut and Muller had proposed that the sun might have an unseen binary companion which could be responsible for the “mass extinction events” that occur periodically every 26 million years.[6] They had theorized that the sun’s binary companion may be in a 26-million-year elliptical orbit, which periodically disturbs the comets in the spherical Oort cloud that surrounds the solar system, with a consequential increase in impact events on the earth.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe hypothesized companion star became known as Nemesis. As per Richard Muller, Nemesis was most likely a faint “red dwarf star” with an apparent magnitude between 7 and 12, at a maximum distance of 3 light-years.[7]\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThis means Nemesis, if it exists, is not visible to the naked eye, since the naked eye can only detect stars with an apparent magnitude of up to 6.5. Astronomers, by that time, had already determined that there is no “visible star” (i.e. visible to the naked eye) in the vicinity of the solar system that is in a binary orbit with the sun, since the motions and distances of the nearby visible stars had been mapped out, and none of them qualify as a binary candidate.\u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIf a binary companion in a 26-million-year orbit can be at a maximum distance of 3 light-years from our sun, then it stands to reason that a binary companion in a 25,800-year orbit, as proposed by Cruttenden, should be much closer to the sun than 3 light-years. However, the IRAS (Infrared Astronomical Satellite) in the 1980’s, the 2MASS astronomical survey conducted from 1997 – 2001, and the most recent WISE mission (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer) launched in 2009, which used powerful infrared telescope technology capable of detecting red or brown dwarf stars as cool as 150 kelvins out to a distance of 10 light-years from the sun, have all failed to locate a red dwarf or brown dwarf star close enough to the sun to qualify as a binary candidate. As a result, most astronomers have given up the search for a binary companion, and believe that our sun is a lone star.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn spite of this, some people may argue that, maybe, the hypothetical binary companion is a very low luminosity dwarf star or, perhaps, it is hidden inside gas clouds, which is why we can’t find it. Our ability to not find it does not mean that the binary theory of precession is incorrect. That’s fair enough. We don’t know everything that is out there.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe reason why I believe that the binary hypothesis is incorrect is because of two important reasons. The first one is that, if the solar system were to move in a clockwise orbit around the common center of mass of a binary system, then the equinoctial points would not precess a full 360\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E°\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E around the zodiac. Rather, the equinoctial points would oscillate between two fixed points on the zodiac. In one half of the orbit, the equinoctial points would precess along the zodiac, while in the other half of the orbit they would move in the opposite direction\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhdtgEPMZNSSy7-yp3yu7w1LV4mR9B8Iv9-9FPJFggwEjxWMHfONHobnOJYdMbuBKnlqIBeLkeH6YLZmC6hXQCwpDphNFC_L1sSswl3MgkLDGSdxdDXDLzTi2b8hNhfYNT8tTh7FUoXYLzkGYsfPbd_LNhFY6XIyEb7GuZU7TqwVt4AjGVB6f5hydLm2xY\/s1400\/44%20Oscillation%20of%20Equinoxes%20in%20Binary%20System%20Yuga%20Cycle%20-%20Copy.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The oscillation of the equinoxes in a binary system\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1040\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"476\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhdtgEPMZNSSy7-yp3yu7w1LV4mR9B8Iv9-9FPJFggwEjxWMHfONHobnOJYdMbuBKnlqIBeLkeH6YLZmC6hXQCwpDphNFC_L1sSswl3MgkLDGSdxdDXDLzTi2b8hNhfYNT8tTh7FUoXYLzkGYsfPbd_LNhFY6XIyEb7GuZU7TqwVt4AjGVB6f5hydLm2xY\/w640-h476\/44%20Oscillation%20of%20Equinoxes%20in%20Binary%20System%20Yuga%20Cycle%20-%20Copy.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure 6: The \nsun-earth reference frame in a binary orbit around a common center of \nmass. The vernal equinox point will oscillate between two fixed points \nin the zodiac. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThis can be easily determined by plotting the sun-earth reference frame at different points in the hypothesized orbit, and drawing a straight line from the earth to the sun and extending it to the ring of fixed stars beyond. A binary system will produce an “oscillation of the equinoxes” and not a “precession of the equinoxes”. This is not acceptable. There is no indication, whatsoever, from historical data that the equinoctial points oscillate between fixed points on the zodiac.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAnother significant issue with the binary model is that, the spin axis of the earth will always point in the same direction, and will not trace out a circle around the North Ecliptic Pole, as is required of precession. As a result, the Pole Star will remain unchanged over the duration of the precession cycle, and will always be Polaris. This is not acceptable either. It is well-documented in the ancient texts that the Pole Star changes over time. Nearly 5,000 years ago the earth’s axis pointed towards the star Thuban in the constellation of Draco, which was the Pole Star of that period. Prof. R.N. Iyengar has shown that the star Thuban was known to the Vedic Indians as Dhruva; and the evidence from a number of Puranas and Yajurveda texts show clearly that, “in India, for the Yajurvedic people, Thuban was Dhruva the Pole Star c. 2800 BCE”.[8]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ESo, there are two primary issues with the binary hypothesis which makes it untenable. Firstly, in a binary model, there will be an “oscillation of the equinoxes” between two fixed point on the zodiac, and not precession of the equinoxes. Secondly, in a binary model, the Pole Star will remain unchanged. The binary model, therefore, cannot be treated as a valid explanation for the phenomenon of precession. It did seem like a simple and elegant option to me when I had first read about it, but, unfortunately, it falls short in key areas.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWhich means, we need to look for an alternative explanation. And, indeed, there is one: a simpler model of precession that explains all the nitty-gritties without the need for any additional variables, and is perfectly aligned with our understanding of celestial mechanics.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Solar System Rotates on it’s Axis\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn general, we tend to think of the solar system as a flat, planetary disk with the sun in the center. But, the overall shape of the solar system actually resembles a giant sphere, because it is enclosed by a vast, spherical cloud of comets called the “Oort Cloud”. The inner edge of the Oort Cloud is thought to be between 2,000 and 5,000 AU from the sun (1 AU = distance from the earth to the sun). The outer edge might be 10,000 or even 100,000 AU from the sun — that’s nearly halfway between the sun and the nearest star, Alpha Centauri (which is 4.2 light-years away). Vast swarms of comet-like bodies orbit the sun in these distant regions, numbering more than a trillion, of which only around 4,000 are known to us today. The spherical structure of the Oort Cloud was deduced on the basis of the observed motions of these comets. Astronomers believe that the Oort Cloud was probably formed nearly 4.5 billion years ago, during the infancy of the solar system.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiQcZZnGhlaPoVrh8HijNWo7X7KWcvvwS7Q0DSpXzkCheTMeFhbH1lOpyBNc0HyRlA6MfgugArNRxFngbE_tZMRS1c_8XMo8d-GzOCJw3CEjYs3N0MZ5lj8mWDAFO8sUSOAuDynFDMmTIfdRVxMEOG51IMnIe7vOv-hlmwnPhG6leWr98ZPESuSyvjSu8Q\/s1400\/45%20Solar%20System%20and%20Earth.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The spherical structure of the Solar System, including the Oort Cloud, resembles the internal structure of the Earth\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"824\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"376\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiQcZZnGhlaPoVrh8HijNWo7X7KWcvvwS7Q0DSpXzkCheTMeFhbH1lOpyBNc0HyRlA6MfgugArNRxFngbE_tZMRS1c_8XMo8d-GzOCJw3CEjYs3N0MZ5lj8mWDAFO8sUSOAuDynFDMmTIfdRVxMEOG51IMnIe7vOv-hlmwnPhG6leWr98ZPESuSyvjSu8Q\/w640-h376\/45%20Solar%20System%20and%20Earth.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure 7: The \nspherical structure of the Solar System, including the Oort Cloud, \nresembles the internal structure of the Earth. Credit: NASA, Public \nDomain Image.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIt’s quite fascinating how the overall structure of the spherical solar system resembles that of the earth. The sun in the center corresponds to the solid “Inner Core” of the earth. The planetary region where planets are in constant motion corresponds to the liquid “Outer Core” of the earth, where the constant movement of liquid metal generates the earth’s magnetic field. The spherical Oort Cloud, which surrounds the solar system and extends out to a distance of nearly 2 light-years, corresponds to the earth’s mantle. The earth’s crust, which is only about 35-70 km thick, is negligible compared to the radius of the earth. And, who knows, maybe even the solar system has a thin, crust-like outer envelope that encloses the Oort Cloud?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn this analogy we find yet another instance of the macrocosm being reflected in the microcosm – a deeply held belief of so many ancient cultures. The essential patterns of the universe seem to repeat from the biggest to the smallest levels, and, once we understand how one of the levels function, it is possible to intuitively deduce the workings of the other levels.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIt is common knowledge that the earth rotates on its axis once in 24 hours and revolves around the sun in 365.24 days. Scientists have also discovered that the solar system orbits around the Galactic Center once in roughly 225-250 million years. Shouldn’t we, therefore, expect the spherical solar system to rotate on its axis as it revolves around the Galactic Center?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ESince all celestial bodies rotate on their axis in order to conserve their angular momentum, the same should hold true for the solar system as well. The angular momentum of any celestial body comes from the primordial solar nebula from which they formed. The probability of a celestial body forming in such a manner as not to rotate is negligibly small. Therefore, we can be more or less certain that the spherical solar system rotates on its axis as it orbits the Galactic Center.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIt is known that the axis of the solar system is inclined at an angle of nearly 30\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E° \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Eto the galactic plane. If the solar system rotates around its axis in a clockwise direction (i.e. opposite to the direction in which the earth revolves around the sun), it will appear as if the equinoctial points are precessing clockwise around the zodiac. And, if the time required by the solar system to complete one clockwise rotation on its axis is 25,800 years, it will cause the equinoctial points to slowly change their orientation relative to the fixed stars of the zodiac by 50.28 arc seconds every year, thereby causing the phenomenon called the precession of the equinoxes. Interestingly, in December 2020, the VERA Experiment used state-of-the-art telescopic measurements to determine that the distance of the earth from the central black hole is exactly 25,800 light-years![9]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEifT95cySEVr8s_uvoj_Euf63jcpYy8uhjnpTF4Vg7BL5V_dymMXnNBKs6xAfUo4whOiJxlYqZBSovBGYvjscVJfRaaEG0xrdyX8cjiz7rRsjv6EIXedcb2TJELQHsfO3kDG7zRuesHbhxxz6RbU0TvLTDA7S01AKJpQO62QMH3upGXCqWC8yJhGxp1714\/s1333\/Solar%20System%20rotating%20Black%20hole.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The spherical Solar System rotates clockwise on its axis, once in 25,800 years, as it revolves around the Galactic Center\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"667\" data-original-width=\"1333\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEifT95cySEVr8s_uvoj_Euf63jcpYy8uhjnpTF4Vg7BL5V_dymMXnNBKs6xAfUo4whOiJxlYqZBSovBGYvjscVJfRaaEG0xrdyX8cjiz7rRsjv6EIXedcb2TJELQHsfO3kDG7zRuesHbhxxz6RbU0TvLTDA7S01AKJpQO62QMH3upGXCqWC8yJhGxp1714\/w640-h320\/Solar%20System%20rotating%20Black%20hole.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure 8: The \nspherical Solar System rotates clockwise on its axis, once in 25,800 \nyears, as it revolves around the Galactic Center, completing one \nrevolution in 225-250 million years. Image not to scale. Credit: Bibhu \nDev Misra, using public domain images from NASA.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThis is the simplest explanation for precession that one can possibly think of. Practically every celestial body rotates on its axis, and it is only to be expected that the solar system does the same. A rotating solar system will ensure that the equinoxes precess through all the twelve zodiac constellations, and the North Celestial Pole of the earth traces out a circle around the North Ecliptic Pole, thereby resulting in a change of the Pole Star over the precession cycle.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThus, the hypothesis of a rotating solar system, which completes one clockwise rotation on its axis in 25,800 years, explains the phenomenon of precession in its entirety. It addresses all the shortcomings of the lunisolar theory of precession that we discussed earlier, as well as the flaws of the binary model, without introducing any additional variables. Moreover, it is completely aligned with the laws of celestial mechanics which requires celestial bodies to rotate on their axis in order to conserve their angular momentum. Occam’s razor states that, “the simplest solution is the most likely one”, and a rotating solar system definitely fulfills that criteria. To sum up, this is my proposed theory for the precession of the equinoxes: \u003Ci\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe precession of the equinoxes is due to the clockwise rotation of the solar system on its axis once in 25,800 years, as it revolves around the Galactic Center.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EIt is my sincere hope that this new theory of precession will come to the attention of the scientific community at large and will receive due consideration.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReferences\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E[1] Surya-Siddhanta: a text-book of Hindu astronomy, tr. by. Rev. Ebenezer Burgess, ed. by Phanindralal Gangooly, University of Calcutta, 1935, Chapter 1.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[2] Sri Yukteswar Giri, The Holy Science, 1894, p. xi.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[3] Cornelius Tacitus, The Works of Tacitus: The History, Germany, Agricola, and Dialogue on orators, Vol. II, George Bell \u0026amp; Sons, 1889, p. 412.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[4] Walter Cruttenden, Lost Star of Myth and Time, St. Lynn’s Press, 2006.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[5] Sri Yukteswar Giri, The Holy Science, 1894, p. 13.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[6] Davis, Hut, Muller, “Extinction of species by periodic comet showers”, Nature, 1984, Vol. 308, No.5961, pp. 715–717.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[7] Richard A. Muller, “Evidence for Nemesis: A Solar Companion Star”, LBL Publications, 1985, https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/3q33r0gj\u003Cbr \/\u003E[8] R.N. Iyengar, “Dhruva the Ancient Indian Pole Star: Fixity, Rotation and Movement”, Indian Journal of History of Science, 2011, Vol.46, No.1, pp. 23-39.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[9] Diane Lincoln, “Our galaxy's supermassive black hole is closer to Earth than we thought”, LiveScience, 20 December 2020, https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/milky-way-black-hole-closer-to-earth.html\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/2807348724985314784\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/11\/the-precession-of-equinoxes-is-caused.html#comment-form","title":"4 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/2807348724985314784"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/2807348724985314784"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/11\/the-precession-of-equinoxes-is-caused.html","title":"The Precession of the Equinoxes is caused by the Rotation of the Solar System"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgIP3WyhMPdW_KgiFo8CRsAYVojzpQAbj799Jal9f35VxZnkPtO5vmn1zL6vaYMvb5lb-jubcUpKSJrCDfC6kBlKGfmKIRT90LpS2K6O9_VwxA6ZSGgWh8jMTj0zh_Cq3ErOAbKazJhriE-mgQCbnPiB2ABdUIUJ6h2LOIkAWOYywe3EFQTtDZflLKf05k\/s72-c\/Precession%20of%20the%20Equinoxes%20Yuga%20Cycle%20thumbnail.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"4"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-391275576620055567"},"published":{"$t":"2024-04-20T13:38:00.015+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2025-08-02T13:09:32.786+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Alice Bailey’s Prophecy about 2025 and its links to the Kalachakra Tantra"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhib2gfV8jlA0HOmZC3hs-bb_FZevCJEVGh_kPbQYl33I00ofPiI9SkAV58z3qIFP8DR9gCAcig78BFg91pj_ku7yCPXJU8D74iQvdk779At4oyFRN2i6U8wCYv6-ikhkabX1cpAqx_V7sQAOzKtkApUDMz-6J0JZofbn5mmacZM3IJrxDE0sBJw2SvcTA\/s495\/Rudra%20Chakrin,%20the%20King%20of%20Shambhala,%20from%20Potala%20palace,%20source%20pbase%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"495\" data-original-width=\"400\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhib2gfV8jlA0HOmZC3hs-bb_FZevCJEVGh_kPbQYl33I00ofPiI9SkAV58z3qIFP8DR9gCAcig78BFg91pj_ku7yCPXJU8D74iQvdk779At4oyFRN2i6U8wCYv6-ikhkabX1cpAqx_V7sQAOzKtkApUDMz-6J0JZofbn5mmacZM3IJrxDE0sBJw2SvcTA\/s320\/Rudra%20Chakrin,%20the%20King%20of%20Shambhala,%20from%20Potala%20palace,%20source%20pbase%20small.jpg\" width=\"259\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003EWe are living in exceptional times. After trudging through the dense, materialistic, vibrations of the Kali Yuga (Iron Age) for nearly 5700 years, we have reached the crossroads of the Yugas once again, when the direction of our civilization will be altered forever.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe year 2025 signifies a watershed moment in our collective experience, for the Yuga Cycle framework based on the “Saptarshi Calendar” indicates that on 21st March, 2025, the Kali Yuga will end. This will be followed by a long transitional period of 1200 years - which the Greek philosophers called Ekpyrosis (meaning “Conflagration”) - when the decadent structures, philosophies and ideologies of the Kali Yuga will be entirely obliterated and a nascent civilization based on elevated spiritual principles shall take root, which will eventually grow into the enlightened civilizations of the ascending Yuga Cycle, culminating in the next Golden Age.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt the same time, my research also indicates that the destruction of the current Kali Yuga civilization is likely to be completed within a small window of time between 2025 and 2040, due to a combination of global wars, environmental catastrophes and comet impacts. These are the end-times that the ancient prophecies warned us of, when the apocalyptic events described in the eschatological texts will be fulfilled and our reality will be drastically altered. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjzZnuu75phyJxfuEZyydGJ_RiEO2PreeBM6dgiuyZZ2H2BBxJl2Se9e7vPzigMIkdm26eJgtGT3QA6bQ107ykC_fAdtUCn-XLUJCtMNLsSFwq-slkGYuuJ3rBPu-FXX0LoMi85kZiXKhWpixFhIXhZ2brC8Su6eHU1PZlWjKh0XNeUwG59WEw6xmWT2yg\/s1400\/39%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years2.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Yuga Cycle of 25,800 years duration\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1135\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"518\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjzZnuu75phyJxfuEZyydGJ_RiEO2PreeBM6dgiuyZZ2H2BBxJl2Se9e7vPzigMIkdm26eJgtGT3QA6bQ107ykC_fAdtUCn-XLUJCtMNLsSFwq-slkGYuuJ3rBPu-FXX0LoMi85kZiXKhWpixFhIXhZ2brC8Su6eHU1PZlWjKh0XNeUwG59WEw6xmWT2yg\/w640-h518\/39%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years2.jpg\" title=\"Yuga Cycle\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 1: The 25,800-year Yuga Cycle, including the 1200-year periods of Kataklysmos and Ekpyrosis. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn my book, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYUGA SHIFT\u003C\/a\u003E, I have provided a detailed explanation of the Yuga Cycle framework based on the Saptarshi Calendar with its 2700-year cycle, and I had outlined some of the essential points in my previous articles (\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2012\/07\/end-of-kali-yuga-in-2025-unraveling.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Elink1\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/03\/the-yuga-cycle-and-earths-precession.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Elink2\u003C\/a\u003E) on this topic.[1][2] Without getting into too many details, let me just point out that the upcoming period of transition in 2025 not only marks the end of the Kali Yuga – which is the current age of greed and lies, corruption and violence that we are living in – but the culmination of the entire descending cycle of consciousness that began in 9676 BCE, soon after the Ice Age came to an abrupt end. This amplifies the significance of the impending transition, when a series of transformative events will sweep over us, and alter our reality beyond recognition.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, I have presented a gamut of scientific evidence from various disciplines – history, archaeology, anthropology and astronomy – which validates the essential tenets of the Yuga Cycle doctrine. At the same time, I was also interested in finding out scriptural confirmations of this timeline. To this end, I came across some very interesting information from the writings of Alice Bailey, and the eschatological vision outlined in the Tibetan sacred text, the Kalachakra Tantra.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch3 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EThe Prophecy of Alice Bailey and Djwal Khul\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe year 2025 had been specifically mentioned by the theosophist Alice Bailey in some of her writings nearly a century ago, as being a herald of a period of impending transformation. Alice Bailey had written more than twenty-four books on various theosophical and esoteric subjects. She had claimed that the majority of her works - which were written between 1919 and 1949 - had been telepathically transmitted to her by the Tibetan Master Djwal Khul.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a very well-researched article titled, “The Coming Avatar”, author Dorje Jinpa has quoted deeply symbolic passages from the writings of Alice Bailey and Helena Blavatsky, as well as other Hindu and Buddhist manuscripts, to present a picture of the Avatar who is expected to arrive at the close of this Yuga. Quoting from Bailey’s, \"A Treatise on Cosmic Fire\", Dorje Jinpa writes,\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“From the gates of gold down to the pit of earth, out from the flaming fire down to the circle of gloom, rideth the secret Avatar, bearing the sword that pierceth. Naught can arrest His approach, and none may say nay. To the darkness of our sphere He rideth alone, and on His approach is seen the uttermost disaster, and the chaos of that which seeketh to withstand…The noise discordant of the warring elements greets the oncoming One and deters Him not…Yet, He passeth on His way, sweeping the circle of the spheres, and sounding forth the WORD.”[3]\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBailey clarified that the “Word” that the Avatar sounds forth is “the vibration of His Silent Will, the Impulse of Synthesis – One Life, One Purpose, One Family.” She wrote that the Avatar is “coming to the earth in order to further the manifestation of unity, of oneness and of inter-relation, and He comes, therefore, to wield and apply first ray energy.”\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EShe described the Avatar as an “extra-planetary avatar”, who will accomplish his purpose without taking a mortal form. She wrote that, “these Avatars appear rarely, but when they do, the effectiveness and results of their work is very great…They never descend lower than the mental plane…They bring about death – the death of the old and limiting forms and of that which houses evil.”\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBailey’s writings are closely aligned with the descriptions of the Yuga-ending avatar in many eschatological texts, in which the Savior arrives from the heavens wielding a sword, at a time when our planet is plagued by wars and disasters. The Yuga-ending avatars have an immensely transformative effect on the planet, and while they may use force when required, it is really the power of their spiritual energy and silent will that effects the greatest change.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhat is probably most relevant for our times is Bailey’s statement regarding the date when the Avatar will manifest himself. She said that the reappearance of the Avatar and the externalization of the Hierarchy (i.e. the hierarchy of gods or angels who work for the evolution of human consciousness) would begin after 2025. In, \"The Externalisation Of The Hierarchy\", Bailey wrote,\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“In 2025, the date in all probability will be set for the first stage of the externalization of the Hierarchy. The present cycle (from now until that date) is called technically “The Stage of the Forerunner”. It is preparatory in nature, testing in its methods, and intended to be revelatory in its techniques and results.”[4]\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI was amazed to learn that Bailey had explicitly identified 2025 as the cut-off date after which the manifestation of the hierarchy of gods will begin. This exactly matches the end date of the Kali Yuga in 2025, which I had arrived at by a very different method. Bailey brought up the prophetic implications of the 2025 date later in her writing career. In the article, “The Coming Avatar”, Dorje Jinpa writes that,\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“In 1945, at a time when the enemy’s external threat through Hitler’s armies had just been averted, Bailey said that three recognitions must be evidenced by humanity before the year 2025, if the ‘destruction of mankind is to be averted.’ They are: 1. Recognition of the Christ spirit within. 2. Recognition of the Hierarchy. 3. Recognition of the Divine Plan. The destruction mentioned here could mean something like the great flood of the last days of Atlantis, although as Bailey points out some prophecies say that destruction by fire is also a possibility. “If humanity fails to unite under the banner of the Forces of Light against the forces of material aggression and selfishness, then the ‘fiery ordeal’ might be unavoidable.”\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EApparently, the year 2025 is the cut-off date for humanity to recognize that we are divine souls, that the gods described in many ancient traditions are the guardians of the human civilization, and it is our sacred obligation to act in accordance with the divine plan, which is to live in peace and harmony, and to progressively purify our consciousness by following the ancient wisdom teachings. If we are unable to do so by 2025 – and, to be honest, that seems quite unrealistic at this stage – catastrophic changes will inevitably sweep over the earth.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is interesting that Bailey mentions that a fiery ordeal” may be unavoidable, for, as per the Yuga Cycle framework, the 1200-year period of transition after the Kali Yuga is called “Ekpyrosis”, - a Greek term meaning “Conflagration” – when the world is cleansed by fire. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe question that was foremost on my mind as I read these prophetic utterings was, how did Bailey arrive at the 2025 date as a marker of the end-times? Since she claimed to be documenting the esoteric wisdom of the Tibetan Master Djwal Khul, it occurred to me that the end of the Kali Yuga in 2025 must have been known to certain Tibetan Masters, even though it was forgotten by the people at large. But from where did the Tibetan lamas get this date? After I bit of searching around, I realized that the Tibetan Kalachakra Tantra prophecy points to the year 2025 as the time of the apocalyptic end-time battle.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch3 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003EThe Kalachakra Tantra Prophecy\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Kalachakra Tantra is a Buddhist sacred text, containing some of the most esoteric teachings of Tibetan Buddhism. In one of the chapters, it describes an apocalyptic end-time battle that parallels the Hindu prophecy of the Kalki Avatar appearing from Shambhala to eradicate evil. Since most of the scriptures that comprise the Tibetan Canon were translated from the ancient Sanskrit texts, this correlation is only to be expected.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs per the Kalachakra Tantra, 32 Kings shall rule in the hidden, mystical kingdom of Shambhala, after the time of the Buddha. Each of them will rule for a 100 years, adding up to a total of 3200 years. The first 7 kings will be called Dharmarajas (Truth Kings), while the next 25 will be known as Kalki Kings (Holder of the Castes). The final Kalki King will be called Rudra Chakrin (meaning, “The Wrathful One with the Wheel”), who will ascend the throne of Shambhala as the 25th and last king.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjavVZcqDcbYZ9dgsWkM5J3ryZxr1kRp-D16dEPWXGaNsjI22ZVqPyj4VTclB5AJZSlciXWpyxBFfKc4rg-4O2793oa9gxDNjYiTa0tRwPSG0aVmH-WU6bqXXIez8MlnVi3h3Ol1v2o_SYexVF4xcexNHRaARrc5nkgOHerUyTYKoQaii3FEab42vi9ff8\/s978\/Rudra%20Chakrin,%20from%20Edward%20Henning%E2%80%99s%20website,%20Kalacakra%20dot%20org%20edit.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"956\" data-original-width=\"978\" height=\"313\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjavVZcqDcbYZ9dgsWkM5J3ryZxr1kRp-D16dEPWXGaNsjI22ZVqPyj4VTclB5AJZSlciXWpyxBFfKc4rg-4O2793oa9gxDNjYiTa0tRwPSG0aVmH-WU6bqXXIez8MlnVi3h3Ol1v2o_SYexVF4xcexNHRaARrc5nkgOHerUyTYKoQaii3FEab42vi9ff8\/w320-h313\/Rudra%20Chakrin,%20from%20Edward%20Henning%E2%80%99s%20website,%20Kalacakra%20dot%20org%20edit.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 2: Rudra Chakrin, the final Kalki King of Shambhala, holding a \nspear (shakti) and a wheel (chakra). Image taken from Edward Henning’s \nwebsite, Kalacakra.org.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs the succession of the Shambhala kings takes place, corruption and deterioration will predominate on the earth. Victoria Dmitrieva, in her thesis titled, “The Legend of Shambhala in Eastern and Western Interpretations (1997)”, wrote that, as per the Kalachakra Tantra,\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Religions will no longer be duly respected, an aggressive materialism will rule the planet and spiritual attainments will be of no value. The barbarians (Kla-klo), fighting each other for power, will be finally united under an evil King. After the whole world has submitted to him, the hidden land of Shambhala will reveal itself and the (evil) King, overwhelmed with rage that he is not the only ruler of the world, will lead a war against Shambhala.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Kla-klo king will have all kinds of mighty terrible weapons at his disposal. This final battle of Shambhala with the Kla-klo army will be held in 2425 CE. Then the 32nd Shambhala King, Rudra Chakrin, will lead his army against the barbarians and will destroy them, thus bestowing the “perfect age” for at least a thousand years. At that time the whole world will turn into Shambhala with no sickness or poverty, and no need to work to earn a living. Even great saints and sages of the past will return to life to teach true wisdom, and many will attain enlightenment through the practice of the Kalachakra.”[5]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe final battle between Rudra Chakrin and the barbarian rulers of the earth is prophesied to happen in 2425 CE, which is exactly 400 years after the 2025 CE date for the end of the Kali Yuga. The “perfect age” of a thousand years that will follow the end-time battle corresponds to the 1200-year period of Ekpyrosis after the Kali Yuga. Although the 1200-year period of Ekpyrosis will be a time of significant earth changes, which will purify, rearrange and renew our world, it will also be an amazing time to live for the survivors of the impending apocalyptic events, for a new, divine, energy will course through our planet, which will cleanse our minds of egoic dross and activate the dormant chakra centers and subtle mental abilities. As a result, the people of that period are likely to experience powerful feelings of bliss that are inconceivable today.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI was curious, though, as to why the apocalyptic battle in the Kalachakra Tantra was prophesied to occur in 2425 CE, exactly 400 years after 2025 CE. When I looked into the calculations in the Kalachakra Tantra a bit more closely, I realized that some amendments had been introduced into the text, either during the time of translation or at a later date, as a result of which the date of the end-time battle was extended by 400 years.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiji6jix6oCtj1nkRJAk4eN8WAGKYKa-Td3lAFq5_OHll0DoZ_s7rIWyV4_CLQIlwwehqy69UNBeE5kHq2s4FauABaOOEnouvZEpcfWqilMOFcOjqZ4gY8qoMEyGWHflGVjZ6nt1-yKJB40viChGq3Q7qKyeasquoPoEdbG7SqfyR1BS3QNeIgQTMs75d8\/s800\/Rudra%20Chakrin,%20the%20King%20of%20Shambhala,%20from%20Potala%20palace,%20source%20pbase.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"800\" data-original-width=\"647\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiji6jix6oCtj1nkRJAk4eN8WAGKYKa-Td3lAFq5_OHll0DoZ_s7rIWyV4_CLQIlwwehqy69UNBeE5kHq2s4FauABaOOEnouvZEpcfWqilMOFcOjqZ4gY8qoMEyGWHflGVjZ6nt1-yKJB40viChGq3Q7qKyeasquoPoEdbG7SqfyR1BS3QNeIgQTMs75d8\/w324-h400\/Rudra%20Chakrin,%20the%20King%20of%20Shambhala,%20from%20Potala%20palace,%20source%20pbase.jpg\" width=\"324\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 3: Rudra Chakrin, the final king of Shambhala, riding a white \nhorse and killing the barbarians with his spear (shakti). Source: \npbase.com\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs per the prophecy, the end-time battle will occur after each of the 32 Shambhala Kings have ruled for 100 years each, for a total duration of 3200 years after the time of Buddha. Within the Eastern Buddhist tradition of China, Vietnam, Korea and Japan, the traditional date for the death of the Buddha was 949 BCE.[6] Since the first Shambhala King Suchandra, was believed to be ruling during the time of Buddha, the period of Suchandra’s rule is assumed to have extended from c. 976 – 876 BCE. Thereafter, each King ruled for a hundred years.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis sequence should have taken us to 2225 CE for the end-time battle, but, for some inexplicable reason, the 3rd Kalki King named Bhadra has been assumed to rule for 300 years, instead of the usual 100. As a result, the date of the end-time battle got extended to 2425 CE.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs I went through the numbers in the Kalachakra Tantra, I was astonished by how closely the dates and time periods in the prophecy correspond to the Yuga Cycle framework based on the Saptarshi Calendar. Here are the primary correlations that took me by surprise:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Col style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe first Shambhala King, Suchandra’s reign extended for 100 years from 976 – 876 BCE. Thus, the counting in the Kalachakra system begins from 976 BCE. In the Yuga Cycle timeline, the descending Kali Yuga ended in 976 BCE - the exact same date!\u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EAs per the Yuga Cycle timeline, the end of the descending Kali Yuga in 976 BCE was followed by a 300-year period of transition and the 2700-year ascending Kali Yuga thereafter, adding up to a 3000-year Yuga. In the Kalachakra Tantra, the rule of the 32 Shambhala kings extend for a total of 3200 years, starting from 976 BCE.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EIn the Kalachakra Tantra, each Shambhala king rules for 100 years, starting from 976 BCE, whereas the Yuga Cycle was tracked by the Saptarshi Calendar in which the Seven Sages spend 100 years in each nakshatra or lunar house, thereby completing a 2700-year cycle around the ecliptic. Thus, not only is the starting point of the current epoch same in both systems i.e. 976 BCE, they both use a 100-year tracking system.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThese correlations clearly indicate that the Saptarshi Calendar served as the basis for determining the dates in the Kalachakra Tantra. The 100 years of rule of each Shambhala king was the 100 years that the Saptarshis spend in each nakshatra; while the beginning of the present epoch in 976 BCE in the Kalachakra system coincides with the end of the descending Kali Yuga in 976 BCE, and, effectively, the beginning of the next Yuga of 3000 years.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is the Saptarshi Calendar that begins in the 76th year of each century BCE, and, therefore, a counting system that begins from 976 BCE and uses a 100-year reckoning must, necessarily, be based on the Saptarshi Cycle.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe reason why the end-time battle in the Kalachakra prophecy occurs in 2425 CE - exactly 400 years after 2025 CE – is because of a couple of deviations in the Kalachakra system. Firstly, as I have already mentioned, in the Kalachakra system, the 3rd Kalki King, Bhadra, has been arbitrarily assumed to rule for 300 years, instead of the usual 100. That’s 200 extra years, which should be rightly ignored for computing the date of the end-time battle.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESecondly, in the Kalachakra system, the current epoch starting in 976 BCE lasts for 3200 years, whereas in the Yuga Cycle doctrine each Yuga is of 3000-years durations. That’s another 200 extra years. It is rather odd why the Kalachakra considers the final epoch to be of 3200 years duration, when, both in the Indian and Persian doctrines, each Yuga extended for 3000 years. I wondered if the 200 extra years were added later to the Kalachakra text. My instinctive feeling was vindicated when I came across an intriguing piece of information in the Kalachakra.org website, which has been put together by Edward Henning, a renowned Kalachakra scholar, translator and Tibetan astrology expert, and the author of the book “Kalachakra Mandala”. Edward Henning observes that,\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“There are some problems with the listing of the kalki-kings. The general list given in Tibetan texts, and used in the series of pictures shown here, contains 25 names, but the great Indian Kalacakra teacher Vibhuticandra pointed out to Tibetan colleagues that the names of the 18th and 19th in this list, Hari and Vikrama, belonged together as one name, Harivikrama. He also pointed out to them that some Tibetan lists similarly split up the name of number 24 in the list into two names, Ananta and Vijaya. This persists to this day. The advice of this great Kalacakra teacher was duly noted by the Tibetans but in practice ignored, and their misreading of the Sanskrit when translating into Tibetan was not corrected.”[7]\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENow we begin to get an idea of what might have happened. A single name in the Sanskrit text was broken up into two different names in the “official” Tibetan list of Shambhala kings. This definitely happened in case of the king Harivikrama as noted by Vibhuticandra, and it is not unlikely that another error of a similar type was introduced into the Tibetan texts during the process of translation.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn fact, I would suggest that the 11th king \"Aja\" and the 12th king \"Surya\" belonged together as one king \"AjaSurya\". This is because the term \"Aja\" is a title of \"Surya\". In the book, \u003Ci\u003EAn Introduction to Comparative Mythology: Ancient Near Eastern Studies,\u003C\/i\u003E Marchall and Pilkey wrote that, \"The mysterious figure AJA is claimed as the Father of Dasaratha. “AJA” is a ‘seed’ title of SURYA.\" Then the authors identified some of the lineages leading to Rama, such as, \"Raghu- AJA(Surya)- Dasaratha-Rama, Nabhaga- AJA(Surya)- Dasaratha-Rama\". In other words, the terms \"Aja\" and \"Surya\" belong together as \"AjaSurya\", and are very unlikely to be the names of two consecutive kings. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is eminently possible that the original Kalachakra system had 30 Shambhala Kings (and not 32) ruling for 100 years each, adding up to a 3000-year Yuga. Thus, the date of the end-time battle in the original Kalachakra system was 2025 CE, but due to subsequent amendments - either during the process of translation or at a later date - this date got extended by 400 years.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFortunately, the original date of the apocalyptic battle i.e. 2025 CE was not completely forgotten but was preserved by means of oral transmission within certain lineages of monks. This is the date that the Tibetan master Djwal Khul had conveyed to Alice Bailey, as being the time when the externalization of the “Divine Hierarchy” will begin.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESince the Tibetan Canon was largely translated from the ancient Sanskrit texts, it implies that, in ancient India, there was a system of tracking the Yuga Cycle using the Saptarshi Calendar, in which the current Yuga of 3000 years duration began in 976 BCE. The knowledge of this system was lost from India when the country came under a slew of external invasions from the 11th century onwards. This means, the Yuga Cycle timeline that I have proposed, is not a new interpretation of the Yuga Cycle. Rather, it is a “rediscovery” of an ancient method of tracking the Yuga Cycle using the Saptarshi Calendar. This method was prevalent in India for thousands of years, and then it was forgotten sometime during our long passage through the darkness of the Kali Yuga.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne of the questions that I had pondered over is, why did the Tibetan Buddhists extend the date of the end-time battle by 400 years to 2425 CE? It is quite clear that the end-date was deliberately extended and was not done inadvertently. My guess is that, there was an attempt to bring it in line with the Zoroastrian beliefs about the end of the current World Cycle.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Persians, who were the neighbors of the Indus Valley civilization, and with whom the Indians had longstanding cultural and linguistic connections, not only believed in a World Cycle of 12,000 years, but they also divided it up into four equal Ages of 3,000 years each.[8]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs per the ancient Persian accounts, Zoroaster lived between the 7th and 6th centuries BCE, and had received his revelation from Ahura Mazda in the world-year 9000.[9] This takes the beginning of the current World Cycle, when Supreme Lord, Ahura Mazda, had recreated the world, to the period between 9600 BCE to 9700 BCE - the precise time when the last Ice Age had ended. As per the Yuga Cycle framework, the descending cycle of consciousness began in 9676 BCE, which is perfectly aligned with the Persian estimates.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Zoroastrian tradition holds that, after Zoroaster began teaching the doctrine of Ahura Mazda, he initiated the final World Age of 3000 years, which will be followed by the final renovation of the world when the forces of light will triumph over evil. Thus, the 12000-year World Cycle is scheduled to end sometime between 2300 and 2400 CE. This is the approximate time that the Tibetan Buddhist might have “targeted” for placing their apocalyptic battle, in which Rudra Chakrin will emerge from Shambhala and vanquish the forces of evil and inequity.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESince the concept of the “transitional periods” between the Yugas is missing in the Zoroastrian doctrine, their belief was that, the bulk of the transformative changes are effected at the very end of a 3000-year Yuga. This belief is not correct, as I have shown in my book and previous articles, for there is always a period of transition spanning 300 years or so between the Yugas, when a series of cataclysmic events eradicate the older civilizations and a new wave of civilizations begin to appear in the archaeological records.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne of the key takeaways from this discussion is that, the end of the Kali Yuga is not some vague date hundreds of thousands of years into the future as many Hindus tend to believe, but is very close at hand. In many Puranas, the duration of the Yuga Cycle had been inflated to a humungous number (4,320,000 years) by multiplying the 12000-year half-cycle by 360, and this has now become the dominant idea, even though the 12000-year cycle has been explicitly specified in the Mahabharata and the Laws of Manu. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to dislodge an erroneous conception once people have become indoctrinated with it.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut, we cannot have different Yuga Cycles for different cultures, and my study shows that the Yuga Cycle and the earth’s precession cycle are one and the same, and the Kali Yuga ends on 21st March, 2025. I do hope that open-minded seekers of the truth will reflect on this information and re-evaluate their understanding of the Yuga Cycle, so that they can prepare themselves to deal with the transformative changes that are on the way, and that have, to some extent, already started to manifest.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Cb\u003EReferences\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E[1] Bibhu Dev Misra, \"The end of the Kali Yuga in 2025: Unraveling the mysteries of the Yuga Cycle\", Ancient Inquiries, July 15, 2012, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2012\/07\/end-of-kali-yuga-in-2025-unraveling.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2012\/07\/end-of-kali-yuga-in-2025-unraveling.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[2] Bibhu Dev Misra, \" The Yuga Cycle and the 25,800-year Precession Cycle of the Earth\", Ancient Inquiries, March 18, 2024, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/03\/the-yuga-cycle-and-earths-precession.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/03\/the-yuga-cycle-and-earths-precession.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[3] Dorje Jinpa, “The Coming Avatar”, 2013, \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/whenthesoulawakens.org\/the-coming-avatar_448.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttp:\/\/whenthesoulawakens.org\/the-coming-avatar_448.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[4] Alice Bailey, The Externalisation Of The Hierarchy, Lucis Publishing Company, 1957.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[5] Victoria Dmitrieva, The Legend of Shambhala in Eastern and Western Interpretations, Mc Gill University, November 1997, p. 11.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[6] L.S. Cousins, “The Dating of the Historical Buddha: A Review Article”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 6, 1 (1996), pp. 57 - 63.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[7] \"The Kings of Sambhala\", \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.kalacakra.org\/kings\/skings2.htm\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.kalacakra.org\/kings\/skings2.htm\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[8] Mary Boyce, Textual Sources for the Study of Zoroastrianism, op. cit., p. 20.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[9] “ASTVA?.?R?TA”, Enclyclopaedia Iranica, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/iranicaonline.org\/articles\/astvat-ereta-savior\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/iranicaonline.org\/articles\/astvat-ereta-savior\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/391275576620055567\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/04\/alice-baileys-prophecy-about-2025-and.html#comment-form","title":"55 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/391275576620055567"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/391275576620055567"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/04\/alice-baileys-prophecy-about-2025-and.html","title":"Alice Bailey’s Prophecy about 2025 and its links to the Kalachakra Tantra"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhib2gfV8jlA0HOmZC3hs-bb_FZevCJEVGh_kPbQYl33I00ofPiI9SkAV58z3qIFP8DR9gCAcig78BFg91pj_ku7yCPXJU8D74iQvdk779At4oyFRN2i6U8wCYv6-ikhkabX1cpAqx_V7sQAOzKtkApUDMz-6J0JZofbn5mmacZM3IJrxDE0sBJw2SvcTA\/s72-c\/Rudra%20Chakrin,%20the%20King%20of%20Shambhala,%20from%20Potala%20palace,%20source%20pbase%20small.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"55"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-7852601839223914204"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-18T19:13:00.009+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2025-08-02T13:11:04.119+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Yuga Cycle and the 25,800-year Precession Cycle of the Earth"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh1Vc0rAeCGwffMYDip1NdD31rdLOJI89UZxaL9DYBG2zqEfRTzUna9GOPh8Ud0Mk5rviMvGixKmBa55H8FWtA3iwK0E_HlGEiNkI9_aiL5J5KrVHv_zl1A0p7deGzaPDrmTpAE9bWAOZ8lXTrIeOs6n1WnG25txkJS5Yg1p7hOWPZE7rbRuLhczsakIOk\/s700\/Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years2%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"568\" data-original-width=\"700\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh1Vc0rAeCGwffMYDip1NdD31rdLOJI89UZxaL9DYBG2zqEfRTzUna9GOPh8Ud0Mk5rviMvGixKmBa55H8FWtA3iwK0E_HlGEiNkI9_aiL5J5KrVHv_zl1A0p7deGzaPDrmTpAE9bWAOZ8lXTrIeOs6n1WnG25txkJS5Yg1p7hOWPZE7rbRuLhczsakIOk\/s320\/Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years2%20small.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EMost ancient cultures believed that human civilization and consciousness moves in grand cycles, slowly declining from Golden Ages of illumination and harmony to Dark Ages of ignorance and strife. In India, this cycle was called the Yuga Cycle. Other cultures knew it by different names. The Greeks referred to it as the Cycle of the Ages of Man, the Supreme Year, or the Great Year. The Persians called it the World Cycle. The Hopi refer to the four previous ages as the Four Worlds, while the Aztecs knew them as the Four Suns. The Egyptians were also aware of the Yuga Cycle, as did many other cultures; for this understanding was encoded into the ancient tales and sacred wisdom that had been orally transmitted for generations.\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the years leading up to 2012, when there was considerable global consternation over the approaching end of the Mayan Calendar, I became interested in the Yuga Cycle doctrine of ancient India, and decided to take a closer look at the available data and philosophical speculations in order to determine the possible ending of the Kali Yuga or Iron Age – which is the current age of greed and lies, discord and violence, that we are living in. When I dove into the details, however, I realized that a number of errors and omissions had crept into the ancient texts in course of our long passage through the darkness of the Kali Yuga, as a result of which, the original formulation of the Yuga Cycle was completely lost.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe guiding principle that I decided to adopt in order work out the original Yuga Cycle formulation was that, there could not have been different Yuga Cycles for different cultures. There was only one Yuga Cycle for the entire world that governed the periodic rise and fall of consciousness, and in order to stitch together the original framework, it was of utmost importance to delineate the common threads that run through the different traditions. I was also keenly aware that I needed to keep tabs on the latest archaeological, anthropological and historical findings, for any Yuga Cycle framework needs to be backed up by as much scientific data as possible.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn July 2012, I had published an article titled, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2012\/07\/end-of-kali-yuga-in-2025-unraveling.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\"The End of the Kali Yuga in 2025: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Yuga Cycle\"\u003C\/a\u003E[1] in which I had put forward, what, in my opinion, was the original Yuga Cycle timeline, which indicated that the Kali Yuga was due to end in 2025. I had discussed the rationale for the proposed timeline in the article, and I have treated the matter with a lot more rigor in the book. Without going into the nitty-gritties, let me present some of the essential building blocks of this framework.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E1. The complete Yuga Cycle is of 24,000-years duration, and is comprised of an ascending cycle of 12000 years, when human consciousness gradually increases, followed by a descending cycle of 12000 years when consciousness gradually diminishes.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E2. Each 12,000-year half-cycle is comprised of four Yugas of equal duration of 3000-years each. The actual duration of a Yuga is 2700 years, and it is followed by a transitional period of 300 years before the qualities of the subsequent Yuga is manifested. The Yuga Cycle was tracked using the “Saptarshi Calendar” or “Calendar of the Seven Sages” of ancient India, which has a 2700-year cycle called a “Saptarshi Yuga”.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E3. It can be determined from the extant historical records that, one of the starting points of the Saptarshi Calendar was in 6676 BCE, which denotes the beginning of the Dwapara Yuga (Bronze Age) in the descending cycle. Using this date as an anchor point, the entire Yuga Cycle timeline gets unraveled, as shown below. For those who are not familiar with the Sanskrit terms: Satya Yuga is Golden Age, Treta Yuga is Silver Age, Dwapara Yuga is Bronze Age and Kali Yuga is Iron Age.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgrvlCZ_t4L3zjkYp5zEfJU1slMXC2ufJNZnyZDW2Glc_2cCnRjWKgtEpv_1K-z1ZXzIL_YWPFswpycz5YUHuWsVaR2YHwD5Mu1EsT4n6lc1f0PyIa_2C6BlgOpWwBu6TAJmfTrua9wkCeVSRyfGsR5ltOcN7ry5KBOaHrVpl4XEZ0fwhG21rTsUvI-zC4\/s1400\/25%20Yuga%20Cycle%20timeline%2024000%20years3.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Yuga Cycle 24,000 years\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1165\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgrvlCZ_t4L3zjkYp5zEfJU1slMXC2ufJNZnyZDW2Glc_2cCnRjWKgtEpv_1K-z1ZXzIL_YWPFswpycz5YUHuWsVaR2YHwD5Mu1EsT4n6lc1f0PyIa_2C6BlgOpWwBu6TAJmfTrua9wkCeVSRyfGsR5ltOcN7ry5KBOaHrVpl4XEZ0fwhG21rTsUvI-zC4\/w640-h533\/25%20Yuga%20Cycle%20timeline%2024000%20years3.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 1: The 24000-year Yuga Cycle based on the Saptarshi Calendar. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;The Yuga Cycle framework reveals that the descending cycle of consciousness began in 9676 BCE, around the same time that the last Ice Age came to a rather abrupt end. The ancient authors indicate that this was the time when the Golden-age kingdom of Atlantis sank into the ocean, and the Supreme Creator of the Zoroastrians, Ahura Mazda, had re-created the world and initiated the current World Cycle of 12,000 years.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOver the past 5700-odd years, we have been living in two back-to-back Kali Yugas - the descending Kali Yuga followed by the ascending Kali Yuga. These two Yugas of ignorance and discord span most of recorded history, starting with the Bronze Age civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWe are now approaching the end of ascending Kali Yuga in the year 2025. The term “ascending” tends to convey the wrong impression that we may be in a “higher Yuga” and our civilization is on an upward trajectory of virtue and progress. Far from it. In the ascending Kali Yuga only the material circumstances of life begin to improve, along with an increase in our lifespan and physical stature, but the degradation of human consciousness and the proliferation of vices continues unabated throughout the entire duration of the Kali Yuga. This is why, at the fag end of the Kali Yuga, we have an out-of-balance society which is characterized by a massive “matter-spirit gap” that is highly destabilizing and is responsible for much of the misery and injustices we see around us. The need of the hour is to reduce our attachment to material acquisitions and focus our energies on the other dimensions of our life, particularly on cultivating mental and spiritual awareness, in order to restore the much-needed balance, harmony and sanity in our lives.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Yuga Cycle timeline indicates that we are living in the times of momentous changes, which will begin to unfold as we get closer to 2025 and enter the period of transition. Not only are we about to emerge from the dense, materialistic vibrations of the Kali Yuga, but we are also at the cusp of the entire descending cycle of consciousness that began in 9676 BCE. The events of the past few years have revealed that human consciousness has now plunged into utter depravity, and, all means, however despicable, are now considered legitimate for the acquisition of money and influence and for the exploitation and enslavement of the masses. The specter of hatred, war and unrestrained violence is spreading across the world, while the frequency and ferocity of extreme weather phenomenon such as floods, landslides and wildfires have dramatically increased over the past few years. All of these are precursors of the planetary-scale changes that lie ahead of us.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEvery time we go though the periods of transition between the Yugas, there is a cataclysmic obliteration of the existing civilizations (“pralaya”, in Sanskrit), which is followed by the re-emergence of a new wave of civilizations with different artistic, technological and cultural traits. The purging events purify our consciousness and restore all of nature to its original pristine state to support another round of civilization. In my article, I had presented a gamut of archaeological and geological evidence which show that, every 3000-odd years, a new wave of civilizations emerge all over the world, built on the ashes of the previous civilizations, which are wiped away by a slew of cataclysmic events occurring over a period of roughly 300 years.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt happened in c.9600 BCE, soon after the cataclysmic end of the last Ice Age, with the establishment of the settlements at Gobekli Tepe. We can be quite certain that similar settlements were springing up elsewhere at the same time, the evidence of which we are yet to uncover. In c.6500 BCE, new settlements emerged in Anatolia and Southeastern Europe with distinct cultural traits, but we don’t have much of an idea about what was going on in other parts of the world at that time. This was preceded by a bout of global flooding, triggered primarily by the collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in North America. Then in c.3600 BCE, the “Bronze Age” civilizations arose almost simultaneously in Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, Malta and other places, while the pre-Bronze Age cultures were wiped out without a trace. Finally at around c.700 BCE, the Iron Age cultures emerged almost simultaneously in the Eastern Mediterranean region, Persia, India, Mesoamerica etc., built on the ashes of the Bronze Age civilizations which had collapsed in a heap over the previous 400-odd years.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe trend is distinct and unmistakable. The Yuga Cycle is not an article of faith but an important scientific doctrine which captures the cyclical nature of human civilization. Not only does it give us a clear perspective of what had happened in the past, it also tells us where our own decadent civilization of the Kali Yuga is headed. In my book \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYUGA SHIFT\u003C\/a\u003E, I have taken a closer look at the events of the last four Yuga-transitional periods, which reveals that comet and meteor impacts inevitably play a crucial role in the periodic destruction and renewal of civilizations.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, one of the questions that had puzzled me for a long time ever since I wrote the article on the Yuga Cycle was the reason for the discrepancy between the complete Yuga Cycle of 24,000 years and the earth’s precession cycle of 25,800 years.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe phenomenon of the “precession of the equinoxes” was known to, and tracked by, many ancient cultures. Briefly, what this means is that, the position of the vernal equinox sun relative to the fixed stars of the zodiac changes very slowly at the rate of 1° every 71.6 years, completing an entire cycle of 360° around the zodiac in about 25,800 years.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the present epoch, the vernal equinox sun is very close to the beginning of the Pisces constellation, near its boundary with the Aquarius constellation. This can be determined by drawing a line from the earth to the sun and extending it to the ring of fixed stars beyond.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiw0KB_bBQXIp66pzdnIngcZrMh7f1db9iU59QJNrbrWLWn4lKQZgC6QT-RGVEyHvJr8jjv86Wnr8AmpyLI90ipmAhmdxQJyGdiVT9cOVNAJhG2qrxFa0l8qwxoEl8cctpEyjvwAy-DiEbK800hjbslcFxlUcXI3hZiWOYpW7y80pQsW-1HIoCdt4k5w9w\/s1400\/36%20Zodiac%20Constellations%20Yuga%20Cycle.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Precession of the Equinoxes\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1059\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"485\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiw0KB_bBQXIp66pzdnIngcZrMh7f1db9iU59QJNrbrWLWn4lKQZgC6QT-RGVEyHvJr8jjv86Wnr8AmpyLI90ipmAhmdxQJyGdiVT9cOVNAJhG2qrxFa0l8qwxoEl8cctpEyjvwAy-DiEbK800hjbslcFxlUcXI3hZiWOYpW7y80pQsW-1HIoCdt4k5w9w\/w640-h485\/36%20Zodiac%20Constellations%20Yuga%20Cycle.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 2: The zodiac constellations encircle the solar system like a \ngiant ring. On the vernal equinox date, the Sun appears in front of the \nPisces constellation. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EVery soon – perhaps, in a few decades - the vernal equinox sun will appear in front of the Aquarius constellation. In this manner, the vernal equinox point slowly shifts its position relative to the fixed stars of the zodiac at the rate of 1° every 71.67 years, spending roughly 2150 years in each constellation called an Astrological Age. So, we are now in the Age of Pisces, and about to transition to the Age of Aquarius very soon. Since the boundaries between the constellations are not precisely defined by a specific star or asterism, the exact date of transition from one Astrological Age to another is kind of hazy and subject to individual interpretation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe slow change in the position of the equinoctial sun against the backdrop of the fixed stars of the zodiac is called the “precession of the equinoxes” or simply precession, while the cycle duration of 25,800 years is called a precession cycle. Human civilizations lives through twelve Astrological Ages in course of the 25,800-year precession cycle. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENow, here’s the mystery that had baffled me for a long time: What is the reason for the mismatch in values between the 24,000-year Yuga Cycle and the 25,800-year precession cycle? The duration of the Great Year specified by Cicero i.e. 25,920 years, is so close to the scientifically measured value of the precession cycle that it leaves little doubt that the two cycles must be identical.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMoreover, the Yuga Cycle doctrine of the Jains - which I had discussed in the original article on the Yuga Cycle - strongly hints at this possibility. If we recollect, as per the Jains, the Yuga Cycle consists of an ascending half called Utsarpini, which is comprised of six smaller periods, and a descending half called Avasarpini, which is comprised of six periods as well. Thus, the complete Yuga Cycle consists of twelve smaller periods. What could these twelve periods be, if not the twelve Astrological Ages? If the complete Yuga Cycle is comprised of twelve Astrological Ages, then it gives us a very good reason to suspect that the Yuga Cycle and the precession cycle are one and the same.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut, how do we account for the apparent mismatch in values?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI found an answer to this conundrum when I came across a key piece of information about the Yugas mentioned in the ancient Greek texts, that I had overlooked earlier. As per the doctrine of the Ages of Man in Greek tradition, the earth is subjected to two extended periods of purging in course of the Great Year. One is called Kataklysmos (meaning, “Deluge”) or the “great winter” of the Great Year, when the earth is inundated by water. The other is called Ekpyrosis (meaning “Conflagration”) or the “great summer” of the Great Year, when the world is destroyed by fire. In the 3rd century CE, the Roman philosopher Censorinus wrote:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“There is a period called “the supreme year” by Aristotle, at the end of which the sun, moon and all the planets return to their original position. This “supreme year” has a great winter, called by the Greeks Kataklysmos which means deluge, and a great summer, called by the Greeks Ekpyrosis or combustion of the world. The world, actually, seems to be inundated and burned alternately in each of the epochs.”[2]\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENow, there was a fair degree of unanimity in the ancient times that the Flood had occurred at the end of the Golden Age or Satya Yuga. This means that the period of transition that the Greeks called Kataklysmos must have followed the Golden Age or Satya Yuga.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is extremely intriguing that the period of Kataklysmos was also called the “great winter” of the Great Year, for it just so happens that the earth went through a long period of freezing temperatures called the Younger Dryas period, which extended for nearly 1200 years from 10,900 BCE - 9700 BCE. During this time, global temperatures had plummeted by nearly 10 - 15°C to near-glacial conditions and the glaciers had advanced to their Ice Age positions.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECould the entire 1200-year Younger Dryas period, therefore, be the extended period of transition that the Greeks called Kataklysmos or “great winter”?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 2007, a team of international scientists led by Richard B. Firestone found compelling evidence that that the earth was bombarded by multiple fragments of a giant disintegrating comet nearly 12,900 years ago, (c.10,900 BCE) which destabilized the Laurentide Ice Sheet and triggered the Younger Dryas cooling. The shock waves and biomass burning generated by this catastrophic impact even led to the extinction of 35 genera of North American Pleistocene megafauna, and ended the prehistoric Clovis culture.[3]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA dense, carbon-rich, black layer, called the “black mat” was deposited over the bones of the extinct megafauna and the Clovis artifacts at more than 50 sites across North America. The black mat contains evidence of biomass burning and impact proxies such as elevated levels of Iridium, and its thickness spans the entire Younger Dryas cooling period from c.10, 900 – 9,700 BCE. This suggests that impact events must have continued to occur throughout the entire Younger Dryas period! Surprisingly, hardly anyone seems to be talking about this possibility. Is this scenario too mind-bogglingly catastrophic even for our consideration?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENot many would be aware, though, that a little-known Sanskrit text called \u003Ci\u003EAdbhuta-sagara\u003C\/i\u003E provides astonishing details of a sequence of 26 comets that struck the earth, one after the other, throughout the Younger Dryas period. The second comet in the sequence is said to have caused the Deluge, the tell-tale signs of which are still preserved in the black mat! In \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, I have discussed in detail about the Younger Dryas comet swarm and the evidence of the Flood.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EObviously, the kind of environmental calamities that had swept over the world during the Younger Dryas period could not have happened while the Golden Age was still in progress. Conditions of life in the Golden Age were supposed to have been utopian; temperatures were pleasant, nature was teeming with life, and natural disasters or diseases were unknown. The Younger Dryas period could have started only after the Golden Age had ended.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Yuga Cycle timeline that I had proposed earlier had a 300-year period of transition after the Golden Age. But that may not be correct, and it is quite likely that the Golden Age had ended by 10,876 BCE, and was followed by a 1200-year period of Kataklysmos or “great winter”, that extended from 10,876 BCE - 9676 BCE, coinciding with the Younger Dryas period.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis means, the end of Kali Yuga in 2025 will be also followed by an extended period of cataclysmic activity called Ekpyrosis (meaning “Conflagration”) or the “great summer” of the Great Year, for nearly 1200 years, since the upcoming transition is diametrically opposite to the Younger Dryas period. In other words, post 2025, it will be the Younger Dryas period all over again; except that, this time the cleansing will be by fire and not by ice and water.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere are direct references to the upcoming period of Ekpyrosis in many end-time prophecies. For instance, the \u003Ci\u003EKalachakra Tantra\u003C\/i\u003E prophecy tells us that, after the divine Savior Rudra Chakrin will destroy the evil forces in an apocalyptic battle, he will bestow “the “perfect age” for at least “a thousand years”, during which time, “the whole world will turn into Shambhala with no sickness or poverty, and no need to work to earn a living.”[4] This dovetails with \u003Ci\u003EThe Revelation\u003C\/i\u003E, according to which, after his Second Coming, Christ will reign for a “thousand years” along with the resurrected holy men.[5] Both these prophecies appear to be telling us about the 1200-year period of transition called Ekpyrosis which will follow the Kali Yuga, before the ascending Yuga Cycle begins.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlthough the 1200-year period of Ekpyrosis will be a time of significant earth changes and periodic comet impacts, which will purify and renew our world, it will also be an amazing time to live for the survivors of the impending cataclysms, for a new, divine energy will course through our planet, activating our dormant chakra centers and subtle mental abilities, and, as a result, the people of that period are likely to experience powerful feelings of bliss and connectedness that are inconceivable today. Their awareness will be expanded, revealing to them new possibilities and ways of living that promote peace, justice and harmony. They will establish the foundations of a new civilization which will eventually grow into the enlightened civilizations of the ascending Yuga Cycle, culminating in the next Golden Age.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the Yuga Cycle framework that I had proposed earlier, all the transitional periods were of equal length of 300 years. However, since the extended periods of transition called Kataklysmos and Ekpyrosis extend for a whopping 1200 years each, the duration of the complete Yuga Cycle is extended by (900 + 900) i.e. 1800 years. Thus, the duration of the complete Yuga Cycle becomes equal to (24,000 + 1800) = 25,800 years, which is exactly the same as the scientifically measured value of the precession cycle!\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjwlNyWnnuigxWFhmpzXxp0qum73w352aeHqy2lK2pRuH-lU4BUWvvEwhNk5_rSC7e9kQaQMpRG6mDir5ynRAPww29w1WMrC4FVroUTUoL9Drbl7y92mSObxFqiQyoa_Djcc6abVLBCJtASIa4lS7KF_5VtIsiFVXiZwjNGwPtum__-fbl5L8E3_0Yit2I\/s1400\/39%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years2.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Yuga Cycle 25,800 years\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1135\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"518\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjwlNyWnnuigxWFhmpzXxp0qum73w352aeHqy2lK2pRuH-lU4BUWvvEwhNk5_rSC7e9kQaQMpRG6mDir5ynRAPww29w1WMrC4FVroUTUoL9Drbl7y92mSObxFqiQyoa_Djcc6abVLBCJtASIa4lS7KF_5VtIsiFVXiZwjNGwPtum__-fbl5L8E3_0Yit2I\/w640-h518\/39%20Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years2.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EFigure 3: The 25,800-year Yuga Cycle, including the 1200-year periods of Kataklysmos and Ekpyrosis. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is quite amazing to realize that, once the periods of Kataklysmos and Ekpyrosis are included in the Yuga Cycle framework, the complete Yuga Cycle and the earth’s precession cycle become perfectly aligned! For a long time, the discrepancy in values between the two had baffled me, and it was a great relief to be able to finally put my finger on the solution.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELike a giant jigsaw puzzle, critical bit and pieces of the Yuga Cycle doctrine had been scattered all over the world, lying concealed with the sacred texts and oral traditions of disparate cultures, for many generations. It is only when we diligently pick up all the pieces and scrutinize them, keeping one eye always on the scientific data so that we don’t veer off track, does it become possible to put together this puzzle for the ages.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEvidently, the Yuga Cycle and the earth’s precession cycle are one and the same, and extend for 25,800 years. On 21st of March 2025, the Kali Yuga and the entire descending cycle of consciousness will come to an end; and we will enter a long period of transition of nearly 1200 years, during which time our planet will be dramatically altered beyond recognition, and the outlines of a new civilization will be manifested, which will be permeated by compassion, peace, harmony and truth. The environment will be restored to its original pristine state, and the interdimensional gateways may open up revealing to us a reality that we have long forgotten.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, my research also indicates that the collapse of the current Kali Yuga civilization is likely to be completed in a small window of time between 2025 to 2040, due to a combination of global wars and comet impacts. These are the end-times that the ancient prophecies tells us of, when our reality will be drastically altered, and we will be forced to introspect about our patterns of thought and our way of life. The survivors of these transformative events will inherit a renewed earth and become the seeds of the new dispensation that is on the way.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn my book, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYUGA SHIFT\u003C\/a\u003E, I have discussed what causes the cyclical fluctuation of consciousness in course of the Yuga Cycle, the cosmic triggers for the cataclysms during the periods of Yuga transition, and the real meaning of the various prophecies that describe the return of a Savior or Avatar at the end of this age. If you are one of those who can already sense that a momentous shift is underway, and are trying to figure out how exactly this transformation may play out in the coming years, then you are likely to find the answers to some of your questions in the book.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cu\u003EReferences\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E[1] Bibhu Dev Misra, \"The end of the Kali Yuga in 2025: Unraveling the mysteries of the Yuga Cycle\", Ancient Inquiries, July 15, 2012, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2012\/07\/end-of-kali-yuga-in-2025-unraveling.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2012\/07\/end-of-kali-yuga-in-2025-unraveling.html\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E[2] Censorinus, De Die Natali, xviii.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[3] R. B. Firestone et al, “Evidence for an extraterrestrial impact 12,900 years ago that contributed to the megafaunal extinctions and the Younger Dryas cooling”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), Oct 2007, Vol.104, No.41, pp. 16016-16021, https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0706977104\u003Cbr \/\u003E[4] Victoria Dmitrieva, The Legend of Shambhala in Eastern and Western Interpretations, Mc Gill University, November 1997, p. 11.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[5] Revelation 20.4-6\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/7852601839223914204\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/03\/the-yuga-cycle-and-earths-precession.html#comment-form","title":"21 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/7852601839223914204"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/7852601839223914204"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/03\/the-yuga-cycle-and-earths-precession.html","title":"The Yuga Cycle and the 25,800-year Precession Cycle of the Earth"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh1Vc0rAeCGwffMYDip1NdD31rdLOJI89UZxaL9DYBG2zqEfRTzUna9GOPh8Ud0Mk5rviMvGixKmBa55H8FWtA3iwK0E_HlGEiNkI9_aiL5J5KrVHv_zl1A0p7deGzaPDrmTpAE9bWAOZ8lXTrIeOs6n1WnG25txkJS5Yg1p7hOWPZE7rbRuLhczsakIOk\/s72-c\/Yuga%20Cycle%2025800%20years2%20small.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"21"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-3284133419772115839"},"published":{"$t":"2023-12-15T15:05:00.013+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2025-08-02T13:17:19.870+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Shift"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Announcing The Release Of My Book \"YUGA SHIFT\""},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhrKQmZDUkwlapXaSoWT-bu9XxXiHzy4xvEpUqzFvXUW9K3LFrpd-QA3pFbk1pBVrPic-cIvWPnMGiBCS5rHTmM0p-SQxJNRDWkS7n_ui4szivg1-FecR522YMxjreafAkgWLIUucXzbt6Y3tTqSpBwH0k3tEa-n1JbL2l6IC0KkmJs09TWHavDjLr-a-4\/s400\/Yuga%20shift%20edit.png\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"258\" data-original-width=\"400\" height=\"206\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhrKQmZDUkwlapXaSoWT-bu9XxXiHzy4xvEpUqzFvXUW9K3LFrpd-QA3pFbk1pBVrPic-cIvWPnMGiBCS5rHTmM0p-SQxJNRDWkS7n_ui4szivg1-FecR522YMxjreafAkgWLIUucXzbt6Y3tTqSpBwH0k3tEa-n1JbL2l6IC0KkmJs09TWHavDjLr-a-4\/s320\/Yuga%20shift%20edit.png\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EI am pleased to announce that my book \"Yuga Shift: The End of the Kali Yuga \u0026amp; The Impending Planetary Transformation\" has been released on December 15, 2023.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EAs some of you are aware, more than a decade ago, in the year 2012, I had written an article on the Yuga Cycle and the impending end of the Kali Yuga in 2025. Since then, I have done a great deal of additional research on this very important topic that concerns all of us, and come across many pieces of evidence from diverse disciplines that corroborates my initial study and sheds much-needed light on many aspects of this grand cycle of time that regulates human civilization and human consciousness.\u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe book is available for purchase on Amazon.com for \u003Ci\u003EInternational readers\u003C\/i\u003E and on Amazon.in, Flipkart, and the online book store of White Falcon Publishers (at a 10% discount) for \u003Ci\u003EIndian readers\u003C\/i\u003E. The links are provided below:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EInternational\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003EAmazon.com:\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8\u0026amp;qid=1702617983\u0026amp;sr=8-1\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EGoogle e-book\u003C\/i\u003E: \u003C\/b\u003EGo to https:\/\/books.google.com\/ and search for YUGA SHIFT,\u003Cb\u003E \u003C\/b\u003Eto get the link for your country.\u003Cb\u003E \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EIndia\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003EAmazon.in\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E: \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.in\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4?ref=myi_title_dp\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.amazon.in\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4?ref=myi_title_dp\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFlipkart\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E: \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.flipkart.com\/product\/p\/itme?pid=9798892220965\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.flipkart.com\/product\/p\/itme?pid=9798892220965\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EWhite Falcon Publishing store (\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EPaperback, 10% discount)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E:\u003C\/b\u003E \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/store.whitefalconpublishing.com\/collections\/latest-books\/products\/yuga-shift-the-end-of-the-kali-yuga-the-impending-planetary-transformation\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/store.whitefalconpublishing.com\/collections\/latest-books\/products\/yuga-shift-the-end-of-the-kali-yuga-the-impending-planetary-transformation\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EGoogle e-book (discounted price Rs. 209)\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?id=-XfzEAAAQBAJ\u0026amp;lpg=PR14\u0026amp;ots=9Kc8O3qibq\u0026amp;dq=yuga%20shift%20google%20books\u0026amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=yuga%20shift%20google%20books\u0026amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehttps:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?id=-XfzEAAAQBAJ\u0026amp;lpg=PR14\u0026amp;ots=9Kc8O3qibq\u0026amp;dq=yuga%20shift%20google%20books\u0026amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=yuga%20shift%20google%20books\u0026amp;f=false\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EI am sharing a brief description of the book, and a few testimonials. In the coming months, I shall write a series of articles for sharing some of the important ideas, evidence and insights in the book.\u0026nbsp;\u003Ci\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EBook Description\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EAlmost every ancient culture believed that human civilization and consciousness has progressively declined since an erstwhile Golden Age or Satya Yuga till the current age of greed and lies, discord and strife, called the Iron Age or Kali Yuga. Unfortunately, during our long passage through the darkness of the Kali Yuga, the original formulation of the Yuga Cycle was lost.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EIn this extensively researched book, Bibhu Dev Misra has delineated the common threads that run through the Yuga Cycle doctrines of multiple ancient cultures, taking the aid of scientific discoveries from various disciplines. His reconstruction of the original Yuga Cycle framework indicates that \u003Ci\u003Ethe end of the Kali Yuga is just around the corner - in 2025!\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EWithin a span of just 15 years, by the year 2040, the Kali Yuga civilization is likely to collapse due to a combination of global wars, environmental catastrophes and comet impacts. \u003Ci\u003EWe are living in the end-times that the ancient prophecies had warned us about.\u003C\/i\u003E The survivors of the impending cataclysms will inherit a renewed earth, bathed in the divine light of the Central Sun.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThere is compelling evidence from many sources that the Yuga Cycle is a valid scientific doctrine, and is perfectly aligned with the earth’s precession cycle. It explains the periodic collapse and re-emergence of civilizations across the world every 3000-odd years, and the progressive decline in our physical size and cranial volume over the past 11,700 years of the descending Yuga Cycle.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EBut why does our size and consciousness fluctuate in a sinusoidal manner over the course of the Yuga Cycle? What are the triggers for the cataclysmic obliteration of civilization during the periods of transition between the Yuga? What is the significance of the end-time prophecies which tell of a Savior or Avatar returning at the end of the Kali Yuga? How can we navigate through the upheavals and chaos of the Yuga-ending period?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThese are some of the key questions addressed in this book. This riveting and thought-provoking work contains one of the most important messages of our time.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003ETestimonials\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\"Yuga Shift is a triumph in its scope and overall message...The world now sits at the precipice of a major transformation. This book is the key to understanding these changes in an entirely new, yet grounded and centered way, that emerges from Misra's meticulous research and spiritually infused voice.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E- Brian Francis Culkin, author, The Ayahuasca Dialogues and Studies in Symbolic Astrology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\"Impeccably weaving together mythology, history and sacred texts from across the world, Bibhu Dev Misra makes a compelling case that we are nearing the end of the Kali Yuga, and beginning to emerge once again towards an Age of Light...through the doorway of awakening, perhaps as early as 2025.\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E- Kiara Windrider, author, Gaia Luminous, Homo Luminous, and the Issa trilogy\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\"Yuga Shift is both enlightening and riveting. Harnessing a wealth of historical data, Misra meticulously charts the Yuga Cycles, unraveling ancient timelines with remarkable precision. A monumental contribution that couldn't have arrived at a more urgent time.\"\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp style=\"margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E- Benjamin Grundy, host of the Mysterious Universe podcast series.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EI hope that the readers will find the book interesting and informative. Over the years, many readers have asked me though-provoking questions about many aspects of the Yuga Cycle, which, in some cases, led to long-drawn-out email discussions. I had many lingering doubts and queries of my own, and I am glad to say that I have been able to tie up the loose ends and present a comprehensive picture of the original Yuga Cycle formulation along with its implications for the modern-day civilization.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EAfter trudging through the dense, materialistic vibrations of the Kali Yuga over the past 5700-odd years, humanity has, once again, reached the crossroads of the Yugas. A long period of dramatic transformation lies ahead of us, which\n will test all of us to the very core.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E I hope the book will provide much-needed clarity to the readers as to what exactly is going on, where our decadent civilization of the Kali Yuga is headed and how we can deal with the significant changes that are on the way.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003ENamaste, and happy reading! \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/3284133419772115839\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2023\/12\/announcing-release-of-my-book-yuga-shift.html#comment-form","title":"21 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/3284133419772115839"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/3284133419772115839"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2023\/12\/announcing-release-of-my-book-yuga-shift.html","title":"Announcing The Release Of My Book \"YUGA SHIFT\""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhrKQmZDUkwlapXaSoWT-bu9XxXiHzy4xvEpUqzFvXUW9K3LFrpd-QA3pFbk1pBVrPic-cIvWPnMGiBCS5rHTmM0p-SQxJNRDWkS7n_ui4szivg1-FecR522YMxjreafAkgWLIUucXzbt6Y3tTqSpBwH0k3tEa-n1JbL2l6IC0KkmJs09TWHavDjLr-a-4\/s72-c\/Yuga%20shift%20edit.png","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"21"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-1360228214041993026"},"published":{"$t":"2023-10-14T18:51:00.005+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-05-20T12:27:45.808+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Lament of Hermes: A Prophecy of Civilizational Decline and the End-Times"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEghWBXW5HHEF2VNvzZO1dwoL-XTXvKeIOvHrFIVUfec4Isv0-RjhFvDClqdCQrndc1_PTvnLeRvpJoqyTwR58rzvj-qOr-YhxE2h_wu_FIxm8ZsCkMeAXNs8EYy4fJupecM3DUjAQ9F9ro-LjjMPoj6tIgwhUdxfYq98q9gw9806fjbCO3fV8kOCLS69eU\/s1800\/the-end-of-the-world-wallpaper.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1013\" data-original-width=\"1800\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEghWBXW5HHEF2VNvzZO1dwoL-XTXvKeIOvHrFIVUfec4Isv0-RjhFvDClqdCQrndc1_PTvnLeRvpJoqyTwR58rzvj-qOr-YhxE2h_wu_FIxm8ZsCkMeAXNs8EYy4fJupecM3DUjAQ9F9ro-LjjMPoj6tIgwhUdxfYq98q9gw9806fjbCO3fV8kOCLS69eU\/s320\/the-end-of-the-world-wallpaper.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ENote: This article was first published on \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/mysteriousuniverse.org\/2022\/09\/The-Lament-of-Hermes-A-Soul-Stirring-Prophecy-of-Civilizational-Decline-and-the-End-Times\/?fbclid=IwAR2sW9CF95kZrKN8hqtPCdZEpMyYIeIYQHvWaSAbdg4duIIciBVb154dWrw\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EMysterious Universe (MU)\u003C\/a\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThere was a widespread belief in the ancient times that human civilization has declined from an erstwhile Golden Age of uncommon peace and prosperity, when all men were virtuous. The ancient accounts reveal that the enlightened consciousness of the higher Ages allowed our ancestors to interact with inter-dimensional beings that they called their “gods”.\u003Cspan\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EIn the Golden Age, the gods lived on the Earth with humans, married mortal women and gave birth to demi-gods of extraordinary strength and magical prowess. The gods founded kingdoms, established the rules of monarchy, built temples and instituted rituals and sacrifices. In the \u003Ci\u003ECritias\u003C\/i\u003E, Plato wrote,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“In the days of old (Golden Age) the gods had the whole earth distributed among them by allotment...They all of them, by just apportionment, obtained what they wanted, and peopled their own districts; and when they had peopled them they tended us, their nurselings and possessions, as shepherds tend their flocks...Now different gods had their allotments in different places which they set in order.”[1]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EOver time, men began to fall from their state of divine grace, as their minds started becoming tainted with selfish desires. In tandem with the decline with human consciousness, the environment started to degrade, resulting in higher incidences of natural calamities and diseases.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe gods, however, continued to maintain a watch over human civilization till the beginning of the Iron Age, which the Hindus call Kali Yuga – the current age of greed, lies, violence and corruption that began in 3676 BCE. It is at that point that the gods, possibly, thought to themselves, “this is quite hopeless”, and packed their bags and left. Hesiod wrote in his \u003Ci\u003EWorks and Days\u003C\/i\u003E, that, in the Iron Age,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“Envy, foul-mouthed, delighting in evil, with scowling face, will go along with wretched men one and all. And then Aidos (Goddess of Modesty) and Nemesis (Goddess of Retribution), with their sweet forms wrapped in white robes, will go from the wide-pathed earth and forsake mankind, to join the company of the deathless gods: and bitter sorrows will be left for mortal men, and there will be no help against evil.”[2]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EAidos was the goddess of shame and modesty whose presence prevented men from breaking the moral laws, while Nemesis was the goddess who afforded divine retribution against injustices and hubris. With both of them gone, it became an open playing field for the forces of evil; sort of like going to school with all the teachers on leave - the bullies call all the shots.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjoGmLUR16lLotTOVbruaskSvhb9LxDlCJAQbj3lO9BInPCi1ePrD109B-l2MkKfn1xOk9Shxoyg7eMN4O6gkbXNMVzDMqNy_Hl74TlGMSrt4xVjqbmilULYiwrT_Ib-IT5VeMvd6Gh9dP_ptkx1GezwuWEweuvhZYIomnDxMDIfaMR7EnkVi7XaYZ0uCI\/s1536\/Statuette%20of%20Nemesis%20in%20Form%20of%20female%20griffin,%20resting%20on%20the%20wheels%20of%20fate,%20Roman%20period%202nd%20century,%20faience,%20Brroklyn%20museum,%20CC%20BY%203.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Nemesis in the form of a female griffin, resting on the wheels of fate\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1536\" data-original-width=\"1209\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjoGmLUR16lLotTOVbruaskSvhb9LxDlCJAQbj3lO9BInPCi1ePrD109B-l2MkKfn1xOk9Shxoyg7eMN4O6gkbXNMVzDMqNy_Hl74TlGMSrt4xVjqbmilULYiwrT_Ib-IT5VeMvd6Gh9dP_ptkx1GezwuWEweuvhZYIomnDxMDIfaMR7EnkVi7XaYZ0uCI\/w315-h400\/Statuette%20of%20Nemesis%20in%20Form%20of%20female%20griffin,%20resting%20on%20the%20wheels%20of%20fate,%20Roman%20period%202nd%20century,%20faience,%20Brroklyn%20museum,%20CC%20BY%203.jpg\" width=\"315\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure\n 1: Statuette of Nemesis in form of a female griffin, resting on the \nwheels of fate. Roman period, 2nd century CE, Faience. Source: Brooklyn \nMuseum, CC BY 3.0\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe progressive degeneration of humanity, and the eventual renewal of the world at the end of this Age, was stated in a poignant manner in the form of a prophecy called the “The Lament of Hermes” in the Hermetic text called \u003Ci\u003EAsclepius\u003C\/i\u003E [3].\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe Hermetic texts or Hermetica were written in Latin between the c. 1st century – 3rd century CE, during the Greco-Roman culture of the Ptolemaic and Roman periods of Egypt. These writings on philosophical and occult topics were attributed to Thoth, the Egyptian god of wisdom, writing, science and magic, whom the Greeks identified with their god Hermes. Hermes was the “messenger of the gods”, who moved easily between the mortal and divine realms wearing his winged sandals. As such, his wisdom and insights were highly valued. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjvsIwvJeSDmzksKVg-xoAOa-5T-YXh_ShvvkdrVUxJcFRDO3mqDml6Qg3n5jOd2jX5UpzjXbnx8bBEm5-w9e2ucUDckBcuqzeIzevwpb4FC_S4dSCvRc7vfHCswj7GOLpzweVF-ykVX0LmqixfzdP-oLb_GvpEnfn2DLqC32qzmSRV1USrBec_R1arA0I\/s881\/Hermes,%20the%20messenger%20god,%20wearing%20winged%20sandals%20and%20cholding%20the%20caduceus,%20Terracotta%20oil%20flask%20480%20to%20470%20BCE,%20edit%20Greek,%20Metmuseum,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Hermes, wearing winged sandals and holding the caduceus\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"881\" data-original-width=\"780\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjvsIwvJeSDmzksKVg-xoAOa-5T-YXh_ShvvkdrVUxJcFRDO3mqDml6Qg3n5jOd2jX5UpzjXbnx8bBEm5-w9e2ucUDckBcuqzeIzevwpb4FC_S4dSCvRc7vfHCswj7GOLpzweVF-ykVX0LmqixfzdP-oLb_GvpEnfn2DLqC32qzmSRV1USrBec_R1arA0I\/w354-h400\/Hermes,%20the%20messenger%20god,%20wearing%20winged%20sandals%20and%20cholding%20the%20caduceus,%20Terracotta%20oil%20flask%20480%20to%20470%20BCE,%20edit%20Greek,%20Metmuseum,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" width=\"354\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure\n 2: Hermes, the messenger god, wearing winged sandals and holding the \ncaduceus. Greek Terracotta oil flask, c.480 - 470 BCE. Source: \nMetropolitan Museum of Art, Public Domain\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe prophecy begins with Hermes telling his pupil Asclepius of the dark days of Egypt that were to come when the gods leave the Earth. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Lament of Hermes\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“Do you not know, Asclepius, that Egypt is an image of heaven, or, to speak more exactly, in Egypt all the operations of the powers which rule and work in heaven have been transferred to earth below? Nay, it should rather be said that the whole Kosmos dwells in this our land as in its sanctuary. And yet, since it is fitting that wise men should have knowledge of all events before they come to pass, you must not be left in ignorance of this: there will come a time when it will be seen that in vain have the Egyptians honoured the deity with heartfelt piety and assiduous service; and all our holy worship will be found bootless and ineffectual. For the gods will return from earth to heaven. Egypt will be forsaken, and the land which was once the home of religion will be left desolate, bereft of the presence of its deities.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EIn this part of the prophecy, Hermes describes Egypt as an “image of heaven”, in which the heavenly powers dwell. Egypt is not an exception in this respect, for many ancient cultures laid out their cities in accordance with a cosmic plan, in which the central temple or palace symbolized the cosmic center and the seat of the cosmic sovereign; typically, four roads led outwards from this central place, dividing the kingdom into four parts, each of which represented one of the four cosmic quarters, presided over by a guardian deity. This basic pattern was followed not only in the Buddhist kingdoms of Asia, but also in large parts of Mesoamerica.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EHermes tells Asclepius that the holy worship of the people of Egypt will become ineffective in future when “the gods will return from earth to heaven”. This suggests that the prophecy had been dictated at a time prior to the beginning of the Iron Age or Kali Yuga, when the gods still interacted with humans and responded to their prayers. Even though the prophecy was written down sometime between the 1st and 3rd centuries, the contents appear to be significantly older.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EComing back to the prophecy, Hermes continues to describe to Asclepius the calamities that will befall Egypt:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Lament of Hermes (contd)\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThis land and region will be filled with foreigners; not only will men neglect the service of the gods, but … ; and Egypt will be occupied by Scythians or Indians or by some such race from the barbarian countries thereabout. In that day will our most holy land, this land of shrines and temples, be filled with funerals and corpses...\u003Cbr \/\u003EDo you weep at this, Asclepius? There is worse to come; Egypt herself will have yet more to suffer; she will fall into a far more piteous plight, and will be infected with yet more, grievous plagues; and this land, which once was holy, a land which loved the gods, and wherein alone, in reward for her devotion, the gods deigned to sojourn upon earth, a land which was the teacher of mankind in holiness and piety, this land will go beyond all in cruel deeds. The dead will far outnumber the living; and the survivors will be known for Egyptians by their tongue alone, but in their actions they will seem to be men of another race.\u003Cbr \/\u003EO Egypt, Egypt, of thy religion nothing will remain but an empty tale, which thine own children in time to come will not believe; nothing will be left but graven words, and only the stones will tell of thy piety. And in that day men will be weary of life, and they will cease to think the universe worthy of reverent wonder and of worship. And so religion, the greatest of all blessings, for there is nothing, nor has been, nor ever shall be, that can be deemed a greater boon, will be threatened with destruction; men will think it a burden, and will come to scorn it. They will no longer love this world around us, this incomparable work of God, this glorious structure which he has built, this sum of good made up of things of many diverse forms, this instrument whereby the will of God operates in that which he has made, ungrudgingly favouring man’s welfare, this combination and accumulation of all the manifold things that can call forth the veneration, praise, and love of the beholder.\u003Cbr \/\u003EDarkness will be preferred to light, and death will be thought more profitable than life; no one will raise his eyes to heaven; the pious will be deemed insane, and the impious wise; the madman will be thought a brave man, and the wicked will be esteemed as good. As to the soul, and the belief that it is immortal by nature, or may hope to attain to immortality, as I have taught you, all this they will mock at, and will even persuade themselves that it is false. No word of reverence or piety, no utterance worthy of heaven and of the gods of heaven, will be heard or believed.\u003Cbr \/\u003EAnd so the gods will depart from mankind, a grievous thing!, and only evil angels will remain, who will mingle with men, and drive the poor wretches by main force into all manner of reckless crime, into wars, and robberies, and frauds, and all things hostile to the nature of the soul…After this manner will old age come upon the world. Religion will be no more; all things will be disordered and awry; all good will disappear.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThis part of the prophecy is quite striking in the sense that the fate of ancient Egypt turned out exactly the way it had been foretold by Hermes. When the vast architectural treasures of ancient Egypt were rediscovered in 1798, during the military expedition of Napoleon – when more than 160 artists and scholars had traveled with the French army to take extensive notes and make sketches – the religion, language and culture of Egypt had already been forgotten for many centuries. Many of the grand monuments of the past had collapsed into piles of stones and reclaimed by the sand. The exotic relief carvings and the extensive hieroglyphic inscriptions on the stones told of a mysterious past, when the pharaohs ruled the land and worshiped a litany of strange gods.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgID7qSgZtTLlq9z7k6cFifmgzcI5eIVIJZPoZhyphenhyphenLBCX991cJtfyRrP1PPGmu_Il01w3lIViBV6eFPAk3YJlSetvuWt8aUpYhyphenhyphenx5oYJxhHETd6MhXdOechlCppeqxq-cO047wvB5p2bVKfYx0xog3rqpwvQ5ArPy4DnuV0iuQUfKFgRHHVjUF_M9-v5tKA\/s1024\/Napoleon%20Bonaparte%20Before%20the%20Sphinx,%20Jean-L%C3%A9on%20G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me,%20oil%20on%20canvas,%201868%20CE,%20Wikimedia%20Commons,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Napoleon Bonaparte Before the Sphinx\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"607\" data-original-width=\"1024\" height=\"380\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgID7qSgZtTLlq9z7k6cFifmgzcI5eIVIJZPoZhyphenhyphenLBCX991cJtfyRrP1PPGmu_Il01w3lIViBV6eFPAk3YJlSetvuWt8aUpYhyphenhyphenx5oYJxhHETd6MhXdOechlCppeqxq-cO047wvB5p2bVKfYx0xog3rqpwvQ5ArPy4DnuV0iuQUfKFgRHHVjUF_M9-v5tKA\/w640-h380\/Napoleon%20Bonaparte%20Before%20the%20Sphinx,%20Jean-L%C3%A9on%20G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me,%20oil%20on%20canvas,%201868%20CE,%20Wikimedia%20Commons,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure\n 3: Napoleon Bonaparte Before the Sphinx, oil on canvas by Jean-Léon \nGérôme, 1868 CE. Source: Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg0ZtHFFIG4UafAWKfmhNbc8u7tZCfyx4MQVeBUrM1JXfKVL9CrdrAoOQJA7dpwwDMZPXV3g8ygAop7OSeUNjZLvO0Ni3qXsPvg5sj5EKCrIM8qXRLxz0-mcFwjrFs0XT39W0NjvDiKHTVJN3ZjNaCAomZkoZBT_JHpvKV3V0PRIXxOiPwW20-XMD-rYd8\/s1024\/Columns%20of%20the%20temple%20at%20Edfu,%20Egypt,%20Coloured%20lithograph%20by%20Louis%20Haghe%20after%20David%20Roberts,%201846,%20Wikimedia%20Commons%20CC%20BY%204.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"659\" data-original-width=\"1024\" height=\"412\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg0ZtHFFIG4UafAWKfmhNbc8u7tZCfyx4MQVeBUrM1JXfKVL9CrdrAoOQJA7dpwwDMZPXV3g8ygAop7OSeUNjZLvO0Ni3qXsPvg5sj5EKCrIM8qXRLxz0-mcFwjrFs0XT39W0NjvDiKHTVJN3ZjNaCAomZkoZBT_JHpvKV3V0PRIXxOiPwW20-XMD-rYd8\/w640-h412\/Columns%20of%20the%20temple%20at%20Edfu,%20Egypt,%20Coloured%20lithograph%20by%20Louis%20Haghe%20after%20David%20Roberts,%201846,%20Wikimedia%20Commons%20CC%20BY%204.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure\n 4: The temple of Horus at Edfu, Egypt. Coloured lithograph by Louis \nHaghe after David Roberts, 1846. Source: Wikimedia Commons CC BY 4.0\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThere is no way that the compilers of the Hermetic texts, which had been put into writing between the 1st and 3rd centuries could have anticipated such a turn of events for the magnificent civilization of Egypt. Even though Egypt was under Greco-Roman rule from 304 BCE – 395 CE, there was hardly any diminution of the Egyptian culture or religion during this period.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe Ptolemaic Greek rulers of Egypt called themselves “pharaohs”, participated in the rituals of kingship, and venerated the Egyptian gods just like their predecessors. More significantly, the Ptolemies renovated the existing temples and built a number of news ones in pure Egyptian style. In fact, the most well-preserved temples of Egypt in the current day – that of Horus at Edfu, Hathor at Dendera, Horus and Sobek at Kom Ombo and the ethereal temple of Isis at Philae – were built during the Ptolemaic period (304 BCE – 30 BCE), and sometimes completed during the Roman rule (30 BCE – 395 CE). Even during the Roman period, the Roman Emperor was represented as a pharaoh in temple reliefs, and his name was enclosed in a cartouche, although few of them ever visited Egypt.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEixRfUYUIDaVvR2koJ8HHPFTAz4gqTpYskbSZPmSpIno8Dsz6OGEMsUd9WA5f8_lX2MzZpYNQNUCKub0N7sNp4EwQoHEvyeAj_tMgThTEhTWetxu1aR41jhEWGxICkJsWCu463BFMlNn3pRN5Svt93HB_kwy-6Y7vOmU_G8iZmTOhJhvEnzp4OWASiRlGA\/s995\/Relief%20from%20the%20temple%20of%20Kom%20Ombo%20depicting%20Ptolemy%20VIII%20receiving%20the%20sed%20symbol%20from%20Horus,%20copy%20Olaf%20Tausch,%20CC%20BY%203.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Kom Ombo relief depicting Ptolemy VIII receiving the sed symbol from Horus\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"995\" data-original-width=\"780\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEixRfUYUIDaVvR2koJ8HHPFTAz4gqTpYskbSZPmSpIno8Dsz6OGEMsUd9WA5f8_lX2MzZpYNQNUCKub0N7sNp4EwQoHEvyeAj_tMgThTEhTWetxu1aR41jhEWGxICkJsWCu463BFMlNn3pRN5Svt93HB_kwy-6Y7vOmU_G8iZmTOhJhvEnzp4OWASiRlGA\/w314-h400\/Relief%20from%20the%20temple%20of%20Kom%20Ombo%20depicting%20Ptolemy%20VIII%20receiving%20the%20sed%20symbol%20from%20Horus,%20copy%20Olaf%20Tausch,%20CC%20BY%203.jpg\" width=\"314\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure\n 5: Relief from the temple of Kom Ombo depicting Ptolemy VIII receiving \nthe sed symbol from Horus. Source: Wikimedia Commons \/ Olaf Tausch, CC \nBY 3.0\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe real decline of the Egyptian civilization started soon afterwards. The death knell was sounded in 391 CE, when the Roman Emperor Theodosius I issued the first in a series of edicts that prohibited all pagan cult worship.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“No person shall approach the shrines, shall wander through the temples, or revere the images formed by mortal labor, lest he become guilty by divine and human laws.”[4]\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThen in 392 CE, in a long decree, he forbade all forms of pagan worship, including private religious rites. No sacrifice in any place or any city was permitted. A burnt offering became a treasonable offense, while one who practiced more humble pagan rites, such as the veneration of a statue or even tying a ribbon around a tree, was threatened with the loss of property [5].\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe enactments unleashed fanatical mobs of Christian monks across the Roman Empire on an unbridled spree of destruction of pagan temples and idols. Libanius, a teacher of the Sophist school, wrote to Theodosius describing the ongoing attacks of Christian monks, who he said,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“Hasten to attack the temples with sticks and stones and bars of iron, and in some cases, disdaining these, with hands and feet. Then utter desolation follows, with the stripping of roofs, demolition of walls, the tearing down of statues and the overthrow of altars, and the priests must either keep quiet or die. After demolishing one, they scurry to another, and to a third, and trophy is piled on trophy, in contravention of the law. Such outrages occur even in the cities, but they are most common in the countryside.”[6] \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003ETheodosius ordered Cynegius, the praetorian prefect of the East, to permanently close down the temples and forbade the worship of the deities throughout Egypt and the East.[7] Cynegius went further than Theodosius’s official policy, and commissioned temple destruction on a wide scale, even employing the military under his command and “black-robed monks” for this purpose.[8]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EIn 391 CE, the bishop of Alexandria, Theophilus, ordered the destruction of the Serapeum – which housed the remaining books of the Library of Alexandra - and its conversion into a church. In an unsurpassed act of cruelty, a horde of Christian monks brutally murdered Hypatia, the world- renowned mathematician, astronomer and philosopher of Alexandria. As per the \u003Ci\u003EBritannica\u003C\/i\u003E, “they pulled her from her carriage on a street in Alexandria, dragged her to a church, stripped her naked, beat her to death and \/ or flayed her, tore off her limbs, and burned her remains.”[9]\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe acts of madness spread quickly throughout Egypt, leading to a wider destruction of holy sites, which is borne out by the archaeological findings of broken and burnt out buildings and hastily buried objects of piety [10].\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhpwAGX6rcJptRKZoVUaO20fBl26t6-3yA5UYudSr82wsREAyz8pazj1HVaMfY-4HfXxfxFTqT9vDLPj3qfq8ZrrguKmelnJ9K3PANzW4M-EsqcihQjimIlAzBgNhkXXzmwyKEMYGraZCtvn16bIXqMFWlKWvf9iFiDNRb2aigcNw1dd3WHTNTXTbWJ9wg\/s1024\/The%20Burning%20of%20the%20Library%20at%20Alexandria%20in%20391%20CE,%20Lithograph%20by%20Ambrose%20Dudley%20c%201910,%20Wikimedia%20Commons,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The Burning of the Library at Alexandria which was housed in the Sepapeum in 391 CE\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"754\" data-original-width=\"1024\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhpwAGX6rcJptRKZoVUaO20fBl26t6-3yA5UYudSr82wsREAyz8pazj1HVaMfY-4HfXxfxFTqT9vDLPj3qfq8ZrrguKmelnJ9K3PANzW4M-EsqcihQjimIlAzBgNhkXXzmwyKEMYGraZCtvn16bIXqMFWlKWvf9iFiDNRb2aigcNw1dd3WHTNTXTbWJ9wg\/w400-h295\/The%20Burning%20of%20the%20Library%20at%20Alexandria%20in%20391%20CE,%20Lithograph%20by%20Ambrose%20Dudley%20c%201910,%20Wikimedia%20Commons,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure\n 6: The Burning of the Library at Alexandria which was housed in the \nSepapeum in 391 CE. Lithograph by Ambrose Dudley c. 1910. Source: \nWikimedia Commons, Public Domain\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe persecutions did not stop here. More misery was in store for Egypt. In 639 CE, the Arabs conquered Egypt by wrestling control from the Byzantine Empire. This started another phase of tyranny, but this time the Coptic Christians bore the brunt of it. Christian churches were destroyed, forced conversions to Islam was order of the day, accompanied by jizya (tax) for those who refused to convert. By the 10th century, Islam had become the dominant faith of Egypt, and Arabic the sole vernacular.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EAlmost as a reaction to the malice that men bore against each other, Mother Nature also turned violent. Secular records show that 83 earthquakes were recorded in Egypt between 2200 BCE – 1899 CE. Of these only 7 occurred in the BCE years; at most 3 till the end of the ninth century; and the remaining 73 earthquakes occurred in the next millennium [11]. Many of these earthquakes devastated the ancient temples, which had already been wrecked by the fanatics and were tottering due to disuse and neglect. Some of these temples disappeared in the sands of the expanding desert forever, taking with them the grand legends and mysterious incantations that they held.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThus, the prophecy of Hermes was fulfilled in a rather spectacular manner. Egypt was occupied by foreigners who did not speak their tongue or revere their gods, evil angels drove men to all kinds of reckless crimes, and nothing was left of the ancient Egyptian civilization except the stones that told of their religion and their piety. The sacred land of the gods was vandalized by waves of fanaticism and hatred that it had never witnessed before. In a way, what happened in Egypt was a mirror for what was happening in the rest of the world, as native cultures came under the sword of invaders, their natural resources plundered, their lands taken away from them, and their culture, language, manuscripts, temples and precious artifacts ruthlessly exterminated.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EWe have now reached a stage where the inversion of values is almost complete. Everything that is simple, pure and healthy, and brings peace, joy and contentment, has been devalued and cast away as being impractical or unnecessary, while the acquisition of wealth and power at any cost, and the uninhibited indulgence of the senses, has been touted as the sole purposes of life. Standing on their ivory towers, scientists and academics have proclaimed the non-existence of the soul and the futility of religious rituals and the spiritual way of life. The ancients have been labeled as primitives and our own self-destructive ways of life have been positioned as the greatest achievements of humanity.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EIt is difficult to imagine how any mortal, living in the 1st - 3rd centuries CE, could have made a prediction of such astonishing precision. Surely, the prophecy must have proceeded from some divine agency at an earlier period i.e. from Thoth \/ Hermes, and was put down in writing much later. In the final part of the prophecy, Hermes tells Asclepius that, at some point in the future, the decline will be reversed and the Earth will be renewed by the divine will of the Creator.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Lament of Hermes (contd)\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EBut when all this has befallen, Asclepius, then the Master and Father, God, the first before all, the maker of that god who first came into being, will look on that which has come to pass, and will stay the disorder by the counterworking of his will, which is the good. He will call back to the right path those who have gone astray; he will cleanse the world from evil, now washing it away with water-floods, now burning it out with fiercest fire, or again expelling it by war and pestilence. And thus he will bring back his world to its former aspect, so that the Kosmos will once more be deemed worthy of worship and wondering reverence, and God, the maker and restorer of the mighty fabric, will be adored by the men of that day with unceasing hymns of praise and blessing.\u003Cbr \/\u003ESuch is the new birth of the Kosmos; it is a making again of all things good, a holy and awe-striking restoration of all nature; and it is wrought in the process of time by the eternal will of God. For Gods will has no beginning; it is ever the same, and as it now is, even so it has ever been, without beginning. For it is the very being of God to purpose good.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe final part of the prophecy tells us of the Purification event that occurs at the end of every World Age or Yuga, which has been mentioned in so many ancient traditions. The periodic cleansings are necessary, not only to remove the evil that gradually infests the minds of men in course of the descending Yuga Cycle, but, just as importantly, to return the Earth to a pure and pristine state for a new wave of human civilization to emerge; and god knows that over the past few centuries we have polluted our world with dangerous toxins and garbage, and defiled our minds with an endless stream of egoic desires and dark thoughts. This means that the next Day of Purification could be just round the corner.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe Egyptians believed that the collapse and re-emergence of civilization occurs on a periodic basis; and that the triggers for periodic cataclysmic events that obliterate civilization come from outer space in the form of comets and meteors. This belief was expressed quite explicitly by an old Egyptian priest of Sais, in course of his conversation with Solon, the Athenian law-giver, as recounted by Plato in the \u003Ci\u003ETimaeus\u003C\/i\u003E. The Egyptian priest of Sais told Solon,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“There have been, and will be again, many destructions of mankind arising out of many causes; the greatest have been brought about by the agencies of fire and water, and other lesser ones by innumerable other causes…\u003Cbr \/\u003EThere is a story, which even you have preserved, that once upon a time Phaethon, the son of Helios, having yoked the steeds in his father's chariot, because he was not able to drive them in the path of his father, burnt up all that was upon the earth, and was himself destroyed by a thunderbolt. Now this has the form of a myth, but really signifies a declination of the bodies moving in the heavens around the earth, and a great conflagration of things upon the earth, which recurs after long intervals; at such times those who live upon the mountains and in dry and lofty places are more liable to destruction than those who dwell by rivers or on the seashore...When, on the other hand, the gods purge the earth with a deluge of water, the survivors in your country are herdsmen and shepherds who dwell on the mountains, but those who, like you, live in cities are carried by the rivers into the sea. \u003Cbr \/\u003EWhereas just when you and other nations are beginning to be provided with letters and the other requisites of civilized life, after the usual interval, the stream from heaven, like a pestilence, comes pouring down, and leaves only those of you who are destitute of letters and education; and so you have to begin all over again like children, and know nothing of what happened in ancient times, either among us or among yourselves.”[12]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe reference to the “stream from heaven” that comes pouring down like a pestilence, is a clear allusion to the many meteor streams that the Earth crosses during its annual orbit around the Sun. During such times, the Earth can get impacted by civilization-ending bolides and large comet fragments that move within these streams.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EEvidence is mounting by the day that comet impacts and meteor airbursts have caused widespread devastation in the past. Many such events have been recorded in the folklore and sacred texts of the ancients. The periodic nature of such events led the people of antiquity to look upon comets as the portents of all sorts of troubles such as wars, earthquakes, famines, diseases etc. Comets were called the “harbingers of doom”, and “the portents of impending disaster” sent directly from heaven for the warning of mankind.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgtwfWqcsv99P1edh3z_VFiFb2vVqA_8RvvYwjuqGfz7stu6XEbBOb6iV2BZ0m2G2OqB_FUPc-a0EInW4Ec-exHXJri1xXHdraC21d-Mz404eOYXsqIDIxNGnV1v0vI5sNtzj01WKOazMgnJeA0GhHkRXjIUbDDogKrwxbGLNSB89QVKWGxUDxfx1rdagA\/s1080\/Comet%20hitting%20earth%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"617\" data-original-width=\"1080\" height=\"366\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgtwfWqcsv99P1edh3z_VFiFb2vVqA_8RvvYwjuqGfz7stu6XEbBOb6iV2BZ0m2G2OqB_FUPc-a0EInW4Ec-exHXJri1xXHdraC21d-Mz404eOYXsqIDIxNGnV1v0vI5sNtzj01WKOazMgnJeA0GhHkRXjIUbDDogKrwxbGLNSB89QVKWGxUDxfx1rdagA\/w640-h366\/Comet%20hitting%20earth%20small.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EConsidering the unnerving accuracy of the prophecy of Hermes thus far, there is every likelihood that the final part of the prophecy will also be fulfilled at some point in the future. As much as some people would like to believe, there is no magic wand which can be waved to turn the tide and miraculously elevate human consciousness and restore all of nature to the original pristine state. We must, necessarily, go through these narrow environmental bottlenecks, out of which only a few survivors emerge, and begin again from scratch with a new set of values and guiding principles. The ancients knew about these grand cycles very well, and we would do well to heed their warnings. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReferences\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E[1] Plato, CRITIAS (360 BCE), tr. by Benjamin Jowett, https:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/cla\/plato\/critias.htm\u003Cbr \/\u003E[2] Hesiod: Works and Days translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White [1914], https:\/\/people.sc.fsu.edu\/~dduke\/lectures\/hesiod1.pdf\u003Cbr \/\u003E[3] The Lament, Asclepius III, tr. by Walter Scott, taken from https:\/\/www.kemetexperience.com\/the-lament\/\u003Cbr \/\u003E[4] Codex Theodosianus XVI.10.10, taken from “The End of Paganism”, Encyclopaedia Romana, https:\/\/penelope.uchicago.edu\/~grout\/encyclopaedia_romana\/greece\/paganism\/paganism.html\u003Cbr \/\u003E[5] Codex Theodosianus. XVI.10.12, taken from: as above\u003Cbr \/\u003E[6] Pro Templis (Oration XXX.8-10)\u003Cbr \/\u003E[7] Grindle, Gilbert (1892), The Destruction of paganism in the Roman Empire, pp. 29–30\u003Cbr \/\u003E[8] Peter Brown, Power and Persuasion in Late Antiquity: Towards a Christian Empire, University of Wisconsin Press, 1992, pp. 107.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[9] “Hypatia”, Encyclopedia Britannica, https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Hypatia\u003Cbr \/\u003E[10] MacMullen, Ramsay (1984), Christianizing The Roman Empire AD 100–400, Yale University Press\u003Cbr \/\u003E[11] Ahmed Badawy, \"Historical Seismicity of Egypt\", Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica 34(1):119-135, https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/283839188_Historical_seismicity_of_Egypt\u003Cbr \/\u003E[12] Plato, Timaeus (360 BC) tr. by Benjamin Jowett\u003Ci\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/1360228214041993026\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2023\/10\/the-lament-of-hermes-soul-stirring.html#comment-form","title":"5 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/1360228214041993026"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/1360228214041993026"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2023\/10\/the-lament-of-hermes-soul-stirring.html","title":"The Lament of Hermes: A Prophecy of Civilizational Decline and the End-Times"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEghWBXW5HHEF2VNvzZO1dwoL-XTXvKeIOvHrFIVUfec4Isv0-RjhFvDClqdCQrndc1_PTvnLeRvpJoqyTwR58rzvj-qOr-YhxE2h_wu_FIxm8ZsCkMeAXNs8EYy4fJupecM3DUjAQ9F9ro-LjjMPoj6tIgwhUdxfYq98q9gw9806fjbCO3fV8kOCLS69eU\/s72-c\/the-end-of-the-world-wallpaper.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"5"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-1117896251160525044"},"published":{"$t":"2022-11-16T18:34:00.007+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-05-25T12:17:40.656+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Earth Mysteries"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Four Worlds and the Mysterious Ant People of the Hopi: What it Means For Us"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjSp2D3pE2FTGS3Tmotqi6pbzojiZzs4Ixgk3-vdB9pF1IQRYpsY508KpopSm3SlXgCXFuNyqWicCcDFR4JmjzpTWkVeyBXb1Gwnw5rjs7BNIPyekgJiWJubC01V40XzsNPWyABKzSaEVYHuYu8Kv8s4-kBBkTTAt44gySzSJ3tnqw_zyUGu0LD7nDQ\/s500\/Hopi%20McKee%20Springs%20Petroglyph%20featured%20image%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"366\" data-original-width=\"500\" height=\"234\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjSp2D3pE2FTGS3Tmotqi6pbzojiZzs4Ixgk3-vdB9pF1IQRYpsY508KpopSm3SlXgCXFuNyqWicCcDFR4JmjzpTWkVeyBXb1Gwnw5rjs7BNIPyekgJiWJubC01V40XzsNPWyABKzSaEVYHuYu8Kv8s4-kBBkTTAt44gySzSJ3tnqw_zyUGu0LD7nDQ\/s320\/Hopi%20McKee%20Springs%20Petroglyph%20featured%20image%20small.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EN\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Eote: This article was first published on \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/mysteriousuniverse.org\/2022\/11\/The-Four-Worlds-and-the-Mysterious-Ant-People-of-the-Hopi-What-it-Means-For-Us\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EMysterious Universe (MU)\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe Hopi tribe consists of twelve villages built on top of three rocky mesas in northeastern Arizona. The mesas are flat-topped ridges that rise abruptly out of the desert plains. Even though the Hopi have been subjected to waves of external influences, and an overtly technological civilization swirls all around them, their traditional way of life has not been greatly affected. They have maintained their sacred covenant with Maasaw – the Lord of the Dead \u0026amp; the Caretaker of the earth – and live as peaceful, humble farmers, respecting the land and its resources, always remembering the Creator Taiowa and the spirit beings called Kachina, through their ceremonies, songs, dances and rituals. This helps, as they claim, to maintain the harmony and balance of the world.\u003Cspan\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj9LTPhT0xRlS9qkJTCxNxxak06vifjgh9MIWwfwueMjArB5SyH5-AQ7btzSXy2y67ld1b6YM88Vftd8Y8akXNZaZBGZOFri_X6NUMmG7SD0o0Lu_W4NKr9T6VSIEQ42hnyKWWEQX4UK6ocXGqVX1JetgZ_o61t8_U3rKveJQEVkhUihBH8CkIc3xM8FtI\/s1004\/The%20Hopi%20village%20of%20Wolpi,%20Arizona,%201972,%20US%20National%20Archives%20and%20Records%20Administration,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The Hopi village of Wolpi, Arizona, 1972\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"604\" data-original-width=\"1004\" height=\"386\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj9LTPhT0xRlS9qkJTCxNxxak06vifjgh9MIWwfwueMjArB5SyH5-AQ7btzSXy2y67ld1b6YM88Vftd8Y8akXNZaZBGZOFri_X6NUMmG7SD0o0Lu_W4NKr9T6VSIEQ42hnyKWWEQX4UK6ocXGqVX1JetgZ_o61t8_U3rKveJQEVkhUihBH8CkIc3xM8FtI\/w640-h386\/The%20Hopi%20village%20of%20Wolpi,%20Arizona,%201972,%20US%20National%20Archives%20and%20Records%20Administration,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure 1: The Hopi village of Wolpi, Arizona, 1972. Source: US National Archives and Records Administration, Public Domain\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh65-5-q1M4eP5OxQAagYoIRpfINg2Zm_WyqdJqEDi6fNZPtgFI5lNpQKzwoq9D2-A0C6tmQlsnkghK-SEykz2g8U-yEqDRpCNyr71IoOxbutn7khLj2Q9QhnPRpmTfiyBjEW7FrG1wtHEvGykVUqjcXf7C7y7yO9i1DRxC9t9hFTEIc-FLlRI8__QzKPs\/s942\/Hopi%20men%20performing%20the%20Hopi%20Snake%20Dance%20Ceremony%20at%20the%20pueblo%20of%20Oraibi,%20Arizona,%201898,%20California%20Historical%20Society,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Hopi men performing the Snake Dance Ceremony at the pueblo of Oraibi, Arizona, 1898\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"697\" data-original-width=\"942\" height=\"296\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh65-5-q1M4eP5OxQAagYoIRpfINg2Zm_WyqdJqEDi6fNZPtgFI5lNpQKzwoq9D2-A0C6tmQlsnkghK-SEykz2g8U-yEqDRpCNyr71IoOxbutn7khLj2Q9QhnPRpmTfiyBjEW7FrG1wtHEvGykVUqjcXf7C7y7yO9i1DRxC9t9hFTEIc-FLlRI8__QzKPs\/w400-h296\/Hopi%20men%20performing%20the%20Hopi%20Snake%20Dance%20Ceremony%20at%20the%20pueblo%20of%20Oraibi,%20Arizona,%201898,%20California%20Historical%20Society,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure\n 2: Hopi men performing the Snake Dance Ceremony at the pueblo of \nOraibi, Arizona, 1898. The priest in front is holding a snake in his \nmouth. Source: California Historical Society, Public Domain\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe Hopi creation stories tell us of three previous Worlds, each of which was destroyed by cataclysmic events when it was overtaken by evil and war. In every case, however, a few righteous Hopi were saved who populated the next World. Today, we are living in the Fourth World, which, too, will suffer the same fate as the previous ones, if humanity lives out of balance and forgets his obligations to the Creator and the environment.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EIn the seminal \u003Ci\u003EBook of the Hopi\u003C\/i\u003E,[1] Frank Waters presented a moving account of the Hopi traditions and their way of life. He sourced his information directly from some thirty Hopi elders of the Oraibi village, which is the oldest, continuously occupied settlement in the US.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe Hopi believe that, in the beginning, Taiowa was the only one who existed in the midst of endless space. He conceived the plan of creation in his mind, and brought forth Sotuknang to act as an instrument of his will. Sotuknang created all the universes, by gathering what he needed from space and transforming it into solid, liquid and gaseous substances. He created Spider Woman to be his helper on Earth.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003ESpider Woman created all life forms, including human beings, while Sotuknang gave the First People the power of speech, wisdom and the ability to reproduce and multiply. Then he said to them, \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“With all these I have given you this world to live on and to be happy. There is only one thing I ask of you. To respect the Creator at all times. Wisdom, harmony and respect for the love of the Creator who made you. May it grow and never be forgotten among you as long as you live.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgxJviQ-nmSxOduJqhA8epEAJLnEXh4JxN_HZv7xfd8_29q62e5MvLfZmJIhtxTMIA6xfiakFRDEVbJp3VSNG7K3FeprzIB5QOT4EXU9RowVIiX74xn-WOCb68sBIh9X3VkSfT58zbnekt4yUAXJ3q3e0-0QaZMSgF8fpKpL0yJglsVTJewjl5lD2SVADw\/s1007\/Hopi%20mural%20depicting%20Taiowa,%20the%20sun%20spirit,%20Petrified%20Forest%20National%20Park,%20Arizona,%20NPS,%20Public%20domain.jpeg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Hopi mural depicting Taiowa\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"676\" data-original-width=\"1007\" height=\"269\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgxJviQ-nmSxOduJqhA8epEAJLnEXh4JxN_HZv7xfd8_29q62e5MvLfZmJIhtxTMIA6xfiakFRDEVbJp3VSNG7K3FeprzIB5QOT4EXU9RowVIiX74xn-WOCb68sBIh9X3VkSfT58zbnekt4yUAXJ3q3e0-0QaZMSgF8fpKpL0yJglsVTJewjl5lD2SVADw\/w400-h269\/Hopi%20mural%20depicting%20Taiowa,%20the%20sun%20spirit,%20Petrified%20Forest%20National%20Park,%20Arizona,%20NPS,%20Public%20domain.jpeg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure\n 3: Hopi mural depicting Taiowa. The Sun was regarded as the “Face of \nTaiowa”, his visible manifestation in the Solar System. Petrified Forest\n National Park, Arizona. Credit: NPS, Public domain\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ETokpela – The First World\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe First People led a pure and happy life in the First World, which was called Tokpela meaning “Endless Space”. They multiplied and spread over the earth, and could communicate telepathically with each other and with the birds and animals. But soon they became engrossed in materialistic desires and forgot the plan of creation. They became keenly aware of the racial and linguistic differences between people, and of the differences between humans and animals. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThen, the first signs of rift and discord began to appear. “They became suspicious of one another and accused one another wrongfully until they became fierce and warlike and began to fight one another…There was no rest, no peace.” It wasn’t long before Sotuknang appeared before some of the righteous Hopi and told them that, “this world must be destroyed and another one created so you people can start over again. You are the ones we have chosen.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe selected Hopi were instructed to follow certain “clouds” in the sky during the daytime and certain “stars” at night, and reach a specific place. When the last ones arrived, Sotuknang, \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“Led them to a big mound where the Ant People lived, stamped on the roof, and commanded the Ant People to open up their home. When an opening was made on top of the anthill, Sotuknang said to the people, ‘Now you will enter this Ant kiva, where you will be safe when I destroy the world. While you are here I want you to learn a lesson from these Ant People. They are industrious. They gather food in summer for the winter. They keep cool when it is hot and warm when it is cool. They live peacefully with one another. They obey the plan of creation.’”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhPnUsC2vrli6ZCX0_0zeIC056Tao46bQFp-rr7YFqDYTIIReT4alzmEZzoogr8yaMtgdkhF0bWclemR77jHqw97Yl09QyEk9yy5_PsC4koaVpcc-XU8ER0qavgM6ewIFjD3qC1SvwBA-A19uUtMPS4pFIib4Bstw4bloeUsUC7ZqD8CUxd8x-DnkEqCcc\/s1033\/Hopi%20McKee%20Springs%20Petroglyph%20featured%20image%20copy.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"A Hopi petroglyph at McKee Springs, Utah\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"756\" data-original-width=\"1033\" height=\"468\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhPnUsC2vrli6ZCX0_0zeIC056Tao46bQFp-rr7YFqDYTIIReT4alzmEZzoogr8yaMtgdkhF0bWclemR77jHqw97Yl09QyEk9yy5_PsC4koaVpcc-XU8ER0qavgM6ewIFjD3qC1SvwBA-A19uUtMPS4pFIib4Bstw4bloeUsUC7ZqD8CUxd8x-DnkEqCcc\/w640-h468\/Hopi%20McKee%20Springs%20Petroglyph%20featured%20image%20copy.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure\n 4: A Hopi petroglyph at McKee Springs, Utah, which, many think, may be \ndepicting a Hopi person in the company of the Ant People. Source: Adobe \nStock.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe Hopi lived peacefully in the underground habitat of the Ant People. They had large rooms to live in and rooms for storage. Even though it was dark, the crystals on the walls of the rooms had absorbed sunlight and radiated that light, allowing the Hopi to see. In the meantime, Sotuknang had destroyed the world above them with a rain of fire and by opening up the volcanoes.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EAfter the world had cooled off, he created the Second World. “He changed its form completely, putting land where the water was and water where the land had been, so the people upon their Emergence would have nothing to remind them of the previous wicked world.” Finally he came to the roof of the Ant kiva, and asked the people to emerge into the Second World.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ETokpa – the Second World\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EAs the Hopi began to emerge into the Second World from the Ant mound, Sotuknang said to them, \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“Make your Emergence now to this Second World I have created. It is not quite as beautiful as the First World, but it is beautiful just the same. You will like it. So multiply and be happy. But remember your Creator and the laws he gave you. When I hear you singing joyful praises to him I will know you are my children, and you will be close to me in your hearts.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe Second World was called Tokpa, meaning Dark Midnight. Once again, the people multiplied and spread out over the world, retaining their ability to communicate over long distances by telepathy. However, the animals were wild and stayed apart. The people built houses, produced artifacts, and started trading. In course of time, their desires began to multiply. The more they got, the more they wanted. Slowly, they drifted away from the life of simplicity they had been given, and forgot to sing praises to the Creator. Quarrels and wars erupted between villages.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EOnce again, Sotuknang appeared before a few righteous people, and told them that the Second World will also be destroyed. He called on the Ant People to open up their underground world for those Hopi who would be saved from the impending catastrophe. \u003Cbr \/\u003ESotuknang then asked the twins Poqanghoya and Palongawhoya, who lived at the North and South Poles and controlled the rotation of the earth, to leave their posts. As result, the earth spun around wildly, and briefly stopped rotating. Mountains plunged into the seas, the waters sloshed over the land, and everything froze into solid ice.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EAfter a long time, the rotation of the earth was restored, the ice began to melt and Sotuknang created the Third World by rearranging the landmasses and seas, mountains and plains, and created all forms of life. He then went to the Ant kiva and asked the Hopi to come out.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EKuskurza – The Third World\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EWhen the Hopi came out of the Ant kiva, Sotuknang imparted to them the instructions for living in the Third World. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“I have saved you so you can be planted again on this new Third World. But you must always remember the two things I am saying to you now. First, respect me and one another. And second, sing in harmony from the tops of the hills. When I do not hear you singing praises to your Creator I will know you have gone back to evil again.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThis time, as the people spread out and multiplied over the earth, they built large cities, and a complex civilization emerged, which demanded all their time and attention.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003ESoon enough, they began to move away from the true path and forgot their obligations to the Creator. Immorality burgeoned everywhere. Some people made flying shields called patuwvota, on which they could fly to a big city, carry our guerrilla-style attacks, and return so quickly that no-one knew who or what hit them. As more cities began to make patuwvotas and attack each another, a big war broke out.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EPredictably, Sotuknang decided to destroy the world once again, so that the people who still had the song in their hearts could be saved. He instructed Spider Woman to cut off tall plants with hollow stems, put the selected people inside with a little water and cornmeal dough, and seal them up. After that Sotuknang unleashed a terrible flood in which the continents broke asunder and sank beneath the waves. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EAfter a long time of getting tossed around on the waves, Spider Woman brought the people out of the hollow reeds. They saw that there was water everywhere, and they were standing on a piece of land which had been the top of one of their highest mountains.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003ESpider Woman then instructed the Hopi to build boats using the hollow reeds, and they sailed eastwards towards the rising sun. The great fleet of boats and rafts stopped at a few islands on the way for rest, but they were constantly urged on by Spider Woman to keep sailing eastwards. Finally, they reached the shores of a large landmass which extended from north to south as far as they could see, with high mountains that came down to the water’s edge. They had arrived at the Fourth World! \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ETuwaqachi – The Fourth World\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003ESotuknang, as always, appeared before them and told them, while pointing in the direction from which they came, “Down on the bottom of the seas lie all the proud cities, the flying patuwvotas, and the worldly treasures corrupted with evil, and those people who found no time to sing praises to the Creator from the tops of the hills.” He, then, gave the survivors the necessary instructions for living in the Fourth World.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“The name of this Fourth World is Tuwaqachi, World Complete. You will find out why. It is not all beautiful and easy like the previous ones. It has height and depth, heat and cold, beauty and barrenness; it has everything for you to choose from. What you choose will determine if this time you can carry out the plan of Creation on it or whether it must in time be destroyed too. Now you will separate and go different ways to claim all the earth for the Creator. Each group of you will follow your star until it stops. There you will settle.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThen the Hopi met Masaw, the caretaker, guardian and protector of the Fourth World. Masaw was also the Lord of the Dead in the underworld. Masaw instructed the Hopi to complete their migrations, as instructed by Sotuknang. He added that, “if you go back to evil ways again, I will take over the earth from you, for I am its caretaker, guardian and protector…so go now and claim the land with my permission.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EAnd, thus, began a long period of Hopi migrations, after which the clans settled in the places indicated by their guiding stars. The Hopi believe that they were guided by their star to this harsh desert landscape so that they would always have to evoke the spirits through their prayers and songs in order to ensure timely rains and good crops, and thereby maintain their faith in the Creator and their connection with the otherworld.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgonzxX_gwtOGeHXbP46a_2AqM6iNPU7Uw4yc5Oy1L9On-u7LSoCG_Z7-FhVlUr5q5WwFRD9o48k55gkhYJUNv5Pgf_2DnEdVpbazgUw3Xg3kPcueuVxWjYYQJUBdKdzsLqIS4icmrhp1a2qXDEH9QkwDZGXMdBk3WAi2QZN3XAb4RE7c2CzYejjPrv81Q\/s1024\/Hopi%20Oraibi%20village,%20Arizona,%20between%201871%20to%201907,%20US%20National%20Archives%20and%20Records%20Administration,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Hopi village of Oraibi, 1898\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"809\" data-original-width=\"1024\" height=\"506\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgonzxX_gwtOGeHXbP46a_2AqM6iNPU7Uw4yc5Oy1L9On-u7LSoCG_Z7-FhVlUr5q5WwFRD9o48k55gkhYJUNv5Pgf_2DnEdVpbazgUw3Xg3kPcueuVxWjYYQJUBdKdzsLqIS4icmrhp1a2qXDEH9QkwDZGXMdBk3WAi2QZN3XAb4RE7c2CzYejjPrv81Q\/w640-h506\/Hopi%20Oraibi%20village,%20Arizona,%20between%201871%20to%201907,%20US%20National%20Archives%20and%20Records%20Administration,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure\n 5: Hopi village of Oraibi, showing terraced houses with ladders that \nconnect each floor. Arizona, 1898. Source: California Historical \nSociety, Public Domain\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe Hopi account of the previous Worlds, where the conditions of life deteriorated from one World to the next, mirrors the concept of the Yuga Cycle. Clearly, their Four Worlds correspond to the four Yugas. In each of the previous Worlds, human consciousness degenerated over time, leading to the eruption of quarrels and wars. In the First World, the differences between people gave rise to suspicions and hatred, in the Second World the obsession with materialistic desires gave rise to discord, while in the Third World a complex civilization indulged in immoral behavior and invented flying crafts and terrible weapons of war that were used in an indiscriminate manner.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EWhen we think of our own decadent civilization in the Fourth World, we can check all those boxes and still have a bucketload of evils left over. Which means, there is a fair chance that Sotuknang may be pursing his lips right now and thinking, “It’s time to do away with these corrupt fellows!”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EIt is apparent from the Hopi worldview that, although, each of the previous Worlds was fresh and beautiful when it started, the conditions were slightly worse than the one before it. In other words, in tandem with the decline in virtue, the environment became less favorable. This is aligned with the tenets of the Yuga Cycle doctrine. The cataclysms that destroyed each of the previous Worlds – Fire, Floods and Ice - were said to be so powerful, that absolutely nothing remained of the previous World. The landmasses and seas were completely rearranged. This explains why it has been so difficult to find material evidence of the high civilizations of the past.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EIt is fascinating to know that, in the Third World, the Hopi people had designed \"flying shields” called patuwvotas, on which they could carry out aerial attacks on other cities. When the Third World was destroyed by Sotuknang, the patuwvotas and other worldly treasures sank to the bottom of the seas. In the Indian epics such as the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, there are many descriptions of flying vehicles called “vimanas”, which could be used for terrestrial travel and aerial warfare. For instance, the Ramayana relates that, in the Treta Yuga, Rama had returned from Lanka to Ayodhya on the spacious, dome-shaped, Pushpaka vimana, which was gilded and shone like the sun, and was operated by thoughts or voice instructions.[2] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgtFrzeRUCNz3rlHEUf96YPFj2kQ7lwsWLH5IDQ5TGA_PGl8yWEelyEAp2ugUZ1qYL1Tf3jZdE8Y-AswkOW2YKOXJEW3l_9HJ0g-ZZtbL4NREICR6SYyEXQSj2UyrRYGX3GQZgu6K90K1nCzvOd_mHteIsIGFm8lG3gzrH6rt3aRiRL2mEstPC9goi-t58\/s1026\/Pushpaka%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Pushpaka Vimana\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"829\" data-original-width=\"1026\" height=\"324\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgtFrzeRUCNz3rlHEUf96YPFj2kQ7lwsWLH5IDQ5TGA_PGl8yWEelyEAp2ugUZ1qYL1Tf3jZdE8Y-AswkOW2YKOXJEW3l_9HJ0g-ZZtbL4NREICR6SYyEXQSj2UyrRYGX3GQZgu6K90K1nCzvOd_mHteIsIGFm8lG3gzrH6rt3aRiRL2mEstPC9goi-t58\/w400-h324\/Pushpaka%20small.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure\n 6: The Pushpaka Vimana on which Rama flew from Lanka to Ayodhya. Pahari \nart, Himachal Pradesh, India c. 1650 CE. Source: San Diego Museum of \nArt, Public Domain\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EA king of the Dwapara Yuga, named Salva, had acquired a vimana called Saubha from Lord Shiva, which was made by an asura called Maya Danava. This “flying city of iron” showed amazing maneuverability. The \u003Ci\u003ESrimad Bhagavatam\u003C\/i\u003E narrates,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“At one moment the magic airship built by Maya Danava appeared in many identical forms, and the next moment it was again only one. Sometimes it was visible, and sometimes not. Thus Salva’s opponents could never be sure where it was. From one moment to the next the Saubha airship appeared on the earth, in the sky, on a mountain peak or in the water. Like a whirling, flaming baton, it never remained in any one place.”[3]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe vimana described in the \u003Ci\u003ESrimad Bhagavatam\u003C\/i\u003E displayed the same kind of unreal movements that have been ascribed to UFOs in many reported sightings. This tells you that the UFO phenomenon must have been going on for thousands of years. The vimanas described in the ancient texts of India, however, were not built by humans. They were given to humans by the “gods”. As to who these “gods” were is a mystery that is yet to be resolved.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe references to the “Ant People” in the Hopi legends is equally mystifying. After the destruction of the first two Worlds, a few righteous Hopi were taken to the subterranean world of the Ant People. The Ant People are similar to the race of dwarfs mentioned in the legends of many ancient cultures, where they are called gnomes, goblins, leprechauns, yakshas etc. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Subterranean World of the Dwarfs\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EDwarfs figured prominently in the Maya civilization as well, where they were looked upon as a wise, skillful, clairvoyant race who built the now-ruined Maya archaeological sites. Eric Thompson, one of the most eminent scholars of Mesoamerican archaeology, wrote that, \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“The Zayamuincob (dwarfs) built the now-ruined archaeological sites, and the great stone roads while the world was still in darkness, before the sun was created…they (dwarfs) had magical powers and needed only to whistle to bring together stones in their correct positions in buildings.”[4] \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EAs per the beliefs of the Tzotzil and Oxchuc Maya, the dwarfs live below the surface of the earth.[5] Thompson further opined that, Zayamuincob, the name by which the dwarfs were known by the Maya, “may also be connected with zay, “ant,” for there is also a Yucatec tradition of an ancient race called chac zay uincob, “red ant men.”[6]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EApparently, the Maya referred to the dwarfs as “ant men” - the same term used by the Hopi! These widespread, ancient beliefs about the dwarfs and their subterranean cities makes one wonder if these legends could have been based on an underlying reality, which we have forgotten over time. How much do we really know about the subterranean world?\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgcpxOKuFo4cGjrHw7demQXOGEJT55l4i9Q9jiBf1JFv-qWgsi4C3YDSnn1wX8tfDCM5ccQN_TF11UveW0M17blNYR-Vss8Zs1zgbH0fsq_sgzBpoG1AhIZP4MyYMUiG00hzxh5oIOKXzWZUhapwJiAUcM3291uDvwtZxZPKoEvCQ2wvvpQ4W50AqB99ww\/s1094\/Maya%20dwarfs%20looking%20at%20a%20ballgame%20from%20their%20cave,%20Yaxchilan,%20Chiapas,%20Mexico,%20Jami%20Dwyer,%20edit%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Two Maya dwarfs look towards the King playing ball, from their cave. Yaxchilan, Chiapas, Mexico\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"725\" data-original-width=\"1094\" height=\"424\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgcpxOKuFo4cGjrHw7demQXOGEJT55l4i9Q9jiBf1JFv-qWgsi4C3YDSnn1wX8tfDCM5ccQN_TF11UveW0M17blNYR-Vss8Zs1zgbH0fsq_sgzBpoG1AhIZP4MyYMUiG00hzxh5oIOKXzWZUhapwJiAUcM3291uDvwtZxZPKoEvCQ2wvvpQ4W50AqB99ww\/w640-h424\/Maya%20dwarfs%20looking%20at%20a%20ballgame%20from%20their%20cave,%20Yaxchilan,%20Chiapas,%20Mexico,%20Jami%20Dwyer,%20edit%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure\n 7: Two Maya dwarfs look towards the King playing ball, from their cave.\n Yaxchilan, Chiapas, Mexico. Credit: Jami Dwyer, Public Domain\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EIn Norse legends, the race of little dwarfs were described as a wise and skillful folk, but in nature more like the giants than the good Aesir (gods); for they were spiteful and often wicked, and they loved the dark and the cold better than light and warmth.\u0026nbsp; In the book, \u003Ci\u003EIn the Days of Giants: A Book of Norse Tales\u003C\/i\u003E, we find the following description of the dwarfs:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“They lived deep down below the ground in caves and rocky dens, and it was their business to dig the precious metals and glittering gems that were hidden in the rocks, and to make wonderful things from the treasures of the under-world. Pouf! pouf! went their little hammers on their little anvils all day and all night. Sometimes they were friendly to the giants, and sometimes they did kindly deeds for the Aesir. But always after men came upon the earth they hated these new folks who eagerly sought for the gold and jewels which the dwarfs kept hidden in the ground. The dwarfs lost no chance of doing evil to the race of men.”[7]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe dwarfs of Norse legends were, apparently, not helpful towards humans, and often harmed them. However, in Germanic folklore, the dwarfs were portrayed as wise, skillful people who were wont to extend their help to humans. As per the \u003Ci\u003EEncyclopedia Britannica\u003C\/i\u003E, the dwarfs were a species of fairy beings inhabiting the interiors of mountains and the lower levels of mines. They were about the height of a two-year-old child, and were sometimes beautiful, but more usually they resembled grave old men with long beards.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“The mountain dwarfs were organized in kingdoms or tribes, with their own kings, chieftains, and armies. They lived in subterranean halls, believed to be full of gold and precious stones. They were principally famous for their skill in all kinds of metalwork and the forging of magical swords and rings, but they were also credited with profound wisdom and secret knowledge, having power to foresee the future (clairvoyance), assume other forms (shapeshifting), and make themselves invisible (which they did using the “Tarnkappe” or cloak of invisibility).\u003Cbr \/\u003EMany legends show dwarfs as kindly beings, generous to those who pleased them but vengeful when offended…Services rendered to them were often repaid by gifts of gold from their hoards; but those who stole their treasures either met with great misfortune thereafter or found the gold turned to dead leaves when they reached home. Mine-dwelling dwarfs were usually more capricious and spiteful than their mountain brothers. They could be heard moving about the lower levels and were sometimes seen by miners, who took care to placate them by gifts of food.”[8]\u003C\/blockquote\u003EEvidently, the dwarfs of Germanic legends are generous and helpful towards humans, although they have a propensity to become spiteful when they are offended.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EIn Celtic folklore, many stories of the dwarfs have been preserved, some of which, scholars believe, were transmitted in a series of waves from the 2nd to 11th centuries, to Wales, which was “the birthplace and the early home of Arthurian romance.” In the book, \u003Ci\u003EThe Dwarfs Of Arthurian Romance And Celtic Tradition\u003C\/i\u003E (1958) Vernon J. Harward tells us that the Celtic dwarfs live in a dimly lit subterranean world, which can be reached through hidden passages in the hills or river banks that overhang the deeper parts of the water. The dwarfs are said to be enormously strong – possibly as powerful as ten men - and possess magic vessels and supernatural weapons. They are immortal, clairvoyant, have the ability to disappear and possess musical skills which can lull a person to sleep. Interestingly, they are noble and truthful as well, and exhibit a friendly and generous attitude towards mortals, whom they sometimes conduct to their underground kingdoms.[9]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EA Welsh story written by Walter Map about 1183 CE, in his \u003Ci\u003EDe Nugis Curialmn\u003C\/i\u003E, tells of a dwarf king who had attended the wedding of Herla, a king of the ancient Britons. The dwarfs appeared in a great host, and brought with them sumptuous provisions for the feast, which were laid out in vases made of precious stones and vessels made of gold and crystal. A year later, the dwarf king reappeared to lead Herla to his own kingdom. “He [Herla] and his guide entered a very lofty cliff and after a space of darkness they passed into the light, seemingly not of the sun but of many lamps, like the palace of the sun in Ovid’s description.”\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EHaving celebrated there the marriage of the dwarf king, and having discharged his debt to the dwarf, Herla returned back laden with gifts, and with presents of horses, dogs, hawks, and other things. “When Herla returned to his own world, however, he learned that what had seemed only three days’ visit had been two hundred years or more.” This phenomenon of time dilation is very typical in Irish and Welsh legends, and occurs whenever someone returns after a visit to the land of the fairy folk.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EA story, similar in many respects, is found in the \u003Ci\u003EItinerarium Cambriae\u003C\/i\u003E, written about 1191 CE by Giraldus Cambrensis. He relates that in the neighborhood of Swansea, the priest Eliodorus confessed to Bishop David II (1148-1176), a strange experience of his boyhood. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E“While playing truant from school and hiding under the bank of a river…two little men of pigmy stature appeared to him, saying, “If you will come with us, we will lead you into a country full of delights and sports.” Assenting and rising up he followed his guides through a path at first subterraneous and dark into a most beautiful country, adorned with rivers and meadows, woods, and plains, but dim and not illuminated with the full light of the sun...The boy was brought before the king and introduced to him in the presence of the court...These men were of the smallest stature, but very well proportioned in their make; they were of fair complexion with luxuriant hair falling over their shoulders like that of women. They had horses adapted to their small stature, equal in size to greyhounds. They never took an oath; they detested nothing so much as lies. As often as they returned from the upper hemisphere, they reprobated our ambitions and our inconstancies; they had no form of public worship, being strict lovers and reverers, as it seemed, of truth...\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EAdvised by his mother to bring her some time a present of gold, with which that region abounded, he stole, while at play with the king's son, the golden ball with which he used to divert himself, and ran back in haste with it to his mother by the usual path. And when he reached the door of his father's house, but not unpursued by that people, and was entering it in a great hurry, his foot stumbled on the threshold, and he fell down into the room where his mother was sitting; two pigmies who had followed his tracks seized the ball which had dropped from his hand, and departed emitting spittle, contempt and derision...When he prepared to return by the accustomed way, and when he had reached the waterfall and the underground passage, no entrance whatever was visible.” \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThese stories tell us that the dwarfs, in general, were hospitable and generous towards humans, and it is because of the innate tendency of humans to lie, cheat or steal, that they got offended and took recourse to harmful actions. The dwarfs of Irish or Welsh legends appear to be no different than the Ant People of the Hopi, who lived in lavish comfort in dimly lit subterranean chambers, and willingly shared their homes with the Hopi, during the cataclysmic periods of destruction between the Worlds. The subterranean world of the Ant People could be reached by entering an Ant mound, while, in Celtic legends, the most common way of reaching the underground kingdom of the dwarfs was through passages hidden inside hills and mounds.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EIn Ireland, many hillocks and man-made mounds are called “sidhe” which are believed to be the home of the fairy folk, who are called aos sí , aes sídhe or daoine sí, meaning “people of the sidhe”. While some believe that the fairy folk lived inside the fairy mounds, according to others the fairy mounds contain a secret “hole in the ground” - which was sometimes covered with a stone that moved in obedience to certain words - that transported one to the underworld realm of the fairies and other spirit beings, including the dwarfs who are a part of the fairy tradition.[10] As per Irish folklore, the Boyne Valley passage mounds – which includes Newgrange, Dowth and Knowth – were the abode Oengus, the son of the Dagda, who was one of the Tuatha de Danann i.e. the ancestors of the fairy folk who once lived on the surface of the earth, but later moved underground.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg0G4RppRZidyKmDEm4ecxHiyUBuw2h0pb1eABfG3-zCiSUqiSTpLfwk8siU5ZL-IM9ZeaZtqMRtkpZAr3uVJEFZifqiHpQefKjnw8Vao0swERWphQL4RSVIFFEhMDX-FFHtxdt0egKmhjcVZsyw60jUycX2NK0tMKr5f8DhYS8aka98ywa3ll_B15imrQ\/s1080\/Knowth%20the%20largest%20prehistoric%20passage%20tomb%20of%20Bru%20na%20Boinne,%20edit%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The large prehistoric passage mound at Knowth, Ireland,\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"720\" data-original-width=\"1080\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg0G4RppRZidyKmDEm4ecxHiyUBuw2h0pb1eABfG3-zCiSUqiSTpLfwk8siU5ZL-IM9ZeaZtqMRtkpZAr3uVJEFZifqiHpQefKjnw8Vao0swERWphQL4RSVIFFEhMDX-FFHtxdt0egKmhjcVZsyw60jUycX2NK0tMKr5f8DhYS8aka98ywa3ll_B15imrQ\/w640-h426\/Knowth%20the%20largest%20prehistoric%20passage%20tomb%20of%20Bru%20na%20Boinne,%20edit%20small.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure\n 8: The large prehistoric passage mound at Knowth, Ireland, on the \nvalley of the River Boyne, surrounded by 17 smaller satellite mounds, \ndating from c. 3200 BC. Source: Adobe Stock.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhYgtI6PkLD8WhEem0phvzLogWW0mA9SZKOOoSow5oaxJA5kGjdDymhbwCqsPGjjUdLMRhYGVRYrcJKa4_Eu4Zm5g49_Ce_N5M6kZVd-YkkMryw2yAekAXuJfyr4RqNXkZ5h0h9X4kfdXmQTQ9LzZDm6ON33xQC3G4suBDKn9phr67VwlSfSeggJ785i40\/s1024\/One%20of%20the%2017%20satellite%20mounds%20at%20Knowth,%20Ireland,%20Jean%20Housen%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.JPG\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"One of the 17 satellite mounds at Knowth, Ireland\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"685\" data-original-width=\"1024\" height=\"428\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhYgtI6PkLD8WhEem0phvzLogWW0mA9SZKOOoSow5oaxJA5kGjdDymhbwCqsPGjjUdLMRhYGVRYrcJKa4_Eu4Zm5g49_Ce_N5M6kZVd-YkkMryw2yAekAXuJfyr4RqNXkZ5h0h9X4kfdXmQTQ9LzZDm6ON33xQC3G4suBDKn9phr67VwlSfSeggJ785i40\/w640-h428\/One%20of%20the%2017%20satellite%20mounds%20at%20Knowth,%20Ireland,%20Jean%20Housen%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.JPG\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure 9: One of the 17 satellite mounds at Knowth, Ireland. Credit: Jean Housen CC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThere are some remarkable correlations between the fairy mounds of Ireland the Hopi kiva. The kiva is a circular, semi-subterranean, pithouse used by the Hopi for conducting their religious ceremonies. The floor of the kiva is excavated three to four feet below the ground level, and upright sandstone slabs are used to line the earthen side walls. Four wooden posts set into the floor support the roof, which is made of wooden beams, covered over with bark and mud, giving the general appearance from outside of a flat-topped earthen mound.[11]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe kiva is entered from a hole in the roof using a ladder. At the center of the floor of the pithouse is a fire pit. Next to the fire pit is a small, deep, hole called sipapupuni or sipapu, which symbolizes the “Place of Emergence”, where the ancestral Hopi people came out of the underworld. It appears that the Hopi kiva was built in the likeness of the “Ant mound” or “Ant kiva” mentioned in their creation stories, while the sipapu symbolizes the entrance to a subterranean passage that led to the underground kingdom of the Ant People.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe parallels between the Hopi kiva and the fairy mounds of Ireland - which are also believed to contain a hole in the ground that transports one to the subterranean, otherworldly realm of the fairies, dwarfs and other spirit beings – are obvious and striking.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhvvgA96yie8JlK8IojOdmofhbA2RMaRY4LqKIe55_YrH1HoQi4-h8HIBVvB1eq1dN8Jxn7HaZZqSlynG-KlB6hsWnNEMd6fQQklwpZFRRO3MbZmkkkETVg6RAPWTzpHpp9HTW-TNarW6bXQUEI6VLs8HaINITMgYoZ-SbIROwk-F1cuUXUCKGVJtmx03c\/s905\/A%20reconstructed%20kiva%20at%20Bandelier%20National%20Monument,%20Public%20Domain%20edit.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"A reconstructed kiva at Bandelier National Monument\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"543\" data-original-width=\"905\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhvvgA96yie8JlK8IojOdmofhbA2RMaRY4LqKIe55_YrH1HoQi4-h8HIBVvB1eq1dN8Jxn7HaZZqSlynG-KlB6hsWnNEMd6fQQklwpZFRRO3MbZmkkkETVg6RAPWTzpHpp9HTW-TNarW6bXQUEI6VLs8HaINITMgYoZ-SbIROwk-F1cuUXUCKGVJtmx03c\/w640-h384\/A%20reconstructed%20kiva%20at%20Bandelier%20National%20Monument,%20Public%20Domain%20edit.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure 9: A reconstructed kiva at Bandelier National Monument, Public Domain.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiF7AOUpoNDhFi7vVY6YX3Hk_BoAop3VGUQoJBXg5ENjAPH17aOmazdp-N3mYZ80drh58HTCJZDs138kR0jyKVfsHZ9rOVYXJDuodyOmf-yp5yqEoGzSqH5M4YNojpvaT07mA-u-pknpI0ELtnABleFgLEIZeq4R-P6jaxmfzJojd7f4wyoxPWiqgfVwaA\/s1024\/Great%20Kiva,%20Chaco%20Canyon,%20US,%20NPS%20public%20domain.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The Great Kiva, Chaco Canyon\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"768\" data-original-width=\"1024\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiF7AOUpoNDhFi7vVY6YX3Hk_BoAop3VGUQoJBXg5ENjAPH17aOmazdp-N3mYZ80drh58HTCJZDs138kR0jyKVfsHZ9rOVYXJDuodyOmf-yp5yqEoGzSqH5M4YNojpvaT07mA-u-pknpI0ELtnABleFgLEIZeq4R-P6jaxmfzJojd7f4wyoxPWiqgfVwaA\/w640-h480\/Great%20Kiva,%20Chaco%20Canyon,%20US,%20NPS%20public%20domain.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure 10: The ruins of the Great Kiva, Chaco Canyon, US. Source: NPS, public domain\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhzh71LCLSSVk-VzH0jJh6hGf0MjBHX6QaOZgGXxT5jusNnxOkEV3XZvrCUPqs8mx6YqVfRfvzylTzR7eRSMj1FS_h8QpbMpUvKDwQSDrzoTzYEzv8Vpwq6xQQaucldKF0CTOYT5k_M7geQAOhto9k5qpAAhyuugnBhr_h7ha917vRddlw9wFhBSbnxfhM\/s1024\/Sipapuni%20in%20the%20floor%20of%20ruined%20kiva%20in%20Mesa%20Verde%20National%20Park,%20Colorado,%20US,%20Credit%20wvbailey%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Figure 11: A sipapu in the floor of a kiva in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. Source: NPS, Public Domain\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"768\" data-original-width=\"1024\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhzh71LCLSSVk-VzH0jJh6hGf0MjBHX6QaOZgGXxT5jusNnxOkEV3XZvrCUPqs8mx6YqVfRfvzylTzR7eRSMj1FS_h8QpbMpUvKDwQSDrzoTzYEzv8Vpwq6xQQaucldKF0CTOYT5k_M7geQAOhto9k5qpAAhyuugnBhr_h7ha917vRddlw9wFhBSbnxfhM\/w640-h480\/Sipapuni%20in%20the%20floor%20of%20ruined%20kiva%20in%20Mesa%20Verde%20National%20Park,%20Colorado,%20US,%20Credit%20wvbailey%20CC%20BY%20SA%203.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFigure 11: A sipapu in the floor of a kiva in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. Source: NPS, Public Domain\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EHow could such strange legends, symbols and architecture – which seem so outlandish in the context of our present worldview - take root amongst so many ancient cultures, unless they reflect a version of reality that was known to our ancestors but has been forgotten over time? It is no secret that giant subterranean caverns exist under the earth’s surface, while inexplicable sightings of dwarf humanoid beings continue to be reported till the present day. But, we seem to be living in a culture of denial, which simply cannot get its head around the possibility of other intelligent, humanoid beings inhabiting the planet with us, or for that matter, existing elsewhere in the universe.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAlthough we fancy ourselves as a highly advanced civilization, being overtly proud of our technological progress and flashy gadgets, as per the worldview of the Hopi and other indigenous cultures, we are, in fact, languishing at the fag end of an age of darkness and ignorance, having lost nearly all of our psychic abilities and being disconnected from other dimensions of existence, our spiritual core and the soul of the planet. We are on a roller-coaster ride towards a steep precipice, being beset, as we are, by ever-burgeoning levels of greed, deception and hatred.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003EThe Hopi legends suggest that when the eventual dissolution of this phase of civilization is at hand, certain righteous people, who are deemed worthy of making it across to the new World, will be guided to the subterranean land of the dwarfs until the world is renewed. Which means that the eventual destruction is likely to be preceded by a time of “lifting of the veil” when we will become aware of other dimensions of existence, and of our place and role in the greater scheme of things. A lot of what passes as myths and legends today, could then be revealed as eye-witness accounts of the previous Worlds, left behind by our ancestors. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReferences\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E[1] Frank Waters, Book of the Hopi, Ballantine Books, New York, 1963.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[2] Valmiki Ramayana, 6.124 - 126, https:\/\/www.wisdomlib.org\/hinduism\/book\/the-ramayana-of-valmiki\/d\/doc424752.html\u003Cbr \/\u003E[3] Srimad Bhagavatam 10.76.2 – 10.76.33 and 10.77.1 – 10.77.37, https:\/\/www.srimadbhagavatamclass.com\/srimad-bhagavatam-canto-10-chapter-76-text-01\/\u003Cbr \/\u003E[4] J. Eric S. Thompson, Maya History and Religion, University of Oklahoma Press, 1972, pp. 340-341.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[5] Ibid p. 347.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[6]J. Eric S. Thompson, Maya History and Religion, op. cit., p. 341.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[7]Abbie Farwell Brown, \"In the Days of Giants: A Book of Norse Tales\", 1902, p 6-7.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[8] \"Dwarf\", Britannica, https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/dwarf-mythology\u003Cbr \/\u003E[9] Vernon J. Harward Jr., “The Dwarfs of Arthurian Romance and Celtic Tradition”, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1958, p 6-20\u003Cbr \/\u003E[10] W. Buck Baker, Celtic Mythological Influences on American Theatre, 1750-1875 (University Press of America, 1994) 31\u003Cbr \/\u003E[11] Arthur H. Rohn and William M. Ferguson, Puebloan Ruins of the Southwest (UNM Press, 2006) 31.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/1117896251160525044\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2022\/11\/httpswww.bibhudevmisra.com202211hopi-four-worlds-ant-people.html.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/1117896251160525044"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/1117896251160525044"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2022\/11\/httpswww.bibhudevmisra.com202211hopi-four-worlds-ant-people.html.html","title":"The Four Worlds and the Mysterious Ant People of the Hopi: What it Means For Us"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjSp2D3pE2FTGS3Tmotqi6pbzojiZzs4Ixgk3-vdB9pF1IQRYpsY508KpopSm3SlXgCXFuNyqWicCcDFR4JmjzpTWkVeyBXb1Gwnw5rjs7BNIPyekgJiWJubC01V40XzsNPWyABKzSaEVYHuYu8Kv8s4-kBBkTTAt44gySzSJ3tnqw_zyUGu0LD7nDQ\/s72-c\/Hopi%20McKee%20Springs%20Petroglyph%20featured%20image%20small.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-5821816365079786586"},"published":{"$t":"2022-08-20T22:33:00.011+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-12-10T20:34:10.319+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cosmic Wisdom"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Phoenix: Is it a Bird or a Many-tailed, Sungrazing, Jupiter Family Comet?"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjOTQrKHY4Sw-3_wqBRDGQJcnBj5Z5mftnUKDp-yJX0v1Ie1bqjo8YcR57Rp2QzpHVxOQZtYjUbz4wbb4H8Ty1ke7NGTtrxSd1H5aQdvuThxaoImcEVD0TQCBOfvtd0pwraqnC1bclKc3ewu-HHRd-2wskzpZjlItjafbJfU2s24Ba_ZdtLrmO2_E6ZKnk\/s500\/Phoenix%20thumbnail.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"333\" data-original-width=\"500\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjOTQrKHY4Sw-3_wqBRDGQJcnBj5Z5mftnUKDp-yJX0v1Ie1bqjo8YcR57Rp2QzpHVxOQZtYjUbz4wbb4H8Ty1ke7NGTtrxSd1H5aQdvuThxaoImcEVD0TQCBOfvtd0pwraqnC1bclKc3ewu-HHRd-2wskzpZjlItjafbJfU2s24Ba_ZdtLrmO2_E6ZKnk\/s320\/Phoenix%20thumbnail.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: medium;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003ENote: This article is based on my book,\"Yuga Shift\", and was originally published on MU (mysteriousuniverse.org).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIn 1973, archaeologists opened the tomb of Lady Dai, the wife of a Han dynasty aristocrat, who had died in 168 BCE. In the tomb, they found a collection of manuscripts written on silk – more than 2000 years old – now known as the Mawangdui Silk Texts, since the tomb was found at the Mawangdui burial site in the Hunan province of China.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EAmong the treasure trove of manuscripts was a Han-era “Comet Atlas”, in which was recorded hundreds of comet sightings over a few centuries, with two-dozen rendering of specific comet forms. One of them, in particular, stood out. It was a swastika-like comet called “Di Xing, the long-tailed pheasant bird”. This comet had the longest description in the atlas: “Appearing in spring means good harvest, in summer means drought, in autumn means flood, in winter means small battles.”[1]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe reason why this comet was described as a “long-tailed pheasant bird” is not hard to guess. The tails of the comet must have resembled the pheasant bird’s long, colorful tail. There is, in fact, a strong visual similarity between a bird and a two-tailed comet. The straight, bluish, ion tail of a comet looks like the tail feathers of a bird, while the curvy, yellowish, dust tail corresponds to the wings of a bird. A two-tailed comet streaming through the night sky can be easily imagined as a gigantic, luminous bird in flight.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjetExIgVVK_fgH83m9qPruourbK5lzR9t8jGXCCR6bTJ9VbOsle_c3gLKM73Xvz_A6D6NBVQZHwZVmlw4wjeFpBGsQkSS4dcn9HGfSzC_22tKtpJ4z5uowiVuALKPJfJ-BvVLn9o7h0nc6YBFD0orGNnMThtR6Hx0U1SJGu13E-ihtHiMBNeaEfc6AwmI\/s1080\/51%20Comet_Hale-Bopp_Wikimedia%20CC%20BY%20SA3.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Comet Hale-Bopp\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"923\" data-original-width=\"1080\" height=\"341\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjetExIgVVK_fgH83m9qPruourbK5lzR9t8jGXCCR6bTJ9VbOsle_c3gLKM73Xvz_A6D6NBVQZHwZVmlw4wjeFpBGsQkSS4dcn9HGfSzC_22tKtpJ4z5uowiVuALKPJfJ-BvVLn9o7h0nc6YBFD0orGNnMThtR6Hx0U1SJGu13E-ihtHiMBNeaEfc6AwmI\/w400-h341\/51%20Comet_Hale-Bopp_Wikimedia%20CC%20BY%20SA3.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure\n 1: Comet Hale-Bopp, April 1997, shortly after passing perihelion. \nSource: E. Kolmhofer, H. Raab; Johannes-Kepler-Observatory, Linz, \nAustria; Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EComets with multiple tails bear an even greater degree of resemblance to the many, colorful tails of the pheasant bird. For instance, the Great Comet of 1744 (also known as Comet de Chéseaux) was exceedingly bright and was visible to the naked eye for several months in 1744. It developed a spectacular “fan” of six tails after it moved away from perihelion i.e. the closest point to the Sun.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIn early March 1744, the six tails extended well above the horizon while the comet's head remained invisible due to the morning twilight.[2] Observers in the Southern Hemisphere reported an incredible tail length of approximately 90° (spanning almost half the sky) on March 18.[3]\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjn6dp4kPMbdESOoA7F1cnRHmhld57XMC06DSOGUJ5c_pAAKc6LD5gYRrKyzCtY_OWQn0qUQcAt62tQFGsd-ALT8OJAKPKLi_S-uESabI9eG0oMdVy1po4CRdAgGaODD2_1t7T5SF5awmlAMHKm0vnRnGPRRPPJnyg_Sns-pItlnGOH_3OJz7wFG-7008k\/s1080\/56%20The%20Great%20Comet%20of%201744.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"752\" data-original-width=\"1080\" height=\"279\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjn6dp4kPMbdESOoA7F1cnRHmhld57XMC06DSOGUJ5c_pAAKc6LD5gYRrKyzCtY_OWQn0qUQcAt62tQFGsd-ALT8OJAKPKLi_S-uESabI9eG0oMdVy1po4CRdAgGaODD2_1t7T5SF5awmlAMHKm0vnRnGPRRPPJnyg_Sns-pItlnGOH_3OJz7wFG-7008k\/w400-h279\/56%20The%20Great%20Comet%20of%201744.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure\n 2: The Great Comet of 1744. From Amedee Guillemin’s The World of Comets\n (London, 1877). Source: Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiOwwg3PPbT5JFeu89U-SkqNKbHR3ogbk0qBTmJRlGfSqpFPUcrb9bHDW9uuH288c5S1lhZ9oss2pZIsH5CnJLHw_OlsRkQWjCUnHLt-XK-DDhL714SKLTHi__pBsE8fLsYHVHZKlS1TgzZ-t84G9llbKzZFhMnpynrCo2YeYXzCEsJVikXjjF8_FtW_PQ\/s2016\/Golden%20pheasant%20twitter.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"2016\" data-original-width=\"1590\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiOwwg3PPbT5JFeu89U-SkqNKbHR3ogbk0qBTmJRlGfSqpFPUcrb9bHDW9uuH288c5S1lhZ9oss2pZIsH5CnJLHw_OlsRkQWjCUnHLt-XK-DDhL714SKLTHi__pBsE8fLsYHVHZKlS1TgzZ-t84G9llbKzZFhMnpynrCo2YeYXzCEsJVikXjjF8_FtW_PQ\/w315-h400\/Golden%20pheasant%20twitter.jpg\" width=\"315\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure 3: The male golden pheasant bird. Source: Twitter\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EAn important ecological function performed by migratory birds is the dispersal of seeds over long distances, which they carry in their plumage or digestive tract. Comets perform a similar function on a cosmic scale. Most scientists believe that comets seeded life on Earth by bringing water and complex organic molecules. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EProponents of the “cometary panspermia” doctrine, such as Sir Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, have proposed that comets seeded life on Earth by bringing dormant bacteria and desiccated DNA and RNA molecules. They believe that life-bearing planetary ejecta can easily hitch a ride within the shielded environment of comets, and seed distant planetary systems with life.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EA small percentage of meteorites found on the earth – called \"carbonaceous chondrites\" - are believed to be the remnants of extinct comets. Many carbonaceous chondrites have been found to contain water and microbial fossils, in addition to organic compounds of extraterrestrial origin.[4] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003ESome scientists have argued that, if comets were to transfer life across the galaxy, then solar UV radiation and cosmic rays would kill such “seeds of life” in transit. But these doubts have been dispelled by numerous experiments that show that even a thin layer of soil can protect most bacteria from lethal radiation.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe spores of Bacillus subtilis were mixed with soil and exposed to space in the BIOPAN facility of the ESA (European Space Agency), onboard the Russian Earth-orbiting FOTON satellite. The spores showed a survival rate of up to 100% after 2 weeks of exposure. The scientists in the study concluded that, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E“The data suggest that in a scenario of interplanetary transfer of life, small rock ejecta of a few cm in diameter could be sufficiently large to protect bacterial spores against the intense insolation.”[5]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIt would not be amiss, therefore, to think of comets as cosmic birds involved in spreading the “seeds of life” across the universe.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIt is well-known that many ancient cultures venerated a specific bird-deity as a symbol of immense strength, speed and prowess, which could block out the Sun with its wings, and release thunder and flashes of lightning to destroy its enemies. This bird was variously represented as an eagle, pheasant, peacock, heron etc., and was said to return periodically to the earth. It is still used as the insignia of royalty and the armed forces in many countries around the world.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe most well-known of these bird-deities is probably the Phoenix, which the ancient Egyptians knew as the Benu Bird. When we study the descriptions of the Benu Bird or the Phoenix, and some of its related symbols in the Mediterranean world such as the Aquila or the Double-Headed Eagle, it becomes quite apparent that the Phoenix is not a terrestrial bird by any stretch of the imagination, but a giant comet that returns periodically to the Earth and causes major upheavals.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe Phoenix and the Benu Bird\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EWhen Herodotus had gone to Egypt he came across the legend of the Phoenix, which the Egyptians knew as the Benu Bird. The Benu Bird was self-created (“He Who Came into Being by Himself”), a manifestation of the High God Atum, who mediated between the divine mind and created things.[6]\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIn the primordial times, the cry of the Benu bird broke the silence of the primeval night with the call of life and destiny, “which declared everything that is and not yet.”[7] In other words, it was the Benu Bird who set the act of creation in motion, determining everything that is to come.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe Benu was a brilliant “bird of light”, for its name is related to the Egyptian verb “wbn”, meaning “to rise in brilliance” or “to shine”. The Shu texts talk of the “breath of life which emerged from the throat of the Benu Bird”[8], which tells us that the Benu brought life to the earth.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIn a Coffin Text, the victorious soul says: “I come from the Isle of Fire, having filled my body with Hike, like “that bird” who [came and] filled the word with that which it had not known.”[9] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe renowned Egyptologist R.T. Rundle Clark had clarified that, as per Egyptian belief, the Isle of Fire is the “place of everlasting light beyond the limits of the world, where the gods were born or revived and whence they were sent into the world”; while Hike is the “vital essence” of life.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgFndZg82Hpv9sce9l47RZLLS68rFjp9iAHOexNTUsFx3aJaSSdfb53zIAA0nUF8zgGmyYiZwmIn0Qg-dM8A29mPl3aOrZLoT26m2jMkUjmCTux3s0PY_iLHubVesyk9-vSA5P8hzb6InfVnphqnauTMiWV9ApiGTNUn2G22X4pgdkL8SEfZN246O5y93M\/s1200\/59%20Benu%20bird%20papyrus%20Wikimedia%20public%20domain.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"870\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"290\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgFndZg82Hpv9sce9l47RZLLS68rFjp9iAHOexNTUsFx3aJaSSdfb53zIAA0nUF8zgGmyYiZwmIn0Qg-dM8A29mPl3aOrZLoT26m2jMkUjmCTux3s0PY_iLHubVesyk9-vSA5P8hzb6InfVnphqnauTMiWV9ApiGTNUn2G22X4pgdkL8SEfZN246O5y93M\/w400-h290\/59%20Benu%20bird%20papyrus%20Wikimedia%20public%20domain.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure\n 4: The Benu Bird was depicted in Egyptian art as a grey heron wearing \nthe Atef crown or a solar disk. Source: Public Domain Image via \nWikimedia Commons.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EApparently, the Egyptians are telling us of a celestial bird of light, who had brought life to the primordial earth from a place of everlasting life in the cosmos which the Egyptians called the Isle of Fire.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe Isle of Fire could be the sun, for the Benu Bird was also called the “son of Ra”[10]. The Britannica informs us, “both Horapollo and Tacitus speak of the Phoenix as a symbol of the sun.”[11] There is a definite allusion to comets here, for comets come from outer space, swing around the sun, and seed planetary systems such as ours with water and life.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe Egyptians used to depict the Benu Bird as a grey heron, wearing the Atef crown or a solar disk. When Herodotus (c.425 BCE) brought back the story of the Phoenix from Egypt to Greece, it had, by that time, transformed into an eagle with red and gold plumage. Herodotus wrote:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E“There is another sacred bird called the Phoenix. I have never seen it myself except in pictures, for it is extremely rare, only appearing, according to the people of Heliopolis, once in five hundred years, when it is seen after the death of its parent. If the pictures are accurate its size and appearance are as follows: Its plumage is partly red and partly gold, while in shape and size it is very much like an eagle. They (the Heliopolitans) tell a story about this bird which I personally find incredible: the Phoenix is said to come from Arabia, carrying the parent bird encased in myrrh; it proceeds to the temple of the sun and there buries the body.”[12]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe fact that the Phoenix was believed to return periodically every 500 years, is a tantalizing clue to its true nature. The only way we can explain it logically is if the Phoenix is a periodic comet.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EPliny added more color to Herodotus’s description of the Phoenix. In Natural History, Pliny wrote that the Phoenix “has a brilliant golden plumage around the neck, while the rest of the body is of a purple color; except the tail, which is azure (blue), with long feathers intermingled of a roseate hue.”[13] This conforms to the general appearance of comets, which have a yellowish dust tail, a blue ion tail, while some comets appear reddish due to the emission of sodium ions.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EHarris Rackham observed that Pliny’s description of a Phoenix, “tallies fairly closely with the golden pheasant of the Far East.”[14] Now, where else did we read about the golden pheasant? In the comet atlas of the Mawangdui Silk Texts, in which a swastika-like comet called Di Xing was described as a “long-tailed pheasant bird”.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EClaudian, while describing the Phoenix, wrote, “A mysterious fire flashes from its eye, and a flaming aureole enriches its head. Its crest shines with the sun’s own light and shatters the darkness with its calm brilliance.”[15] What could the flaming halo around the head of the Phoenix be, if not the brilliant coma around the nucleus of a comet? The gas and dust spewed by a comet is lighted up by solar radiation and forms an enormous glowing atmosphere around the nucleus called the coma. The dust particles reflect the sunlight directly, while the gases glow due to ionization.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhJ4KOWrnJJKEqh0XceVdTNpC8FT2Sp4WNYvFQgBG4FULDWAdxYJQsOjeibxaLwgTb2LagFgMU0dBhp7XGyWiZWMR6kssz1N00rKGDgM1kfB4WkOxcC5R9BRou-zAFHiPqD1Mgk6uZ4U59OQ6a3tW_gxTz11Dy6pxTsTTVZEmxzzQoWSPAeMMXU-4L1ovE\/s1024\/Phoenix-Fabelwesen.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"896\" data-original-width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhJ4KOWrnJJKEqh0XceVdTNpC8FT2Sp4WNYvFQgBG4FULDWAdxYJQsOjeibxaLwgTb2LagFgMU0dBhp7XGyWiZWMR6kssz1N00rKGDgM1kfB4WkOxcC5R9BRou-zAFHiPqD1Mgk6uZ4U59OQ6a3tW_gxTz11Dy6pxTsTTVZEmxzzQoWSPAeMMXU-4L1ovE\/w400-h350\/Phoenix-Fabelwesen.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure 5: A depiction of the Phoenix by Friedrich Justin Bertuch, 1806. Source: Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EHerodotus had mentioned an intriguing fact about the Phoenix which has not been properly understood or explored. He wrote that the Phoenix carries the body of its parent, encased in myrrh, to the “Temple of the Sun” in Heliopolis and buries it there. There is a well-known story behind it.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E“When the solitary Phoenix felt itself near death, which occurred every 500 to 1000 years, it built a nest of aromatic wood, and set it on fire. The flames consumed the Phoenix and a new (or renewed) Phoenix sprang up from the pyre. The new Phoenix embalmed the ashes of the prior Phoenix in an egg of fragrant myrrh, and then flew to Heliopolis, the City of the Sun. There, it left the egg on the sun god’s altar.”[16]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003ENone of this, obviously, makes any sense in the context of a terrestrial bird. But if Heliopolis, the “City of the Sun” - which was known as the “House of Ra” during the Old Kingdom - refers to the sun itself, then the meaning of this passage can be unraveled. What this story could be telling us is that, the Phoenix is a \"sungrazing comet\", which loses a part of its mass due to fragmentation, when it swerves round the sun during its perihelion passage. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003ESungrazing comets are a special class of comets that come very close to the sun (within 850,000 miles) at their nearest approach (i.e. perihelion), such that they undergo fragmentation and lose a part of their mass. Most sungrazing comets belong to the cometary group known as the “Kreutz sungrazers”, which are the fragments of the comet of 371 BCE, which fractured into several pieces on the 326 CE perihelion passage, and then further fractured into thousands of pieces on the 1106 CE perihelion passage. Some of the other sungrazing cometary groups are the Meyer group, Kracht group and the Marsden group.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe accounts of the Phoenix preserved in the Egyptian texts and recorded by the Greco-Roman writers suggests that the Phoenix is a colorful, periodic, sungrazing comet that suffers fragmentation during its perihelion passage around the sun, and some of the largest fragments plunge onto the solar surface and get buried there. This information was encoded in the form of a story in which the Phoenix deposited the ashes of its parent in Heliopolis.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgQLoKKTmMRwqFX2Q6iXlYxXeuW6CzdZBE5bJKJeu7X-HmjUeNctOuPEy3L1Jn8LeGn_dLsPZ_5Z5eBmiqK5VEPRAYPNkZwD8Q3Xnnqn_W8nATSmx5UcfS2c2VJFrw-i11EagfPBMCzqaIXKhJJ9FI9_uINSd1sVOzASEwYvEIg1ZOs6UlD5MO_-TjtnNU\/s1400\/Phoenix%20small.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"933\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgQLoKKTmMRwqFX2Q6iXlYxXeuW6CzdZBE5bJKJeu7X-HmjUeNctOuPEy3L1Jn8LeGn_dLsPZ_5Z5eBmiqK5VEPRAYPNkZwD8Q3Xnnqn_W8nATSmx5UcfS2c2VJFrw-i11EagfPBMCzqaIXKhJJ9FI9_uINSd1sVOzASEwYvEIg1ZOs6UlD5MO_-TjtnNU\/w640-h426\/Phoenix%20small.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe Phoenix could not have been a mortal bird by any stretch of the imagination for it was said to have an immeasurably long lifespan, and had witnessed the passing of many Ages of Man. Claudian writes, \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“Thou (Phoenix) hast beheld all that has been, hast witnessed the passing of the ages. Thou knowest when it was that the waves of the sea rose and o'erflowed the rocks, what year it was that Phaethon’s error devoted to the flames. Yet did no destruction overwhelm thee; sole survivor thou livest to see the earth subdued.”[17]\u003C\/blockquote\u003EThere was a widely held view in the Greco-Roman world that the appearance of the Phoenix heralds a new Age of Man. Pliny tells us that, according to the senator Manilius, the Phoenix appeared at the end of each Great Year [18] (which corresponds to one-half of the complete Yuga Cycle i.e. 12,900 years). Since we are living in an era when the descending Yuga Cycle is about to end, the return of the Phoenix could be imminent. Egyptologist R.T. Rundle Clark wrote, \u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“As the herald of each new dispensation, it (Phoenix) becomes, optimistically, the harbinger of good tidings…We are told that ‘the watchers tremble’ with joy when they behold it (Phoenix) coming, with the assurance that creation is still active and the world is not yet to be reabsorbed into the Abyss.”[19]\u003C\/blockquote\u003EThe “watchers” are the semi-divine beings who are believed to watch over humanity. The fact that even they erupt in joy at the sight of the Phoenix reveals the extraordinary nature of this comet which returns at the end of a Yuga and acts as a herald of a new era. Although the Phoenix brings great destruction and upheavals, it is ultimately a “harbinger of good tidings”, for it restores peace and health, joy and prosperity.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EHerodotus may have carried the legend of the Phoenix to Greece, but the Greco-Romans had their own version of the Phoenix called Aetos Dios or Aquila. An exploration of the legends and symbols associated with Aetos Dios and Aquila provides more insights into the nature of this periodic comet.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EAetos Dios and Aquila\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIn Greece, the Eagle of Zeus was called Aetos Dios. It carried the thunderbolts of Zeus for striking down his opponents. To the Romans, the Eagle of Zeus was known as Aquila (meaning “eagle” in Latin). The Aquila holding the lightning of Jupiter was the standard of the Roman legions, and was a herald of victory. A legionary known as an aquilifer, the “eagle-bearer”, carried this standard. The Roman military went to great lengths to protect a standard, and in case it was lost during a battle, they spared no effort to recover it.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIn addition to being an imperial symbol, the Aquila was also used as a funerary emblem, indicating a belief that the Aquila carried the souls of the deceased to heaven.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhdaah2aMG1j5s4uQKlNNNqAMhmocqvDdhBCpU7MXdm4Qb-cODPAFuN4jYh-aN9jOnT-pRetCgdh1Ou1qCsxrnxyRn77XzRgO2R3A-HdP9w9_NbnnN49mm-cklabB3kja1NX7QyHxZIg3ndDzYsx5MSIVvBfcBiS0yqoaaT4PiJpXDE6PnysZumKEBIEsk\/s1400\/60%20Zeus%20and%20Aetos%20Dios%20the%20Eagle%20of%20Zeus.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"716\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"205\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhdaah2aMG1j5s4uQKlNNNqAMhmocqvDdhBCpU7MXdm4Qb-cODPAFuN4jYh-aN9jOnT-pRetCgdh1Ou1qCsxrnxyRn77XzRgO2R3A-HdP9w9_NbnnN49mm-cklabB3kja1NX7QyHxZIg3ndDzYsx5MSIVvBfcBiS0yqoaaT4PiJpXDE6PnysZumKEBIEsk\/w400-h205\/60%20Zeus%20and%20Aetos%20Dios%20the%20Eagle%20of%20Zeus.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure\n 6: Ancient Greek sculpture of a reclining Zeus, attended by Aetos Dios \nclasping the thunderbolt of Zeus. Source: Adobe Stock.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjZqR62G0-p_wpbFm-7aly4E7SQgDgOxLP3tXuiBTXwyXuR7qkKA6WMfC-lFwt5fctKnftoq3F-6_AfXFR02b49bVEXjy3vZmc1dKNV5sxjKwLwn14TdNxGvsDRd5_e2m578goDpR_CRMb1XWRkidZEnaC3JYtmYOhqgYqSWP6HNu2LOcSFIpaj-HSMU4g\/s1200\/Eagle%20of%20Zeus%20standing%20on%20a%20thunderbolt.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"613\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"204\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjZqR62G0-p_wpbFm-7aly4E7SQgDgOxLP3tXuiBTXwyXuR7qkKA6WMfC-lFwt5fctKnftoq3F-6_AfXFR02b49bVEXjy3vZmc1dKNV5sxjKwLwn14TdNxGvsDRd5_e2m578goDpR_CRMb1XWRkidZEnaC3JYtmYOhqgYqSWP6HNu2LOcSFIpaj-HSMU4g\/w400-h204\/Eagle%20of%20Zeus%20standing%20on%20a%20thunderbolt.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure 7: Ptolemaic silver coin with the Eagle of Zeus standing on a thunderbolt. Source: Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgiVf_ic2SQ8gIaa9MXoETxUT0UMJNcjDi_OOLztixKtq4bUMc6qU8wX2ou_Lxnw-mqmTDd6fHJiLwqUCTkJKybhP6WZ9BkfDZrR8wV6dbM1zQGDk27xVygB9P3YpR754WhaS057d5H9GaoIzHsv9G7cUwM2z__xOeoCoUPJbmN5BIArhTK97tF_TvYe4g\/s724\/Aquila%20standard%20edit%20Wikimedia%20Commons%20CC%20BY%20SA%204.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"724\" data-original-width=\"600\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgiVf_ic2SQ8gIaa9MXoETxUT0UMJNcjDi_OOLztixKtq4bUMc6qU8wX2ou_Lxnw-mqmTDd6fHJiLwqUCTkJKybhP6WZ9BkfDZrR8wV6dbM1zQGDk27xVygB9P3YpR754WhaS057d5H9GaoIzHsv9G7cUwM2z__xOeoCoUPJbmN5BIArhTK97tF_TvYe4g\/s320\/Aquila%20standard%20edit%20Wikimedia%20Commons%20CC%20BY%20SA%204.jpg\" width=\"265\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure\n 8: The Praetorians Relief depicting Roman soldiers along with a \nstandard bearer, who holds an aquila standard, with the eagle grasping a\n thunderbolt in its talon. Marble relief, c.51-52 CE, Louvre. Source: \nChristophe Jacquand CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EAccording\n to Aeschylus, when Zeus had threatened to strike the house of Amphion \nwith lightning, he had declared that he would burn it up “by means of \neagles bearing fire”.[20] Apparently, Zeus controlled a multitude of \neagles that could strike his opponents with thunderbolts.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIt all sounds very cryptic and puzzling, until we realize that the “eagles bearing fire” are actually comets, and the “thunderbolts” which the eagles release are the fiery debris of an Earth-approaching comet, which can cause large-scale devastation.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIt is a known fact that the gravity of Jupiter exerts a strong influence on the orbits of comets. Whenever a Kuiper belt or Oort cloud comet comes near Jupiter, it is either sent into a short-period orbit in the inner solar system, or is ejected out of the solar system. This is why the vast majority of short-period comets have their aphelion (i.e. farthest point from the sun) near the orbit of Jupiter. Of the nearly 586 known short-period comets, 511 have their aphelion near Jupiter's orbit. These comets are collectively known as Jupiter-family comets.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThis means, the “eagles bearing fire” that Zeus-Jupiter sends against his enemies, are nothing but Jupiter-family comets! It is quite astonishing that the ancient Greeks seem to have been well-aware of the role played by the planet Jupiter in regulating the periodic appearance of comets, although astronomers have discovered this only in the last few decades. The Eagle of Zeus or Aetos Dios, is, therefore, likely to be a Jupiter-family comet.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjHtN7kzjaiTeyeb7PIhcIZT9rMLH_zVFH82kk-xYjSehAhaZYXFnTrT4PK_X_HfFDSXiEtfAIsgdth9QgzZRRSTP-Z0JEBCGkQdsqnV_zXvaeojj0IExoJKiWqUFK1xoAy4FC0AshpgRNzq8x8vUWWsYAgiCJ9WjiBrNltCg1yCX1UOxPq6iNMaQDBKWo\/s1063\/Jupiter%20family%20comets%20Bibhu.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"893\" data-original-width=\"1063\" height=\"336\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjHtN7kzjaiTeyeb7PIhcIZT9rMLH_zVFH82kk-xYjSehAhaZYXFnTrT4PK_X_HfFDSXiEtfAIsgdth9QgzZRRSTP-Z0JEBCGkQdsqnV_zXvaeojj0IExoJKiWqUFK1xoAy4FC0AshpgRNzq8x8vUWWsYAgiCJ9WjiBrNltCg1yCX1UOxPq6iNMaQDBKWo\/w400-h336\/Jupiter%20family%20comets%20Bibhu.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure 9: Jupiter-family comets have their aphelion near the orbit of Jupiter. Credit: Bibhu Dev Misra\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EJupiter-family comets are all short-period comets having orbital periods of less than 200 years. But the Phoenix is supposed to return after 500 years or at the end of a Great Year of 12,900 years duration. How do we reconcile this contradiction? \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EWhat probably happens is that, this giant comet, after being active for some time, enters into a dormant state over long periods of time, when it remains hidden from view. Thus, it appears as a long-period comet even though it is a short-period, Jupiter-family comet. It is known that many comets alternate between a dormant and an active state. For instance, the centaurs are a class of small bodies which revolve around the Sun in slightly elliptical orbits, between the outer planets. Many centaurs – such as Chiron and 29P - occasionally outburst and develop a comet-like coma, which is why they have been classified both as asteroids and comets. In other words, centaurs are comets which become dormant from time to time.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe legend of the Phoenix dying, and a new Phoenix re-emerging from its ashes, was probably\u0026nbsp; based on the propensity of the comet to alternate between a dormant and an active state. When it became dormant, the old Phoenix was believed to die. When it became reactivated as a massive, dazzling, bird-like comet with many tails, it appeared to be reborn from the ashes of its parent.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EAnother form, in which the Aetos Dios or Aquila had became popular in Europe during the medieval age, is the “Double-headed Eagle”, which still appears on the flags and the coat of arms of many nations.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe Double-Headed Eagle\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe earliest known instance of the double-headed eagle symbol dates to the Hittite period (c.1600 BCE – 1200 BCE). It was carved on the Sphinx Gate at the Hittite settlement at Alaca Hoyuk in Turkey. After a gap of more than 2000 years, the double-headed eagle motif reappeared in Europe between the 10th -13th centuries CE, when it started being used by the Byzantine Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, Serbia and Russia. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgwRgFivhbL7kn6NbwUMDksNZxG6-RinidCca1asDGI-2pUZafHjnhYOGP0nAft8_qDNjnIrpo_n5pZXRNBYcPAfDngVazLhOUMhK11au_Vb2NRKPbYc2jKBymRuv4dsEaR4ta593fd-fAOFR8K40PtrODNMZLcR-FZ9vtsfvbIdTAMTAuvDXEohiEhYhs\/s1400\/61%20Double%20headed%20eagle%20Hittite%20Russia.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"624\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"286\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgwRgFivhbL7kn6NbwUMDksNZxG6-RinidCca1asDGI-2pUZafHjnhYOGP0nAft8_qDNjnIrpo_n5pZXRNBYcPAfDngVazLhOUMhK11au_Vb2NRKPbYc2jKBymRuv4dsEaR4ta593fd-fAOFR8K40PtrODNMZLcR-FZ9vtsfvbIdTAMTAuvDXEohiEhYhs\/w640-h286\/61%20Double%20headed%20eagle%20Hittite%20Russia.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure 10: Double-headed eagle symbols of the Hittites and the Russian Empire.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003ESome scholars believe that the Roman Aquila was modified into a double-headed eagle emblem, while others suspect that a lingering Hittite influence from Turkey may have played a part in the re-emergence of this symbol.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EAfter the double-headed eagle was adopted as the imperial symbol of the Byzantine Empire, its use became widespread, particularly on the coat of arms of many nations.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIn India, a double-headed eagle called Gandaberunda – having long tail feathers like that of a peacock - was used as the insignia of the Kingdom of Mysore in the 15th century CE. Like the single-headed eagle, the double-headed eagle was an imperial symbol that represented the divine authority of the king, insurmountable strength and martial prowess.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EBut why was imperial eagle symbol depicted with two heads? The enigma can be resolved when we take into consideration that the imperial eagle symbolizes a comet.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003ERecent scientific discoveries have revealed that many cometary nucleus are bi-lobed. In 2014, the Rosetta mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) found that the nucleus of Comet 67P has a bi-lobed structure i.e. it has two large lobes, connected by a narrow neck.[21] As per a press release by the ESA, Comet 67P has “a duck-like appearance”[22], since one of the lobes slightly was bigger than the other. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi0Ie8J86JVvRMVWQ0t5jqudVzFJC_Eb8VXJXYlGl_Cf8yp8sY2nDrA0lV-emlJ-pS9_CRIH04fkpJA_TRLPW1O2RDhQ5h5UD_ePo1oHcDhhc9hJtBgd_S7oHuLag0cDkh6FNwht4hbQaC0K2MNp4gXCwmq5MycZJ72KEY__KO_I8IOuVZn0vhrCiqIKF4\/s900\/62%20Comet%2067P%20Churyumov%20Gerasimenko%20on_3_August_2014%20ESA.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"675\" data-original-width=\"900\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi0Ie8J86JVvRMVWQ0t5jqudVzFJC_Eb8VXJXYlGl_Cf8yp8sY2nDrA0lV-emlJ-pS9_CRIH04fkpJA_TRLPW1O2RDhQ5h5UD_ePo1oHcDhhc9hJtBgd_S7oHuLag0cDkh6FNwht4hbQaC0K2MNp4gXCwmq5MycZJ72KEY__KO_I8IOuVZn0vhrCiqIKF4\/w400-h300\/62%20Comet%2067P%20Churyumov%20Gerasimenko%20on_3_August_2014%20ESA.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFigure 11: Comet 67P\/Churyumov-Gerasimenko images by Rosetta’s camera on 3 August, 2014. Credit: ESA, Public Domain Image.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E In fact, of the seven comets astronomers have seen at high resolution till now, five are bi-lobed. It is quite possible, therefore, that the “bird comet” venerated by the ancient cultures also has a bi-lobed nucleus i.e. its nucleus consists of two lobes joined by a narrow neck.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThis would explain why it was represented as a double-headed eagle. Apparently, our ancestors had a very detailed knowledge of the structure of this comet which returns periodically to reset civilization.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EConclusion\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThis review of the legends and characterestics of the Phoenix and the Benu Bird, as well as the related symbols in the Mediterranean region such as the Aetos Dios \/ Aquila and the Double-headed Eagle, indicates quite clearly that the Phoenix was not a terrestrial bird by any stretch of the imagination. Its description matches those of a periodic comet that returns to the Earth towards the end of every World Age or Yuga, and acts as a herald of a new way of life. \u003Cbr \/\u003EEven though it causes great destruction, it was regarded as a symbol of “good tidings” for it restored health and prosperity.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EA great deal of specific information about this comet can be gleaned from the ancient legends and texts, once we become aware of its true nature:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIt is an enormous, colourful, many-tailed comet that resembles the golden pheasant bird with its many colourful tails.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIt periodically strikes the Earth with burning pieces of rocks, which the ancients called the “thunderbolts” of the gods.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe comet seeded the Earth with water and life - as posited by the “cometary panspermia” doctrine - and initiated the cycles of creation.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIt is a sungrazing comet that suffers fragmentation during its perihelion passage around the Sun, and some of the large fragments plunge onto the solar surface.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIt is a Jupiter-family comet, with its aphelion near the orbit of Jupiter, since the comet was controlled by Zeus \/ Jupiter. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EIt periodically enters into a dormant state and becomes active after at the end of 500 years or a Great Year of approximately 12,900 years duration.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe nucleus of the comet has a bi-lobed structure i.e. it has two large lobes connected by a narrow neck, which gives the appearance of a double-headed bird.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThe cometary nature of the bird-deity is obvious from the descriptions in the ancient texts and legends. Indeed, nothing other than a comet would tally with these imageries!\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EThis just goes to show that specific scientific details can be extracted from the ancient texts, once we view them in the proper perspective, instead of simply dismissing them as myths and fantasies – as so many mainstream historians and archaeologists are inclined to do.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EI had proposed in an earlier article that the Kali Yuga, which is the present age of discord and strife, greed and deceit, will end in 2025, followed by a long period of transition.[23] This means we getting close to the time when this comet will return and we shall confront a reality that has long been forgotten and relegated to the realm of myths. It may not be very long before the brilliant bird of light illuminates the skies and emits its call of “life and destiny”, which heralds the dawn of a new era.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReferences\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[1] Dayle L. Brown, Skylore from Planet Earth: Stories from Around the World, AuthorHouse, 30-Jan-2015.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[2] Kronk, G. W. Cometography: A Catalog of Comets, I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 410\u003Cbr \/\u003E[3] Kronk, G. W. Cometography: A Catalog of Comets, I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 411.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[4] Chandra Wickramasinghe, “Bacterial morphologies supporting cometary panspermia: A reappraisal”, International Journal of Astrobiology, 2011, Vol.10, No.1, pp. 25-30. \u003Cbr \/\u003E[5] Gerda Horneck et al, “Protection of bacterial spores in space, a contribution to the discussion on panspermia”, Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere, 2001, Vol.31, No.6, pp. 527–547. \u003Cbr \/\u003E[6] R.T. Rundle Clark, Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt, op. cit., p. 246\u003Cbr \/\u003E[7] Ibid, p. 84.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[8] Ibid, p. 246.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[9] Ibid, p. 247.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[10] Ibid, p. 246.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[11] “Phoenix”, The Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, Vol. 18, 1885.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[12] Herodotus, The Histories 2.73.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[13] Pliny, Natural History 10.2.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[14] Pliny, Natural History, Volume III: Books 8-11, tr. by Harris Rackham, Harvard University Press, 1940, pp. 292–294.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[15] Claudian, The Carmina Minora 27: The Phoenix, Loeb Classical Library, 1922, p. 225, https:\/\/penelope.uchicago.edu\/Thayer\/E\/Roman\/Texts\/Claudian\/Carmina_Minora*\/27.html\u003Cbr \/\u003E[16] Josepha Sherman, Storytelling: An Encyclopedia of Mythology and Folklore, Routledge, 2015, p. 364.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[17] Claudian, The Carmina Minora 27:The Phoenix, Loeb Classical Library, 1922, p. 231, https:\/\/penelope.uchicago.edu\/Thayer\/E\/Roman\/Texts\/Claudian\/Carmina_Minora*\/27.html\u003Cbr \/\u003E[18] Pliny, Natural History 10.2.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[19] R.T. Rundle Clark, Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt, op. cit., pp. 246-247.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[20] Niobe quoted in Aristophanes, Birds, pp. 1247-48.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[21] Ana V. Aceves, “Comets Break Up and Make Up”, Sky \u0026amp; Telescope, 13 June 2016, https:\/\/skyandtelescope.org\/astronomy-news\/comets-break-up-and-make-up\/\u003Cbr \/\u003E[22] “Rosetta arrives at comet destination”, European Space Agency, 6 August 2014, https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Science_Exploration\/Space_Science\/Rosetta\/Rosetta_arrives_at_comet_destination\u003Cbr \/\u003E[23] Bibhu Dev Misra, “The end of the Kali Yuga in 2025: Unraveling the mysteries of the Yuga Cycle”, Ancient Inquiries, July 15, 2012 , https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2012\/07\/end-of-kali-yuga-in-2025-unraveling.html\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/5821816365079786586\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2022\/08\/the-phoenix-is-it-bird-or-sungrazing_2.html#comment-form","title":"2 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/5821816365079786586"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/5821816365079786586"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2022\/08\/the-phoenix-is-it-bird-or-sungrazing_2.html","title":"The Phoenix: Is it a Bird or a Many-tailed, Sungrazing, Jupiter Family Comet?"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjOTQrKHY4Sw-3_wqBRDGQJcnBj5Z5mftnUKDp-yJX0v1Ie1bqjo8YcR57Rp2QzpHVxOQZtYjUbz4wbb4H8Ty1ke7NGTtrxSd1H5aQdvuThxaoImcEVD0TQCBOfvtd0pwraqnC1bclKc3ewu-HHRd-2wskzpZjlItjafbJfU2s24Ba_ZdtLrmO2_E6ZKnk\/s72-c\/Phoenix%20thumbnail.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"2"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-7516772406299654441"},"published":{"$t":"2018-04-18T10:44:00.001+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-11-11T10:58:02.152+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Earth Mysteries"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Featured"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Comet Impact in the Indian Ocean that may have submerged Dwaraka"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ENote: This article has been published in the \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.newdawnmagazine.com\/product\/new-dawn-169\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ENew Dawn Magazine, Issue 169\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjpLmdJVuptTKIugcef14Bpj4Xnt47hbZgJtQH1_dvekRKhoNqhcvbhf8QEti5CHjEgGRZK4xM4h48hG8liaKjTGRCsPNHt-7-uyDAyv_VWEyamAvFzOUlNKHR8Fc6bz9G5lET4TdUWiaZ-\/s1600\/Burckle+Crater+3+small.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"408\" data-original-width=\"640\" height=\"204\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjpLmdJVuptTKIugcef14Bpj4Xnt47hbZgJtQH1_dvekRKhoNqhcvbhf8QEti5CHjEgGRZK4xM4h48hG8liaKjTGRCsPNHt-7-uyDAyv_VWEyamAvFzOUlNKHR8Fc6bz9G5lET4TdUWiaZ-\/s320\/Burckle+Crater+3+small.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;\"\u003EDwaraka: The Golden City of Krishna\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe fabled city of \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EDwaraka\u003C\/i\u003E(Dwaravati) was established by the brother-deities Krishna and Balarama on the\nwestern coast of India, towards the close of the Dwapara Yuga.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EDwaraka had been built at the site of an ancient city called\n\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EKusasthali\u003C\/i\u003E, which was established by\nKing Revata (a grandson of Manu). Kusasthali was the capital of the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EAnarta\u003C\/i\u003E kingdom, roughly corresponding to\nthe state of northern Gujarat. The city had been flooded by the sea, and\nremained unoccupied for some time.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EWhen Krishna and Balarama left Mathura and arrived at\nKusasthali, they reclaimed 12 Yojanas (96 Sq. kms.) of land from the sea, and built\nDwaraka. In the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EMahabharata, \u003C\/i\u003EKrishna\ntells Yudisthira:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;“There is a delightful town towards\nthe west called Kusasthali, adorned by the mountains of \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ERaivata\u003C\/i\u003E. In that city, O monarch, we took up our abode. We rebuilt\nits fort and made it so strong that it has become impregnable even to the Gods…Thus,\nO king, though possessed of strength and energy, yet from the oppressions of\nJarasandha we have been obliged to repair to the mountains of Gomanta,\nmeasuring three Yojanas (1 Yojana = 8 kms) in length. Within each yojana have\nbeen established one and twenty posts of armed men. And at intervals of each yojana\nare \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ehundred gates with arches \u003C\/i\u003Ewhich\nare defended by valorous heroes engaged in guarding them.”\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn1;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[1]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIt is because of the large number of gates which guarded the\napproach to Dwaraka that the city had been so named, for the term Dwaraka means\nthe “gated city” or the “city with many gates”. The city was also called \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ESuvarana Dwaraka\u003C\/i\u003E (Golden Dwaraka)\nbecause of its many tall buildings covered in gold, and opulent palaces studded\nwith precious gems.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe ancient texts describe Dwaraka as a heavily fortified\ncity having four main entrance gates, with wide roads, public squares, lakes\nand gardens. Since the city was built on the sea coast on reclaimed land, it\nwas referred to as \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EVaridurga\u003C\/i\u003E i.e.\n“fort in water”.\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn2;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[2]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;\"\u003EThe Sinking of Dwaraka\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe Mahabharata relates that 35 years after the Bharata War,\nall the Yadava clans of Dwaraka were killed in a fratricidal war. Krishna,\nthen, decided to retreat to the forest for performing meditation. Before that,\nhe sent a message to Arjuna, asking him to proceed to Dwaraka, and escort the\nwomen and children to safety to Indraprastha. He also left a prophecy:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“This city of Dwaravati, after\nArjuna’s departure, will, with its walls and edifices, be swallowed up by the\nocean without any delay.”\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn3;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[3]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EAfter Arjuna arrived at Dwaraka, he addressed the cheerless\ncitizens and told them,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“I shall take away with me the\nremnants of the Vrishnis and the Andhakas.\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003E\nThe sea will soon engulf this city\u003C\/i\u003E. Equip all your cars and place on them\nall your wealth. This Vajra (the grandson of Krishna) will be your king at\nShakraprastha (Indraprastha). \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EOn the\nseventh day from this, at sunrise, we shall set out\u003C\/i\u003E. Make your preparations\nwithout delay.”\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn4;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[4]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EAfter all the residents of Dwaraka had set out on the\nseventh day, they looked back and saw the waters of the sea swirling through\nthe streets of Dwaraka and submerging the entire city. The sinking of Dwaraka\nhappened exactly the way it had been foretold!\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe underwater ruins of Dwaraka have not yet been located. Onshore\nand offshore explorations near the present-day city of \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EDwarka\u003C\/i\u003E (at the tip of the Kathiawar peninsula) carried out by archaeologist\nS.R. Rao of the NIO (National Institute of Oceanography) have yielded the\nunderwater remains of a Late Harappan port, with outer protective walls,\ngateways, rectangular enclosures, and remnants of a stone jetty, dating to\naround 1500 BCE.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh1U7fLWM7qtCqou6y2XI0f73UH5zDh9IJOgxZh5IGX7RnJ0N02gwUJluJsEcjv1AdYp8UK1oJBq7vVoE4P-G_jV9NwF0fQm4NTwTm1OT1Da86Hvxk-fO0yw1MzfThkOLbtYhOFlnxQlJFt\/s1600\/Map_Gujarat_state_and_districts.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Map of Gujarat state, showing the city of Dwarka at the tip of the Kathiawar peninsula\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"566\" data-original-width=\"800\" height=\"451\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh1U7fLWM7qtCqou6y2XI0f73UH5zDh9IJOgxZh5IGX7RnJ0N02gwUJluJsEcjv1AdYp8UK1oJBq7vVoE4P-G_jV9NwF0fQm4NTwTm1OT1Da86Hvxk-fO0yw1MzfThkOLbtYhOFlnxQlJFt\/s640\/Map_Gujarat_state_and_districts.jpg\" title=\"\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFig 1: Map of Gujarat state, showing the city of Dwarka at the tip of the Kathiawar peninsula. Source: india.wikia.com\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EOffshore explorations carried out along the eroded shoreline\nof the nearby island of \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EBet Dwarka\u003C\/i\u003E\nhas also revealed the structural remains of a protohistoric port town dating to\naround 1520 BCE. In both cases, the ruins do not correspond to the opulence and\ngrandeur of Dwaraka described in the ancient texts, and the date of the ruins\nis much later than the Mahabharata epoch.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ET\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ehe\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003E exact location of\nDwaraka, therefore, still remains a mystery\u003C\/i\u003E. The purpose of the article,\nhowever, is not to speculate on its location, but to determine the nature of\nthe calamity that brought about the submergence of this fabled, golden, coastal\ncity.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;\"\u003EA Comet Impact?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIt is interesting that Krishna and Arjuna had foreknowledge\nof the precise timing of the submergence of Dwaraka. If the sinking had been\ncaused by seismic activity, volcanoes, or landslides, and subsequent tidal\nwaves, there would have been no way to know about it beforehand. However, if it\nhad been brought about by a tsunami, triggered by a deep-sea comet impact, then\nthe calamity could have been foretold. A comet is visible in the skies for many\nweeks before its arrival, and Vedic astronomers could have computed its\ntrajectory and realized that it was on collision course with the earth. This\ncould have given them several days’ notice to make necessary evacuations.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EProf. R. N. Iyengar of the Indian Institute of Science has identified a verse in the Mahabharata (Adi Parva) that refers infighting between the Yadavas near the salt sea. The verse mentions that the Yadavas were squeezed by the “Brahma-danda”\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E.\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #20124d;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn5;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[18]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: #20124d;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EProf. Iyengar points out that Brahma-danda is the name of a comet mentioned in Varahamihira’s \u003Ci\u003EBrihat Samhita\u003C\/i\u003E. The ancient sage Vrddha Garga describes the Brahma-danda as a “column-like, three-coloured and three-headed” comet\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn5;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[19]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #20124d;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn5;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/u\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThus, it is eminently possible that the Yadavas were done in by a specifically powerful comet. Were they struck by the cometary debris, or did the energies of the approaching comet drive them into a warring frenzy? The latter option seems more likely since there is a detailed account of the Yadavas fighting between themselves. Krishna, who had witnessed the event, would have seen the danger coming from the skies and immediately understood its grave implications. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EArchaeologist S.R. Rao, who had worked on the onshore and\noffshore explorations near the present-day city of Dwarka also believed that a\ntsunami may have been responsible for the sinking of Dwaraka. Talking to the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ETimes of India\u003C\/i\u003E, he had said, “We can't\nrule out the possibility of a tsunami drowning ancient Dwaraka as the town was\ninundated by some sea activity. There are shlokas which talk of the suddenness\nof the incident and the gravity of the calamity”.\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn5;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[5]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIf a tsunami triggered by an oceanic comet impact was the\ncause of submergence, what would be its approximate date?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EHere, I will refer to my earlier article on the Yuga Cycle,\ntitled, “\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2012\/07\/end-of-kali-yuga-in-2025-unraveling.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EThe End of the Kali Yuga in 2025: Unraveling the Mysteries of the YugaCycle\u003C\/a\u003E”\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn6;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[6]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E,\nwhere I had proposed that the Yuga Cycle was of 12,000 years’ duration, comprised\nof four Yugas of equal duration of 3000-years each, which was tracked using the\nSaptarshi Calendar of ancient India, with its 2,700-year cycle (called Saptarshi\nYuga), along with a 300-year period of transition between the Yugas.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EA complete Yuga Cycle takes 24,000 years, and is comprised\nof an ascending cycle of 12,000 years when virtue gradually increases and a\ndescending cycle of another 12,000 years, in which virtue gradually decreases.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EOne of the recorded starting dates of the Saptarshi Calendar\nis 6676 BCE, which, I had argued, was the beginning of the Dwapara Yuga in the\ndescending cycle. Using this as the anchor date, and the Saptarshi Calendar as\nthe basis of computation, the entire Yuga Cycle gets unraveled, and, points to\nthe date 2025 as the end of the Kali Yuga.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjZemjZW6i92vD6lLmQeaB40_pkkzLGzgogHw3_tKy7lSBSNRZk_G1AxbMqWpQxg276EPYsvkyEVd__p1_sCe2fU7-eeJ9ml3uk1iYBqkojf2czT5gQTrGZKegPhTFxPF7TXOGTM363cYhw\/s1600\/Yuga+timelines+2.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The Yuga Cycle Timeline\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"321\" data-original-width=\"641\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjZemjZW6i92vD6lLmQeaB40_pkkzLGzgogHw3_tKy7lSBSNRZk_G1AxbMqWpQxg276EPYsvkyEVd__p1_sCe2fU7-eeJ9ml3uk1iYBqkojf2czT5gQTrGZKegPhTFxPF7TXOGTM363cYhw\/s640\/Yuga+timelines+2.jpg\" title=\"\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFig 2: The Yuga Cycle Timeline as per the Saptarshi Calendar\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe merit of this Yuga Cycle model is that the transitional\nperiods between the Yugas are strongly correlated with the recurrent\ncatastrophes (Sanskrit: \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Epralaya\u003C\/i\u003E) that\nimpact our planet, and bring about a total or near-total collapse of\ncivilizations. In every case, a new phase of civilization emerges after the\nperiod of devastation. The periods of transition are also correlated with a\nnumber of important dates recorded in ancient calendars and scriptures.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe Yuga Cycle model indicates that the 300-year period of\ntransition between the Dwapara and Kali Yuga extended from 3976 BCE – 3676 BCE.\nAs per the archaeological and geological records, this was a time of great\nupheavals and changes in the course of human civilization.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn Egypt, the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ENeolithic\nSubpluvial\u003C\/i\u003E, or the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EHolocene Wet Phase\n\u003C\/i\u003E- an extended period of wet and rainy conditions in the climate history of\nNorthern Africa - ended in 3900 BCE. This initiated the most recent\ndesertification of the Sahara, and the arid conditions have continued to the\npresent day. The \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EGerzean Culture\u003C\/i\u003E\nwhich emerged in Egypt in c.3500 BCE laid the foundations of Dynastic Egypt.\nThey started farming along the Nile which produced the vast majority of food,\nbuilt their cities with mud-bricks instead of reeds, and established the first\ntombs in classic Egyptian style.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EUbaid Period\u003C\/i\u003E\nof Mesopotamia came to an abrupt end in c.3800 BCE, accompanied by a catastrophic\nepisode of flooding of the city of Ur near the Persian Gulf. In Eastern Arabia,\nthe end of the Ubaid Period was followed by increased aridity (probably due to\nthe 5.9 kiloyear event), and there was no human presence in the area for nearly\n1,000 years - the so-called “Dark Millennium”. The period saw the development\nof the proto-Sumerian form of writing and the possible origin of the proto-Semitic\nlanguage (c.3750 BCE). In Syria, mass graves at Tell Brak, dating from c. 3800\nto 3600 BCE, have been unearthed, suggesting advanced warfare around this\nperiod.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn the Indus Valley, the period between 4000 – 3500 BCE was\na transitional phase between the Pre-Harappan culture and the Early Harappan\nsettlements. A number of archaeologists (G. Possehl, B.B.Lal) believe that the\nGhaggar-Hakra River (\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EVedic Saraswati\u003C\/i\u003E)\nbegan to dry up at around 3800 BCE and ceased to be a perennial river. This dovetails\nwith the information in the Mahabharata which states that Balarama had\nundertaken a pilgrimage along the River Saraswati when the Bharata War was in\nprogress, and in some places he found the river disappearing underground, only\nto re-emerge at a different place.\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn7;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[7]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\n\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EIt must have been during this\ntransitional epoch, therefore, that the Bharata War was fought, followed by the\nsinking of Dwaraka\u003C\/i\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EInterestingly, the research carried out by a group of scientists\nsuggests that fragments of a comet may have struck the Indian Ocean during this\nperiod and triggered a cataclysmic mega-tsunami with far-reaching consequences.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;\"\u003EA Mega-Tsunami in the Indian Ocean\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EHolocene Impact\nWorking group\u003C\/i\u003E is a group of six scientists who hypothesize that oceanic\ncomet impacts during the middle-to-late Holocene are more common than what current\nscientific consensus suggest, and that these impacts have profoundly affected\nthe earth’s natural systems, climate and human societies.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe scientists, led by Dallas Abbot, of Columbia\nUniversity's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades, New York, have\nidentified the 29-km \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EBurckle Crater\u003C\/i\u003E, located\nabout 1500 km southeast of Madagascar and 12,500 feet below sea-level, which\ndates to within 6000 years (i.e. after 4000 BCE) as the signature of an impact\nevent that took place in the Indian Ocean.\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn8;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[8]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nThe impact triggered a mega-tsunami with 200 m high waves that created the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Echevron dunes\u003C\/i\u003E found along the coast of\nsouthern Madagascar and Western Australia.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjozk-8IV6NoGXA93T63S70lqKNZXhzfl59amgAXeUd7HWnPuuGQfaQRMm_8ZebDxzNfff1w6kPJg-9VpjebPDMwryxxPH4hS0okcfuY-4WgmxCLU_XJAtSPf9-QEPhNklwcF63SvL-1Pzl\/s1600\/Burckle+Crater+3.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The Burckle Crater in the Indian Ocean (31˚ S, 61˚ E) is the most likely source for the chevron dunes of Southern Madagascar and Western Australia, as well as the sinking of Dwaraka and the flooding of Ur.\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"645\" data-original-width=\"1013\" height=\"403\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjozk-8IV6NoGXA93T63S70lqKNZXhzfl59amgAXeUd7HWnPuuGQfaQRMm_8ZebDxzNfff1w6kPJg-9VpjebPDMwryxxPH4hS0okcfuY-4WgmxCLU_XJAtSPf9-QEPhNklwcF63SvL-1Pzl\/s640\/Burckle+Crater+3.jpg\" title=\"\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFig 3: The Burckle Crater in the Indian Ocean (31˚ S, 61˚ E) is the most likely source for the chevron dunes of Southern Madagascar and Western Australia, as well as the sinking of Dwaraka and the flooding of Ur. Source: Google Maps\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe impact had been initially dated by Dr. Bruce Masse to 2807 BCE \u003Ci\u003Eon the basis of interpretations of flood legends and other historical clues\u003C\/i\u003E. According to scientists Steven Goodman and William Jungers, “No measured date is available on when the crater formed, but it has been proposed to be about 6000 years BP (Before Present).”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn9;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[9]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe scientists investigated the massive chevron dunes\nlocated along the southern coast of Madagascar. The largest of these dunes rise\nup to about 600 feet above sea level and are nearly 40 kilometers long. Directly\ninland from the dunes, there is evidence of massive transport of sediments,\nreferred to as \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Etsunami run-ups\u003C\/i\u003E, which\nreach nearly 50 km inland.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EPreviously, it was assumed that the dunes were formed by\nwind, but Abbot and her colleagues believe that the matter in these dunes were\ncarried in by an ancient mega-tsunami. The chevron dunes are not oriented in\nthe direction of the prevailing wind, but to the path of refracted mega-tsunami\noriginating from the Burckle crater candidate area.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe dunes contain marine shells mixed with sand, \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ealong with large carbonate rocks 50 cm in\ndiameter\u003C\/i\u003E, which cannot be carried by winds.\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn9;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[10]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nThe dunes also contain an abundance of intact microscopic marine fossils. “If\nthese fossils were blown inland by the wind, one might expect them to get\nbroken to pieces as they bounce off the surface,” Abbott said. “However, if\nthey were transported by the water, one might expect them to remain whole. We\nsee whole intact microfossils, for the most part.”\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn10;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[11]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEik6-YQhhCYoJhEJrPvwtpU9N69deaLM_eAUBT-ABH21Uk4bD1yv7Adozy9FB125WLbsJRuppZJqQSKdqMWKlTiX8-tbjFEEbZ9Q1OjF5i-rinduNXZ8EYesXXXS3EJ4Kbp4ChUDoVei7BM\/s1600\/Chevrons+of+Southern+Madagascar.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The chevron dunes on the coast of Southern Madagascar\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"645\" data-original-width=\"1181\" height=\"347\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEik6-YQhhCYoJhEJrPvwtpU9N69deaLM_eAUBT-ABH21Uk4bD1yv7Adozy9FB125WLbsJRuppZJqQSKdqMWKlTiX8-tbjFEEbZ9Q1OjF5i-rinduNXZ8EYesXXXS3EJ4Kbp4ChUDoVei7BM\/s640\/Chevrons+of+Southern+Madagascar.jpg\" title=\"\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFig 4: The chevron dunes on the coast of Southern Madagascar. Source: Google Maps\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EMoreover, the sediments in the chevrons are composed of deep\nocean microfossils and \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Eimpact spherules\u003C\/i\u003E\n(formed when small droplets of molten and vaporized rock in the plume condense),\nto which are adhered particles of iron, nickel and chromium. These elements are\ncommon in chondritic meteors but rare in the earth’s crust.\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn11;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[12]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe Holocene Impact Working Group has assembled data on\nchevrons worldwide, and they believe that \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Emost\nchevrons are best explained as the result of tsunami generated from large\nimpact cratering events. \u003C\/i\u003EAbbot says, “In western Australia, you see\ncarbonate-rich sands that go up to 492 feet above sea level and 7 kilometers\ninland. Those sites could be contemporaneous with the Madagascar event,\nalthough we don't have enough data to say that yet.”\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn12;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[13]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EScientific analysis of the chevrons along the coastlines of\nWestern Australia (published in the journal \u003Ci\u003EScience of Tsunami Hazards\u003C\/i\u003E), has\nrevealed that many chevron dunes are not aligned to the prevailing wind\ndirections. Chevrons continue from the coastline to heights of more than 120 m,\neven in a rocky environment without sandy sources. The forming forces have been\nstrong enough to reach several kilometers inland, as well as high up on steep\nslopes.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjcdVB41lDgD7olg9ahuNiGvZQPak3jJvP9S5DYqUst_gggWOVEEzcr3hhIRVKpdBTbR7MHq1NPmOU6MJDNK1Pxa9bYc1quOTa6DAZlOWVTxh4DP5QEmSfdRGU4z1S15qLbVd83Gu_gnCOW\/s1600\/Chevrons+of+Western+Australia.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The chevron dunes on the coast of Western Australia\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"641\" data-original-width=\"1023\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjcdVB41lDgD7olg9ahuNiGvZQPak3jJvP9S5DYqUst_gggWOVEEzcr3hhIRVKpdBTbR7MHq1NPmOU6MJDNK1Pxa9bYc1quOTa6DAZlOWVTxh4DP5QEmSfdRGU4z1S15qLbVd83Gu_gnCOW\/s640\/Chevrons+of+Western+Australia.jpg\" title=\"\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EFig 5: The chevron dunes on the coast of Western Australia. Source: Google Maps\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn some regions, at least two generations of Holocene\nchevrons can be detected. \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EThere are\nevidences that the coasts of Western Australia have been affected by extremely\nstrong tsunami in the past\u003C\/i\u003E. They have transported sand, shell, and cobble\nup to 30 km inland, and up 130 m in height, and have decorated several places\nalong the coastline with large boulder fields.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe scientists in the study have concluded that, “\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Eall chevron patterns of Australia can be\nexplained by one or two extreme tsunami\u003C\/i\u003E.” The chevron dunes of Western\nAustralia, in particular, can be explained by \u003Ci\u003Ea tsunami source near the latitude of Perth\u003C\/i\u003E. This\nis the same latitude as that of the Buckle crater (31˚ S, 61˚ E), which has been identified as the source of the Madagascar chevrons.\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn13;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[14]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EAnother study carried out by a group of scientists on the\nchevron dunes of the central-and-south-western coastlines of Australia indicates\nthe \u003Ci\u003Eage of the dunes\u003C\/i\u003E:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“Here, radiocarbon dating revealed\na minimum of two tsunami events: \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Eat\n5700\u0026nbsp;yr BP with waves depositing sandy ridges far inland\u003C\/i\u003E, and at\napproximately 1000\u0026nbsp;yr BP with waves depositing boulders originating from\nthe marine environment. As the first dates are congruent with previously\npublished results for the Learmonth region 500\u0026nbsp;km to the north, we assume\nthat \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ethe same mid-Holocene tsunami hits\nthis long coastal section as well.\u003C\/i\u003E”\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn14;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[15]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EThe radiocarbon dating of the Western Australian chevrons, therefore, gives us a specific, scientifically computed date for the impact event – c.3700 BCE\u003C\/i\u003E - which falls in the period of transition from the Dwapara Yuga to the Kali Yuga from 3976 BCE – 3676 BCE.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThis provides a strong basis to postulate that the submergence\nof the legendary city of Dwaraka could have been precipitated by the same\nimpact event, for the tsunami also reached the coast of India. In fact, the\nsinking of Dwaraka may have been due to a combination of events. Apart from the\ntsunami waves, the meteor impact could have sent shock waves across the ocean\nfloor, triggering a land subsidence. Since Dwaraka was built on land reclaimed\nfrom the sea, it must have been susceptible to subsidence.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;\"\u003EA Global Catastrophe?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe tsunami waves could have also traveled up the Persian\nGulf and brought about the catastrophic flooding of the Mesopotamian city of Ur,\nat the end of the Ubaid Period in c.3800 BCE.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EUr was a major port on the\nPersian Gulf in those days when the Persian Gulf extended much further inland than it does today. When Sir\nLeonard Woolley had carried out excavations at Ur in 1929, he had found an \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003E11 feet layer of flood deposits at Ur over\nthe remains of the prehistoric Ubaid Period\u003C\/i\u003E. However, flood stratums of the\nsame period were not found in the other Mesopotamian cities of the time. This\nindicates that the flood primarily affected the coastal city of Ur, and it is\npossible that the culprit was the Indian Ocean mega-tsunami triggered by the\nBurckle Impact Crater.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EAbbot and her colleagues have hypothesized that the meteor\nwhich created the Burckle Crater may have come from a disintegrating comet. In one\nof their papers, they have written:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“Thus, we infer that Burckle crater\nwas produced as part of a Shoemaker-Levy type impact of a comet. The fragmented\ncomet also produced two other large impact centers, one in the northwest\nPacific and another in the central eastern Pacific.”\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn15;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[16]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EThree oceanic impacts\nfrom the same fragmented comet!\u003C\/i\u003E Surely some fragments of the comet must\nhave crashed into the landmasses of the world. If so, it can explain the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003E5.9 kiloyear event\u003C\/i\u003E that brought the\nHolocene Wet Phase to an end sometime between 4000 - 3500 BCE, and triggered intense aridity in Northern Africa\nand Eastern Arabia. \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EDid\u003C\/i\u003E \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Esome of the meteorites strike Africa and Asia,\nconverting huge swathes of wet grasslands into dry, barren, deserts?\u003C\/i\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe dust clouds from the impacts could have blocked out\nsunlight, and led to the collapse of the existing civilizations of the period. That\ncould be why we see a new phase of civilization emerging almost simultaneously\nat multiple places around the world - on the banks of the Nile, Tigris and the\nIndus Rivers - starting at around 3600 BCE.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThis period of monumental change overlaps with the period of\ntransition from the Dwapara Yuga (Bronze Age) to the Kali Yuga (Iron Age) in\nthe descending Yuga Cycle.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EComets seem to play an important role in the transitional\nperiods between epochs, bringing about an end to the old, decaying,\ncivilizations. Many scientists now believe that the earth was bombarded by\nmultiple fragments of a giant comet in 10,900 BCE.\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn16;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[17]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nThe force of the comet impact, combined with the fire, floods, and the vicious\ncold snap that followed, brought about the extinction of a large number of\nNorth American megafauna and the Clovis Culture. In 9703 BCE, the cold snap\nended, precipitating another global flood of mythic proportions. These\ncalamitous events took place during the transitional period between the Satya\nYuga (Golden Age) and Treta Yuga (Silver Age).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIt must have been for this reason that most ancient cultures\ndreaded comets and regarded them as the “harbingers of doom”. Both the\nSibylline Oracles and the Dead Sea Scrolls portray comets as a sign of the Last\nDays. The periodic cleansing of our planet, during the transitional periods\nbetween the Yugas, appear to be guided by cosmic factors beyond human control.\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cu\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003EEnd Notes\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/u\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[1]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nMahabharata, Sabha Parva, Book II Chapter 13.\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"mso-element: endnote-list;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv id=\"edn1\" style=\"mso-element: endnote;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[2]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nHarivamsa (Vishnu Parva 57.5)\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[3]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nMahabharata, Mausala Parva, http:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/hin\/m16\/m16006.htm\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[4]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nMahabharata, Mausala Parva, http:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/hin\/m16\/m16007.htm\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[5]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nPrashant Rupera, \"History has it. Dwarka inundated by tsunami!\" TNN,\nJan 4, 2005,\nhttps:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/ahmedabad\/History-has-it-Dwarka-inundated-by-tsunami\/articleshow\/979740.cms\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[6]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nhttp:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2012\/07\/end-of-kali-yuga-in-2025-unraveling.html\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[7]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nMahabharata 9.33 -9.35\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[8]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nAbbott, D.; Bryant, E.; Gusiakov, V.; Masse, B. \"Largest natural\ncatastrophes in Holocene and their possible connection with comet-asteroid\nimpacts on the Earth\" March 2010, http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2010avh..confE..13A\u003Cu\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: blue;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cu\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: blue;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E[9]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/u\u003E Steven M. Goodman, William L. Jungers, \"Extinct Madagascar: Picturing the Island's Past\" (University of Chicago Press, 2014)75\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[10]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nSteven M. Goodman, William L. Jungers, Extinct Madagascar: Picturing the\nIsland's Past (University of Chicago Press, 2014) 75-76\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[11]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nCharles Q. Choi, \"Monster Tsunami May Have Created Madagascar's Giant Sand\nDunes\", January 13, 2016, https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/53352-monster-tsunami-created-madagascar-dunes.html\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[12]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nSteven M. Goodman, William L. Jungers, Extinct Madagascar: Picturing the\nIsland's Past (University of Chicago Press, 2014) 75-76\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[13]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nCharles Q. Choi, \"Monster Tsunami May Have Created Madagascar's Giant Sand\nDunes\", January 13, 2016, https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/53352-monster-tsunami-created-madagascar-dunes.html\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[14]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nDieter Kelletat, Anja Scheffers, \"CHEVRON-SHAPED ACCUMULATIONS ALONG THE\nCOASTLINES OF AUSTRALIA AS POTENTIAL TSUNAMI EVIDENCES?\" Science of\nTsunami Hazards, Volume 21, Number 3, page 174 (2003)\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[15]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nScheffers, S. R., Scheffers, A., Kelletat, D. \u0026amp; Bryant, E. A. (2008). The\nHolocene paleo-tsunami history of West Australia. Earth and Planetary Science\nLetters, 270 (1-2), 137-146.\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[16]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nDallas Helen Abbott, W. Bruce Masse, Lloyd D. Burckle, Dee Lewis Breger, Perri\nGerard-Little, 2005, Burckle abyssal impact crater: Did this impact produce a\nglobal deluge?, Columbia University Academic Commons,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.7916\/D89P31F3.\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[17]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\nFirestone RB, West A, Kennett JP; et al. (October 2007). \"Evidence for an\nextraterrestrial impact 12,900 years ago that contributed to the megafaunal\nextinctions and the Younger Dryas cooling\". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.\n104 (41): 16016–21.\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[18]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003EThe Mahabharata, The Bhandarkar Institute of Oriental Research (BORI) Critical Edition (CE), verse 10022205.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?rinli=1\u0026amp;pli=1\u0026amp;blogID=6864653463177413678#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[19]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E Prof. R. N. Iyengar, \"Comets and the First Flood as per Parāshara\", GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF INDIA, V.67, MARCH 2006\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/7516772406299654441\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2018\/04\/the-comet-impact-in-indian-ocean-that.html#comment-form","title":"49 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/7516772406299654441"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/7516772406299654441"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2018\/04\/the-comet-impact-in-indian-ocean-that.html","title":"The Comet Impact in the Indian Ocean that may have submerged Dwaraka"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjpLmdJVuptTKIugcef14Bpj4Xnt47hbZgJtQH1_dvekRKhoNqhcvbhf8QEti5CHjEgGRZK4xM4h48hG8liaKjTGRCsPNHt-7-uyDAyv_VWEyamAvFzOUlNKHR8Fc6bz9G5lET4TdUWiaZ-\/s72-c\/Burckle+Crater+3+small.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"49"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-8166435788773662757"},"published":{"$t":"2012-07-15T11:39:00.007+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2025-08-02T15:31:58.206+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The end of the Kali Yuga in 2025:  Unraveling the mysteries of the Yuga Cycle"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjvsaY2dDb4C-Ojr43JyPw1QXd9oS-jHZvdVoJmJ3XdtqnM6SYk-7sQ3cbnYx-juDttZ7ZebKUPibRdYa8kTH8tfv2uCyattxoOnSX4Cmh5UqD4NqEqgwLzXDJfgm1vT-VHqXp_Q1g4o9dp9OmdLTXtVh4JY8AS5rkpOU09wrPdav2-OAy560R8udssrb8\/s1217\/Yuga%20Cycle%20schematic.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"801\" data-original-width=\"1217\" height=\"211\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjvsaY2dDb4C-Ojr43JyPw1QXd9oS-jHZvdVoJmJ3XdtqnM6SYk-7sQ3cbnYx-juDttZ7ZebKUPibRdYa8kTH8tfv2uCyattxoOnSX4Cmh5UqD4NqEqgwLzXDJfgm1vT-VHqXp_Q1g4o9dp9OmdLTXtVh4JY8AS5rkpOU09wrPdav2-OAy560R8udssrb8\/s320\/Yuga%20Cycle%20schematic.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003ENote: This article has been published on the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.grahamhancock.com\/forum\/DMisraB6.php\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGraham Hancock\u003C\/a\u003E website, \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.viewzone.com\/kali.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EViewzone\u003C\/a\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.cakravartin.com\/archives\/the-end-of-the-kali-yuga-in-2025-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-the-yuga-cycle-by-bibhu-dev-misra\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECakravartin\u003C\/a\u003E. It has been translated into German, and published in the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/nexus-magazin.de\/ausgaben\/nexus-magazin-44-dezember-januar-2013\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ENexus Magazine, vol. 44, December-January 2013\u003C\/a\u003E. An abridged version of this article has also appeared in the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/issuu.com\/sciencetosage\/docs\/august_s2s_fractals_3?mode=window\u0026amp;backgroundColor=%23222222\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EScience to Sage Magazine, August 2012 issue\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPart 1: Unraveling the Yuga Cycle Timeline\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EA number of ancient cultures believed in a Cycle of World Ages in which we gradually descend from a state of spiritual perfection and material abundance to one of ignorance and scarcity. In ancient India, this was called the Yuga Cycle. The Yuga Cycle doctrine tells us that we are now living in the Kali Yuga; the age of darkness, when moral virtue and mental capabilities reach their lowest point in the cycle. The Indian epic \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EThe Mahabharata\u003C\/i\u003E describes the Kali Yuga as the period when\u0026nbsp;the “World Soul” is Black in hue; only one quarter of virtue remains, which slowly dwindles to zero at the end of the Kali Yuga. Men turn to wickedness; disease, lethargy, anger, natural calamities, anguish and fear of scarcity dominate. Penance, sacrifices and religious observances fall into disuse. All creatures degenerate. Change passes over all things, without exception.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe Kali Yuga (Iron Age) was preceded by three others Yugas: Satya or Krita Yuga (Golden Age), Treta Yuga (Silver Age) and the Dwapara Yuga (Bronze Age). In the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EMahabharata\u003C\/i\u003E, Hanuman gave the following description of the Yuga Cycle to the Pandava prince Bhima:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\"The Krita Yuga was so named because there was but one religion, and all men were saintly: therefore they were not required to perform religious ceremonies… Men neither bought nor sold; there were no poor and no rich; there was no need to labour, because all that men required was obtained by the power of will…The Krita Yuga was without disease; there was no lessening with the years; there was no hatred, or vanity, or evil thought whatsoever; no sorrow, no fear. All mankind could attain to supreme blessedness. The universal soul was White… the identification of self with the universal soul was the whole religion of the Perfect Age. In the Treta Yuga sacrifices began, and the World Soul became Red; virtue lessened a quarter. Mankind sought truth and performed religious ceremonies; they obtained what they desired by giving and by doing. In the Dwapara Yuga the aspect of the World Soul was Yellow: religion lessened one-half. The Veda was divided into four parts, and although some had knowledge of the four Vedas, others knew but three or one. Mind lessened, Truth declined, and there came desire and diseases and calamities; because of these men had to undergo penances. It was a decadent Age by reason of the prevalence of sin.”[1]\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=8166435788773662757#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn1;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EAnd now we are living in the dark times of the Kali Yuga, when goodness and virtue has all but disappeared from the world. But when did the Kali Yuga begin? And when does it end?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003EThe Kali Yuga Start Date\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EIn spite of the elaborate theological framework which describes the characteristics of this age, the start and end dates of the Kali Yuga remain shrouded in mystery. The popularly accepted date for the beginning of the Kali Yuga is 3102 BCE, thirty-five years after the conclusion of the great battle of the Mahabharata. This is remarkably close to the proposed beginning of the current “Great Cycle” of the Mayan Long Count Calendar in 3114 BCE.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EIt is generally believed that the start date of the Kali Yuga - \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E17\/18 February, 3102 BC - \u003C\/span\u003Ewas computed on the basis of the information in the Sanskrit astronomical treatise, the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ESurya Siddhanta\u003C\/i\u003E, according to which the five “geocentric planets” (i.e. the planets visible to the naked eye) - Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn - were aligned to 0° of Aries (near the star \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ezeta Piscium\u003C\/i\u003E) at the beginning of the Kali Yuga. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003EHowever, modern astronomical calculations have revealed that, on 18 February, 3102 BCE, the five geocentric planets occupied an arc of roughly 41° in the sky. The longitudes of the planets, calculated using P.V. Neugebauer's Chronological Tables, show that Saturn's distance from Jupiter was 41°. \u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThis cannot be considered as a conjunction by any means. Far more spectacular \"alignment\" of planets has occurred in the preceding and succeeding centuries.\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EMost importantly, the Surya Siddhanta does not ever specify that such an alignment of planets took place \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Eat the beginning of the Kali Yuga\u003C\/i\u003E. On the contrary, the Surya Siddhanta explicitly states that this conjunction of planets at 0° \u0026nbsp;of Aries takes place \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Eat the end of the Golden Age\u003C\/i\u003E (Satya \/ Krita Yuga). The text states: “Now, at the end of the Golden Age (Krita Yuga), all the planets, by their mean motion – excepting however their nodes and apsides – are in conjunction in the first of Aries.”[2] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EUnfortunately, however, this simple statement was misrepresented by some of the early commentators, in their eagerness to find an astronomical rationale for the 3102 BCE date, and it has subsequently been promulgated as a fact.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe general understanding in ancient Hindu astronomy was that \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Eat the beginning of the present order of things\u003C\/i\u003E, all the planets commenced their movement together at 0° of Aries; and all the planets return to the same position in the heavens, at certain fixed intervals, resulting in a universal conjunction. As per the Surya Siddhanta, this conjunction takes place at the end of the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EGolden Age\u003C\/i\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003ESimilar information regarding the conjunction of planets is also present in the ancient Greek texts. In the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ETimaeus\u003C\/i\u003E, Plato refers to a “Perfect Year” which elapses at that moment when the sun, moon and the planets all return to the same relative position despite all their intervening reversals.[3] This idea was echoed by the 3\u003Csup\u003Erd\u003C\/sup\u003E century Roman writer Censorinus, who said that the orbits of the sun, moon and the five wandering planets complete one “Great Year of Heraclitus”, when they are brought back together at the same time to the same sign where once they were.[4]\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThis “Great Year” which is known by various other names – “Perfect Year”, “Platonic Year”, “Supreme Year of Aristotle” etc. - was variously represented as being of 12,954 years (Cicero) or 10,800 years (Heraclitus) duration.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThere can be no doubt that the 3102 BCE date for the beginning of the Kali Yuga was not based on any information in the Surya Siddhanta or any other astronomical text. The date virtually pops out of nowhere. It is sometimes claimed that the date can be derived from a statement made by the noted astronomer Aryabhatta in the Sanskrit text \u003Ci\u003EAryabhatiya, \u003C\/i\u003Ewhere he writes that:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E“When sixty times sixty years (i.e. 3600 years) and three quarter Yugas had elapsed, twenty-three years had then passed since by birth.”\u003C\/span\u003E[5]\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThis means that Aryabhatta had composed the text when he was 23 years old and 3600 years of the current Yuga had elapsed. The problem here is that we do not know when Aryabhatta was born, or when he composed the Aryabhatiya. He does not even mention the Kali Yuga by name, and simply states that 3600 years of the Yuga had elapsed.\u0026nbsp; Scholars generally assume that the Kali Yuga had started in 3102 BCE, and then use this statement to justify that the Aryabhatiya was composed in 499 CE. \u003Ci\u003EHowever, we cannot use the reverse logic i.e. we cannot say that the Kali Yuga must have started in 3102 BCE\u003C\/i\u003E since the Aryabhatiya was composed in 499 CE, for we do not know when Aryabhatta lived or completed his work.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAnother source is the Aihole inscription of Pulakesin II of Badami, which was incised on the expiry of 3735 years after the Bharata war and 556 years of the Saka kings. If we take the beginning of the Saka Era as 78 CE, then the Bharata War took place in 3102 BCE, and the Kali Yuga, which started 35 years after the Bharata War, began on 3067 BCE. But we must remember that there is an Old Saka Era as well, whose beginning date is disputed, and for which various dates have been proposed by scholars ranging from 83 BCE – 383 BCE.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E[6] If the Aihole inscription refers to the Old Saka Era, then the Kali Era starts a few hundred years before 3102 BCE.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EThe truth is that, there is no text or inscription which gives us an unambiguous date for the beginning of the Kali Yuga.\u003C\/i\u003E There is no astronomical basis for the start date, nor do we have any evidence that Aryabhatta or any other astronomer had calculated the date. Before the 6th century CE, the date does not figure in any Sanskrit text or inscription. It could have been invented by later-day astronomers or adopted from some other calendar. The vagueness surrounding the origin of this very important chronological marker makes its validity highly suspect.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003EThe Yuga Cycle Duration\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe task of figuring out this date from the ancient Sanskrit texts, however, is fraught with difficulties, since a number of inaccuracies have crept into the Yuga Cycle information contained within them. In many Sanskrit texts the 12,000 year duration of the Yuga Cycle was artificially inflated to an abnormally high value of 4,320,000 years by introducing a multiplication factor of “360”, which was represented as the number of “human years” which constitutes a “divine year”. The renowned Sanskrit scholar and nationalist leader of India, B.G.Tilak had mentioned in his book, \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EThe Arctic Home in the Vedas \u003C\/i\u003E(1903), that:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“The writers of the Puranas, many of which appear to have been written during the first few centuries of the Christian, era, were naturally unwilling to believe that the Kali Yuga had passed away...An attempt was, therefore, made to extend the duration of the Kali Yuga by converting 1000 (or 1200) ordinary human years thereof into as many divine years, a single divine year, or a year of the gods, being equal to 360 human years…this solution of the difficulty was universally adopted, and a Kali of 1200 ordinary years was at once changed, by this ingenious artifice, into a magnificent cycle of as many divine, or 360 × 1200 = 432,000 ordinary years.”[7]\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=8166435788773662757#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn5;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EHowever, certain important Sanskrit texts such as the \u003Ci\u003EMahabharata\u003C\/i\u003E [8]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E and the \u003Ci\u003ELaws of Manu\u003C\/i\u003E [9]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E, which scholars believe were composed earlier than the Puranas, still retain the original value of the Yuga Cycle as 12,000 years. The Mahabharata explicitly mentions that the Yuga Cycle duration is based on the days and nights of human beings. The Zoroastrians also believed in a Cycle of the Ages of 12,000 years’ duration. The Great Year or Perfect Year of the Greeks was variously represented as being of 12,954 years (Cicero) or 10,800 years (Heraclitus) duration. Surely, the Yuga Cycle cannot be of different durations for different cultures. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn the book \u003Ci\u003EThe Holy Science (1894)\u003C\/i\u003E, Sri Yukteswar clarified\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003E \u003C\/i\u003Ethat a complete Yuga Cycle takes 24,000 years, and is comprised of an ascending cycle of 12,000 years when virtue gradually increases and a descending cycle of another 12,000 years, in which virtue gradually decreases. Hence, after we complete a 12,000 year descending cycle from Satya Yuga -\u0026gt; Kali Yuga, the sequence reverses itself, and an ascending cycle of 12,000 years begins which goes from Kali Yuga -\u0026gt; Satya Yuga. Yukteswar states that,\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“Each of these periods of 12,000 years brings a complete change, both externally in the material world, and internally in the intellectual or electric world, and is called one of the Daiva Yugas or Electric Couple.”[10] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EIn this complete Yuga Cycle of 24,000 years duration, there are two back-to-back Kali Yugas – a descending Kali Yuga and an ascending Kali Yuga - as well as two back-to-back Satya Yugas.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhIv9dplqS836d8ip52BSspUseXXpnUcRiSY43ZN101bT4AzsEu_hFOB-0Fz4DOGowtXght8nS-UH8l9u1BFOyGhw4v95Cok97MMAvA2VtYlbvIM_kYwiqhz0jcb7YPqDxZaOWLYF9pnRlRNXucqgDofFrIDd54sM0dFaYqDOWNnc6KeZjrBXf-Yp0Oih0\/s1217\/Yuga%20Cycle%20schematic.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"801\" data-original-width=\"1217\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhIv9dplqS836d8ip52BSspUseXXpnUcRiSY43ZN101bT4AzsEu_hFOB-0Fz4DOGowtXght8nS-UH8l9u1BFOyGhw4v95Cok97MMAvA2VtYlbvIM_kYwiqhz0jcb7YPqDxZaOWLYF9pnRlRNXucqgDofFrIDd54sM0dFaYqDOWNnc6KeZjrBXf-Yp0Oih0\/w400-h264\/Yuga%20Cycle%20schematic.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003EFigure\n 1: An ascending and descending Yuga Cycle of 12000 years constitute the\n 24000-year complete Yuga Cycle, as postulated by Sri Yukteswar. Credit:\n Bibhu Dev Misra.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe 24,000 year duration of the complete Yuga Cycle closely approximates the Precessional Year of 25,765 years, which is the time taken by the sun to “precess” i.e. move backwards, through the 12 zodiac constellations. Interestingly, the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ESurya Siddhanta\u003C\/i\u003E specifies a value of 54 arc seconds per year for precession, as against the current value of 50.29 arc seconds per year. This translates into a Precessional Year of exactly 24,000 years! This raises the possibility that the current observed value of precession may simply be a temporary deviation from the mean.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe concept of an ascending and descending cycle of Yugas is not a proposition that Sri Yukteswar alone believed in. This idea is still prevalent among the Jains of India, who are one of the oldest religious sects of the country. The Jains believe that a complete Time Cycle (\u003Ci\u003EKalachakra\u003C\/i\u003E) has a progressive and a regressive half.\u0026nbsp; During the progressive half of the cycle (\u003Ci\u003EUtsarpini\u003C\/i\u003E), there is a gradual increase in knowledge, happiness, health, ethics, and spirituality, while during the regressive half of the cycle (\u003Ci\u003EAvasarpini\u003C\/i\u003E) there is a gradual reduction in these qualities. Each half cycle is comprised of six smaller periods, and together these two half cycles constitute a complete Time Cycle. These two half cycles follow each other in an unbroken succession for eternity, just like the cycles of day and night or the waxing and waning of the moon.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe ancient Greeks also appear to have believed in an ascending and descending Cycle of the Ages. The Greek poet Hesiod (c. 750 BC – 650 BCE) had given an account of the World Ages in the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EWorks and Days\u003C\/i\u003E, in which he had inserted a fifth age called the “Age of Heroes”, between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age. In \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EHesiod’s Cosmos\u003C\/i\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"addmd\"\u003EJenny Strauss Clay writes:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"addmd\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"addmd\"\u003E“Drawing on the myth in Plato’s \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EStatesman\u003C\/i\u003E, Vernant also claimed that the temporal framework of Hesiodic myth, that is, the succession of races, is not linear but cyclical; at the end of the age of iron, which he divides into two, the cycle of races starts again with a new golden age or, more likely, a new age of heroes, as the sequence reverses itself…Vernant himself offers a solution when he remarks that ‘there is not in reality one age of iron but two types of human existence.’ ”\u003C\/span\u003E[11]\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=8166435788773662757#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn7;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThis is very interesting. Jean-Pierre Vernant, who is a highly acclaimed specialist in ancient Greek culture, clearly believes that the Cycle of the Ages reverses itself as per Hesiod’s account. Not only that, he states that the Iron Age has two parts, which corresponds exactly to Yukteswar’s interpretation in which the descending Kali Yuga is followed by the ascending Kali Yuga. We can surmise, in this context, that the “Age of Heroes”, which immediately followed the Bronze Age in Hesiod’s account, must be the name ascribed by Hesiod to the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Edescending Kali Yuga\u003C\/i\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe evidence from different sources supports the notion of a complete Yuga Cycle of 24,000 years, comprised of an ascending and descending cycle of 12,000 years each. This brings us to the question of the relative durations of the different Yugas in the Yuga Cycle, and the transitional periods, which occur at the beginning and end of each Yuga, and are known as \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ESandhya\u003C\/i\u003E (dawn) and \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ESandhyansa\u003C\/i\u003E (twilight) respectively. \u0026nbsp;The following values are provided in the Sanskrit texts for the duration of the Yugas and their respective dawns and twilights.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-indent: -0.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E·\u003Cspan style=\"-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003ESatya Yuga (Golden Age)\u003C\/b\u003E: 4000 years + 400 years dawn + 400 years twilight = \u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003E4800 years\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-indent: -0.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E·\u003Cspan style=\"-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003ETreta Yuga (Silver Age):\u003C\/b\u003E 3000 years + 300 years dawn + 300 years twilight = \u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003E3600 years\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-indent: -0.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E·\u003Cspan style=\"-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003EDwapara Yuga (Bronze Age)\u003C\/b\u003E: 2000 years + 200 years dawn + 200 years twilight = \u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003E2400 years\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-indent: -0.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E·\u003Cspan style=\"-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003EKali Yuga (Iron Age)\u003C\/b\u003E: 1000 years + 100 years dawn + 100 years twilight = \u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003E1200 years\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003ESince so many inaccuracies have crept into the Yuga Cycle doctrine, as pointed out by Yukteswar and Tilak, we also need to question the accuracy of the relative durations of the Yugas mentioned in the Sanskrit texts.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003EYugas of Equal Length\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EAlthough the Yuga Cycle is mentioned in the ancient accounts of around thirty ancient cultures, as described by \u003Cspan color=\"windowtext\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003EGiorgio de Santillana\u003C\/span\u003E, professor of the history of science at MIT, in the book \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003E\u003Cspan color=\"windowtext\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003EHamlet's Mill\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E (1969), we find very little information regarding the relative durations of the different ages within this cycle. This is quite surprising. Nearly all the accounts tell us that virtue and righteousness decreases as we move from the Golden Age to the subsequent ages. Some of them specifically mention that virtue decreases \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Eby a quarter\u003C\/i\u003E in every age. However, there appears to be scant mention of the durations of the ages themselves.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EIf the duration of each Yuga decreased from one Yuga to the next, shouldn’t this important point also have been mentioned in these accounts?\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EIn the few accounts where the durations of the Yuga are specified, we find that each age in the Yuga Cycle is of the same duration. \u003Ci\u003EFor instance, the Zoroastrians believe that the world lasts for 12,000 years, which is divided into four equal ages of 3,000 years each\u003C\/i\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe \u003Ci\u003ERomaka Siddhanta\u003C\/i\u003E (“Doctrine of the Romans”) was one of the five doctrines mentioned by the Indian astronomer Varahamihira (c. 6th century CE) in his treatise called Panchasidhantika. Varahamihira wrote that, in the Romaka Siddhanta, the duration of a Yuga is 2850 solar years.\u0026nbsp; This is very close to the Persian value of 3000 years. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003ETherefore, the durations of the four Yugas mentioned in the Sanskrit texts (i.e. 4800, 3600, 2400, and 1200 years) deviate from the norm. The duration of each Yuga, in this sequence, decreases by 1200 years from the previous one. This is an \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Earithmetic progression\u003C\/i\u003E which is rarely, if ever, found in natural cycles. This seemingly unnatural sequence raises the question whether the Yuga durations were deliberately altered at some point in the past, \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ein order to give the impression that the duration of each Yuga decreases in tandem with the decrease in virtue from one Yuga to the next\u003C\/i\u003E.\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EHere is the most startling fact: Two of the most famous astronomers of ancient India, Aryabhatta and Paulisa, both believed that\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003E the Yuga Cycle is comprised of Yugas of equal duration\u003C\/i\u003E! In the 11\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E century, the medieval scholar Al-Beruni had travelled across India for 13 years, questioning and conversing with learned men, reading the Sanskrit texts, observing the religious rites and customs, and had compiled a comprehensive commentary on Indian philosophy, sciences and culture. In \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EAlberuni’s India,\u003C\/i\u003E Al-Beruni mentions that the Yuga Cycle doctrine was based on the derivations of the Indian astronomer Brahmagupta, who in turn derived his knowledge from the Sanskrit \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ESmriti texts\u003C\/i\u003E. He makes an interesting statement in this regard:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E“Further, Brahmagupta says that “Aryabhatta considers the four yugas as the four equal parts of the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ecaturyuga (Yuga Cycle).\u003C\/i\u003E Thus he differs from the doctrine of the book \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ESmriti\u003C\/i\u003E, just mentioned, and he who differs from us is an opponent”.[12]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=8166435788773662757#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn8;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe fact that Aryabhatta believed the four \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EYugas\u003C\/i\u003E to be of equal duration is extremely pertinent! Al-Beruni reasserts this in no uncertain terms: “Therefore, according to Aryabhatta, the Kali Yuga has 3000 divya years….each two yugas has 6000 divya years…each three years has 9000 divya years.” Why would Aryabhatta subscribe to such a belief? Did he have access to sources of information that are lost to us now?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003ESurprisingly, it was not only Aryabhatta, who held this point of view. Another celebrated astronomer of ancient India was Paulisa, who had apparently earned Brahmagupta’s favor by supporting the 4:3:2:1 ratio for the duration of the Yugas. According to Al-Beruni, however, “it is possible that Paulisa simply mentions this method as one among others, and that it is not that one in particular which he himself adopted.”[13] This is evident from Paulisa’s belief regarding the Caturyuga (Yuga Cycle), as documented by Al-Beruni:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“Of the current \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ecaturyuga \u003C\/i\u003E(Yuga Cycle), there have elapsed three \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Eyugas\u003C\/i\u003E i.e. according to him 3,240,000 years i.e. 9000 divya-years. The latter number represents three-fourths of the years of a \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ecaturyuga\u003C\/i\u003E.”[14] This indicates that Paulisa believed that each Yuga was of 3000 divine years’ duration. He uses the same method while presenting his calculations for the duration of a kalpa where “he (Pulisa) has not changed the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ecaturyugas\u003C\/i\u003E into exact \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Eyugas, \u003C\/i\u003Ebut simply changed them into fourth parts, and multiplied these fourth parts by the number of years of a single fourth part.”[15]\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=8166435788773662757#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn11;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThis clearly indicates that two of the most respected astronomers of ancient India, Aryabhatta and Paulisa, believed in a Yuga Cycle that comprised of 4 Yugas of equal duration of 3,000 divine-years each. However, their opinion was overshadowed by the contradictory view held by Brahmagupta. He railed against Aryabhatta and the other astronomers who held differing opinions, and even abused them. Al-Beruni says about Brahmagupta:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“He is rude enough to compare Aryabhatta to a worm which, eating the wood, by chance describes certain characters in it without understanding them and without intending to draw them. “He, however, who knows these things thoroughly, stands opposed to Aryabhatta, Srishena, and Vishnucandra like the lion against gazelles. They are not capable of letting him see their faces. ” In such offensive terms he attacks Aryabhatta and maltreats him.”[16]\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=8166435788773662757#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn12;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EWe can now understand why Brahmagupta’s opinion finally prevailed over that of the other astronomers of his time, and it certainly did not have anything to do with the inherent soundness of his logic, or the authenticity of his sources.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EIt is time for us to stop standing in opposition to Aryabhatta, Paulisa, Srishena, Vishnucandra and others like the “lion against gazelles”, and instead take cognizance of the very real possibility that the Yugas in the Yuga Cycle are of equal duration, and the 4:3:2:1 sequence of the Yugas may have been a mathematical manipulation that crept into the Yuga Cycle doctrine sometime prior to 500 CE. \u0026nbsp;It is possible that this manipulation was introduced because people were inclined to believe that the duration of a Yuga should decrease in tandem with the decrease in virtue and human longevity from one Yuga to the next. A neat formula was devised in which the total duration of the Yugas added up to 12,000 years.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EHowever, there was one problem. If the Kali Yuga is of 1,200 years duration, then it should have been completed many times over, since its proposed beginning in 3102 BCE. In order to circumvent this potentially embarrassing situation, another complexity was introduced. Each “year” of the Yuga Cycle became a “divine year” comprised of 360 human years. The Yuga Cycle became inflated to 4,320,000 years (12,000*360) and the Kali Yuga became equal to 432,000 years (1,200*360). Humanity became consigned to an interminable duration of darkness.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003EThe Saptarshi Calendar\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe original Yuga Cycle doctrine appears to have been very simple: \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EA Yuga Cycle duration of 12,000 years, with each Yuga lasting for 3,000 years.\u003C\/i\u003E This cycle is encoded in the “Saptarshi Calendar” which has been used in India for thousands of years. It was used extensively during the Maurya period in the 4\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E century BCE, and is still in use in some parts of India. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe term “Saptarshi” refers to the “Seven Rishis” or the “Seven Sages” representing the seven brightest stars of the Great Bear constellation (Ursa Major). In Vedic astronomy, these seven stars are collectively called Saptarshi Mandala, while in Western astronomy they are known as the Big Dipper asterism. They are regarded as the enlightened rishis who appear at the beginning of every Yuga to spread the laws of civilization.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe Saptarshi Calendar used in India had a cycle of 2,700 years; it is said that the Seven Sages spend 100 years in each of the 27 “nakshatras” (lunar asterisms) which adds up to a cycle of 2,700 years. The 2,700 year cycle was also referred to as a “Saptarsi Era” or a “Saptarsi Yuga”. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjwOPMS8lTfPqW7x2AOHicT2tGrXJ4RJidg2zMjhJGUc9QVVCVRIJcovBUXctvHDGrRW2aV8fGQBTTYqiwMG4Cg1UFrDnG9YySqCz8b3uUI-DCjL5n4nMzPhfxh9yrvZj7XZzefaLj55muYyPfLF2I6FbJUIQaQWG6cp5hyphenhyphenAjLLyfJpdEFzXR9b-fd2a60\/s913\/18%20Ursa_Major_and_Polaris.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"913\" data-original-width=\"900\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjwOPMS8lTfPqW7x2AOHicT2tGrXJ4RJidg2zMjhJGUc9QVVCVRIJcovBUXctvHDGrRW2aV8fGQBTTYqiwMG4Cg1UFrDnG9YySqCz8b3uUI-DCjL5n4nMzPhfxh9yrvZj7XZzefaLj55muYyPfLF2I6FbJUIQaQWG6cp5hyphenhyphenAjLLyfJpdEFzXR9b-fd2a60\/w394-h400\/18%20Ursa_Major_and_Polaris.jpg\" width=\"394\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003EFigure 2: The Great Bear or Ursa Major constellation. The seven bright stars are identified with the Seven Sages. A straight line drawn through Merak and Dubhe passes close to Polaris, the pole star. Credit: Sanu N, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EIf the 2,700-year cycle of the Saptarshi Calendar represents the actual duration of a Yuga, then the remaining 300 years out of the total Yuga duration of 3,000 years (representing 1\/10\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E of the Yuga duration), automatically represents the “transitional period”, before the qualities of the subsequent Yuga are fully manifested. In accordance with the current convention, this intervening period can be broken up into two separate periods of 150 years each, one occurring at the beginning of the Yuga, known as \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ESandhya\u003C\/i\u003E (i.e. dawn), and the other at its termination, known as \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ESandhyansa\u003C\/i\u003E (i.e. twilight).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe total duration of the Yuga Cycle, \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Eexcluding the transitional periods\u003C\/i\u003E, is equal to (2700*4) i.e. 10,800 years, which is same as the duration of the “Great Year of Heraclitus” in the Hellenic tradition! This clearly indicates that the underlying basis of the Cycle of the World Ages in both India and Greece was the 2700 year Saptarshi Cycle.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EIt is agreed by historians that the Saptarshi Calendar that was in use during the Maurya period in the 4\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E century BC, started in 6676 BCE. In the book, “\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ETraditions of the Seven Rsis”\u003C\/i\u003E, Dr. J. E. Mitchiner confirms this:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“We may conclude that the older and original version of the Era of the Seven Rsis commenced with the Seven Rsis in Krttika in 6676 BC…This version was in use in northern India from at least the 4\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E century BC, as witnessed by the statements of Greek and Roman writers; it was also the version used by Vrddha Garga, at around the start of the Christian era.”[17]\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EIn fact, the recorded chronology of Indian kings goes back further than 6676 BCE as documented by the Greek and Roman historians Pliny and Arrian. Pliny states that, “From Father Liber [Roman Bacchus or Greek Dionysus] to Alexander the Great (d. 323 BC), Indians reckon 154 kings, and they reckon (the time as) 6451 years and 3 months.”[18] Arrian puts 153 kings and 6462 years between Dionysus and Sandrokottos (Chandragupta Maurya), to whose court a Greek embassy was sent in 314 BC.[19] Both indications add up to a date of roughly c.6776 BCE, which is a 100 years prior to the beginning of the Saptarshi Calendar in 6676 BCE.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EIt is obvious from the accounts of Pliny and Arrian that they must have identified a \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Especific king\u003C\/i\u003E in the Indian kings list, who corresponded to the Greek Dionysus or Roman Bacchus, and whose reign had ended at around c.6776 BCE. Who could that have been?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EAccording to the renowned scholar and Orientalist Sir William Jones, Dionysus or Bacchus was none other than the Indian monarch Rama. In his essay “\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EOn the Gods of Greece, Italy and India\u003C\/i\u003E” (1784), Sir William Jones “deems Rama to be the same as the Grecian Dionysos, who is said to have conquered India with an army of satyrs, commanded by Pan; and Rama was also a mighty conqueror, and had an army of large monkeys or satyrs, commanded by Maruty (Hanuman), son of Pavan. Rama is also found, in other points, to resemble the Indian Bacchus.”[20]\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003ESir William Jones also points out that, “\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EMeros\u003C\/i\u003E is said by the Greeks to have been a mountain of India, on which their Dionysus was born, and that \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EMeru\u003C\/i\u003E is also a mountain near the city of Naishada, or Nysa, called by the Grecian geographers Dionysopolis, and universally celebrated in the Sanskrit poems.”[21]\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhIM3lrN3lxyd2KPe7UfXrnRz7YyoVi-B0qcIxcvl9g47wBb_3GZr7lp3BYif3f0EpjYaoZ4F3d_u5Trq5HwnX_uGTUsTYpbeKVCdtwKJrJ2MxNzc3uY9G4FzxgHkVyhr3_CGAh1dp7caw6VoPFilFDrYiJ01ikinal465ilY1N3o21v9r0H5QLRE7zVFA\/s1400\/21%20Dionysus,%20Satyr%20and%20Hanuman.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"926\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"424\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhIM3lrN3lxyd2KPe7UfXrnRz7YyoVi-B0qcIxcvl9g47wBb_3GZr7lp3BYif3f0EpjYaoZ4F3d_u5Trq5HwnX_uGTUsTYpbeKVCdtwKJrJ2MxNzc3uY9G4FzxgHkVyhr3_CGAh1dp7caw6VoPFilFDrYiJ01ikinal465ilY1N3o21v9r0H5QLRE7zVFA\/w640-h424\/21%20Dionysus,%20Satyr%20and%20Hanuman.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003EFigure 3: The Dionysian “satyrs” are very similar to the “vanaras” who accompanied Rama in his war campaign against Ravana. Source: Collage of images from Wikimedia Commons\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EBoth Pliny and Arrian were aware of these associations. Pliny had placed the Dionysian satyrs “in the tropical mountains of India”, while,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E“We learn from Arrian (Hist.Ind. p 318, 321) that the worship of Bacchus, or Dionysus, was common in India and that his votaries observed a number of rites similar to those of Greece…On this account, when Alexander entered India, the natives considered the Greeks as belonging to the same family with themselves; and when the people of Nysa sent the principal person of their city to solicit their freedom of the Grecian conqueror, they conjured him by the well-known name of Dionysus, as the most effectual means of obtaining their purpose. ‘O King, the Nyssaeans entreat thee to allow them to enjoy their liberties and their laws, out of respect to Dionysus .’”[22]\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=8166435788773662757#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn19;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe identification of Dionysus with Rama provides us with fresh perspectives. According to the Indian tradition, Rama had lived towards the end of the Treta Yuga (Silver Age), and the Dwapara Yuga (Bronze Age) had started soon after his demise. This implies that the 6676 BCE date for the beginning of the Saptarshi Calendar, which is a 100 years after Dionysus i.e. Rama, indicates the beginning of the Dwapara Yuga in the descending cycle.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003EThe Yuga Cycle Timeline\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003ETaking 6676 BCE as the beginning of the Dwapara Yuga in the descending cycle, the 2700-year Saptarshi Yuga as the actual duration of a Yuga, and a 300-year period of transition between the Yugas, the entire timeline of the Yuga Cycle gets unraveled. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjFwybdotSlDkW_RHzlNk3Esaas-sG5KggPIAeza5z9KSvoPDeYZ0ilDnb-mHA1SSxF3cGRuM3iuATsPCvSpTOUpo03uCC35vxv6OhsyvlrOidcdYuQIyvgZmTjYbAWh8jSURMKjTH9aYrhAIpcDtfKhzO8z8nQ-6-7WgP5a_RpDhJiiPY0l9BKewWNMXY\/s1400\/24%20Yuga%20Cycle%20timeline%2024000%20years2.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1199\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"548\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjFwybdotSlDkW_RHzlNk3Esaas-sG5KggPIAeza5z9KSvoPDeYZ0ilDnb-mHA1SSxF3cGRuM3iuATsPCvSpTOUpo03uCC35vxv6OhsyvlrOidcdYuQIyvgZmTjYbAWh8jSURMKjTH9aYrhAIpcDtfKhzO8z8nQ-6-7WgP5a_RpDhJiiPY0l9BKewWNMXY\/w640-h548\/24%20Yuga%20Cycle%20timeline%2024000%20years2.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003EFigure 4: The Yuga Cycle timeline based on the Saptarshi Calendar\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe timeline indicates that the ascending Kali Yuga, which is the current epoch in which we are living, will end in 2025 CE. The full manifestation of the next Yuga – the ascending Dwapara – will take place in 2325 CE, after a transitional period of 300 years. The ascending Dwapara Yuga will then be followed by two more Yugas: the ascending Treta Yuga and the ascending Satya Yuga, which will complete the 12,000 year ascending cycle.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe Sanskrit text \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EBrahma-vaivarta Purana\u003C\/i\u003E describes a dialogue between Lord Krishna and the Goddess Ganges. Here, Krishna says that after 5,000 years of Kali Yuga there will be a dawn of a new Golden Age which will last for 10,000 years (Texts 49-61). This can be immediately understood in the context of the Yuga Cycle timeline described here. We are now ending the Kali Yuga, nearly 5,700 years since its beginning in 3676 BCE. And the end of the Kali Yuga will be followed by three more Yugas spanning 9,000 years, before the ascending cycle ends.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003EPart 2: The Archaeological and Historical Evidence\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003EAs per\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E the Yuga Cycle doctrine, the transitional periods between Yugas are \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ealways\u003C\/i\u003E associated with a worldwide collapse of civilizations and severe environmental catastrophes (\u003Ci\u003Epralaya\u003C\/i\u003E), which wipe out virtually every trace of any human civilization. The new civilization that emerges in the new Yuga is guided by a few survivors of the cataclysm, who carry with them the technical and spiritual knowledge of the previous epoch.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EMany ancient sources tell us of the enigmatic group of “Seven Sages” (“Saptarshi”) who are said to appear at the beginning of every Yuga and promulgate the arts of civilization. We find them in legends and sacred texts all over the world – in Mesopotamia, India, Polynesia, South America and North America. They possessed infinite wisdom and power, could travel over land and water, and took on various forms at will. The Saptarshi Calendar of ancient India appears to have been based on their periodic appearance at the beginning of every Yuga.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EAs we shall see, the transitional periods between the Yugas correlates very strongly with the severe cataclysmic events that regularly impact our planet, as reflected in the archeological records. In addition, the transitional periods are correlated with a number of important dates recorded in various ancient calendars and scriptures.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003EThe End of the Last Ice Age\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nThe first transitional period in the 12,000 year descending Yuga Cycle is the 300 year period at the end of the Golden Age from 9976 BCE – 9676 BCE. This is the time when the last Ice Age came to a sudden end in exactly 9703 BCE. Quite dramatically, in the span of a single year, the climate reverted from the glacial conditions of the Ice Age to the warm, moist, Holocene period that we live in now.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003EMany ancient legends refer to this time period. In the \u003Ci\u003ETimaeus\u003C\/i\u003E, Plato tell us that the Golden Age island-kingdom of Atlantis sank into the ocean due to violent earthquakes and floods, in a “single day and night of misfortune” in c.9600 BCE. The Zoroastrians believe that the present world was created by Ahura Mazda 9000 years before the time of Zoroaster, who lived between the 7th and 6th centuries BCE. This indicates that, as per the Persians, the world was re-created by Ahura Mazda sometime between 9700 BCE - 9600 BCE.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe flood legends of many ancient cultures tell us of a global Deluge that occurred after the end of the Golden Age. These accounts talk of enormous walls of water that submerged the entire land to the highest mountain tops, accompanied by heavy rain, fireballs from the sky, intense cold and long periods of darkness. In the Indian tradition, this flood took place at the end of the Satya Yuga (Golden Age). The survivor of this great deluge was Manu, the progenitor of mankind, who is placed at the head of the genealogy of Indian kings.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EIn recent years, a team of international team of scientists found compelling evidence that the earth was bombarded by multiple fragments of a giant comet nearly 12,900 years ago, which triggered the start of a rapid and intense cooling period called Younger Dryas, which lasted for nearly 1200 years till c.9700 BCE. The force of the comet impact, combined with the vicious cold snap that followed, brought about the extinction of a large number of North American megafauna including wooly mammoths and giant ground sloths, and ended a prehistoric civilization called the Clovis culture – the first human inhabitants of the New World.\u003C\/span\u003E[23]\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEio0QAQZF9RXlFdsqzHjHr9-be5dnfEc_WhVpmKvXcSbFrsHGQVecokh225EUWRvuSJK2WBooCqzIDyE-i2zmdmqnt1S7rhLpvDWl7yZosibywx_iVI1QW34O8HhDTGPAYC_C801XSW4-dcTnzk9ESW6zqLEKKVNlh13U9lJixwIo5EnBxQfiA3NSWz3lE\/s1180\/Temperature%20changes%20during%20late%20Pleistocene%20and%20early%20Holocene,%20Younger%20Dryas,%20based%20on%20Greenland%20ice%20core%20data,%20Wikimedia%20Commons,%20United%20States%20Geological%20Survey,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1089\" data-original-width=\"1180\" height=\"369\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEio0QAQZF9RXlFdsqzHjHr9-be5dnfEc_WhVpmKvXcSbFrsHGQVecokh225EUWRvuSJK2WBooCqzIDyE-i2zmdmqnt1S7rhLpvDWl7yZosibywx_iVI1QW34O8HhDTGPAYC_C801XSW4-dcTnzk9ESW6zqLEKKVNlh13U9lJixwIo5EnBxQfiA3NSWz3lE\/w400-h369\/Temperature%20changes%20during%20late%20Pleistocene%20and%20early%20Holocene,%20Younger%20Dryas,%20based%20on%20Greenland%20ice%20core%20data,%20Wikimedia%20Commons,%20United%20States%20Geological%20Survey,%20Public%20Domain.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003EFigure 5: Temperature changes during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene period, with the Younger Dryas period clearly marked out. Temperature graph based on Greenland ice core data. Credit: United States Geological Survey, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe Younger Dryas period ended as abruptly as it started, for reasons not fully understood. Geologists from the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) in Copenhagen studied the Greenland ice core data in 2008 and concluded that the Ice Age ended exactly in 9703 BCE [24]. In an interview with the Danish paper \u003Ci\u003EPolitiken\u003C\/i\u003E, researcher Jorgen Peder Steffensen said that, “in the transition from the ice age to our current warm, interglacial period the climate shift is so sudden that it is as if a button was pressed.”[25] In a span of a single year, temperatures increased by 10 – 15°C in many parts of the world.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIt is quite significant that the 9703 BCE date for the end of the Ice Age and the sudden climate shift falls within the 300 year transitional period at the end of the Golden Age from 9976 BCE – 9676 BCE, and as such, it provides the first important validation of the Yuga Cycle timeline identified here. As soon as the period of transition was over, civilizations began to sprout up everywhere. The megalithic culture at Gobekli Tepe, where the earliest layers have been dated to c.9600 BCE, is one such instance.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003EThe Black Sea Catastrophe\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe 300 year transitional period between the Treta Yuga (Silver Age) and the Dwapara Yuga (Bronze Age) extended from 6976 BCE – 6676 BCE and coincides with a significant environmental event: the Black Sea Catastrophe of c.6700 BCE.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe Black Sea once used to be a freshwater lake. That is, until the Mediterranean Sea, swollen to the brim with melted glacial waters, cut through the narrow land bridge at Bosporus and catastrophically flooded the Black Sea. Torrents of water had gushed through the Bosporus and plunged into the Black Sea at a rate nearly 400 times that of Niagara Falls. This raised the water levels of the Black Sea by several hundred feet, flooded more than 60,000 square miles of land, and significantly expanded the Black Sea shoreline by around 30%.[26]\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn 1998, geologists William Ryan and Walter Pitman presented the Black Sea Deluge hypothesis in their book \u003Ci\u003ENoah’s Flood: The New Discoveries About the Event That Changed History\u003C\/i\u003E.\u0026nbsp;This catastrophic flooding event unleashed an apocalyptic scenario in the region, displaced the farming communities located along the shores of the Black Sea and fundamentally changed the course of civilization in Southeastern Europe and western Anatolia.\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjrTe3UQDOvZNO_lRwpFaFOUhPZlY1UH3ren3SYb4MFDpdYRV4hlTZn-Spk3fttkGJI0rzvbyJnyYvVg_zk2-5i5gpeN5BATgsTF7BWDVI-zVAbGsV1wCYYU3YOMU73ug-AbHOQdNE6V4GLBkVEgWHinV6xn0CG5Vtnk62_OcXJiejxLuxW5cIDOcBqY_s\/s1088\/27%20Black%20Sea%20catastrophe.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1088\" data-original-width=\"1080\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjrTe3UQDOvZNO_lRwpFaFOUhPZlY1UH3ren3SYb4MFDpdYRV4hlTZn-Spk3fttkGJI0rzvbyJnyYvVg_zk2-5i5gpeN5BATgsTF7BWDVI-zVAbGsV1wCYYU3YOMU73ug-AbHOQdNE6V4GLBkVEgWHinV6xn0CG5Vtnk62_OcXJiejxLuxW5cIDOcBqY_s\/w398-h400\/27%20Black%20Sea%20catastrophe.jpg\" width=\"398\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003EFigure 6: The Black Sea catastrophe, before and after. The water from the Mediterranean (Aegean) Sea, cut through the narrow Bosporus Strait, and plunged into the Black Sea, creating a gigantic waterfall. Every day for two years, 42 cubic km of sea water cut through the narrow channel and plunged into the lake — more than 200 times the flow over Niagara Falls. Source: NASA, Public Domain Image.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nSimilar major flooding events were taking place in many parts of the world, as massive glacial lakes, swelled by the waters of the melting ice, breached their ice barriers, and rushed into the surrounding area. Sometime between 6900 BCE – 6200 BCE the Laurentide ice-sheet disintegrated in the Hudson Bay and an enormous quantity of glacial waters from the inland Lake Agassiz-Ojibway discharged into the Labrador Sea. This was the single largest North Atlantic freshwater pulse of the past 100,000 years, which raised average global sea level by up to 1.4 m (4.6 feet).[27]\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003EA number of very powerful earthquakes had rocked northern Sweden between 7000 – 6000 BCE, creating several kilometer-long “Endglacial Faults” (EGF). The longest of them is the Parvie (a Lappish word meaning, “Wave in the Ground”) fault, which, at 155 km, is the world’s longest known EGF. In some areas, Parvie resembles, “a 10m tsunami crest frozen in the rock”. It is possible that the global chain of cataclysmic events during this transitional period may have been triggered by a single underlying cause, which we are yet to find out.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Comet Impact in the Indian Ocean\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe 300-year period of transition between the Dwapara Yuga (Bronze Age) and the Kali Yuga (Iron Age) extended from 3976 BCE – 3676 BCE. The archaeological and geological records show that this was a time of massive environmental upheavals all over the world - primarily tsunamis and aridification events - which completely changed the course of human civilization. The period of transition was followed by the almost simultaneous emergence of the river-valley civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Indus Valley at around 3500 BCE.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe prehistoric Ubaid Period of Mesopotamia came to an abrupt end in c.3700 BCE, accompanied by a catastrophic flooding of the city of Ur near the Persian Gulf. After a gap of nearly 200 years, the early Protoliterate period emerged at around 3500 BCE. The African Humid Phase ended at around 3900 BCE, and by 3500 BCE sand dunes had started reclaiming the Sahara. The Gerzean Culture which emerged in Hierakonpolis, Upper Egypt, in c.3500 BCE laid the foundations for the cultural accomplishments of Dynastic Egypt.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn Eastern Arabia, the Arabian Bifacial and Ubaid period (c.4500 – 3800 BCE) was followed by the onset of extreme arid conditions. As a result, there is no evidence of human presence in the region for approximately 1,000 years, the so-called “Dark Millennium”. In Syria, mass graves at Tell Brak, dating from c. 3800 - 3600 BCE, have been unearthed, suggesting that large-scale violent conflicts occurred during this period.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe Holocene Impact Working Group, led by Dallas Abbot of Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, have identified the 29-km wide Burckle Crater, located about 1500 km southeast of Madagascar and 12,500 feet below sea-level, as the signature of an impact event that took place in the Indian Ocean. According to the scientists, the impact triggered a mega-tsunami with 200 m high waves that created the chevron dunes found along the coast of southern Madagascar and Western Australia.[28] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiayg5LBorxNEY5CzVL_XQRHqMlJQoae7zaadLnkYsVssX5eC8xiNRTfF_n0pV5sCvru1zDn6NQ7gPTtbzWHFLMq5onINTIpBDohQBXdQNH3ztycXwRVEloDOyuZV1Z0O8q-4RCztKXi4JAX1HKa1dWxyQW5y16x6Vi3jnSo-XvdvqLCO12I_1eswnGBig\/s1400\/29%20Burckle%20Crater%20book.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"891\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiayg5LBorxNEY5CzVL_XQRHqMlJQoae7zaadLnkYsVssX5eC8xiNRTfF_n0pV5sCvru1zDn6NQ7gPTtbzWHFLMq5onINTIpBDohQBXdQNH3ztycXwRVEloDOyuZV1Z0O8q-4RCztKXi4JAX1HKa1dWxyQW5y16x6Vi3jnSo-XvdvqLCO12I_1eswnGBig\/w640-h408\/29%20Burckle%20Crater%20book.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003EFigure 7: The Burckle Impact Crater in the Indian Ocean (31\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;Calibri\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;\" lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E˚\u003C\/span\u003E S, 61\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;Calibri\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;\" lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003E˚\u003C\/span\u003E\n E) is the most likely source for the chevron dunes of Southern \nMadagascar and Western Australia, and the sinking of Dwaraka and the \nflooding of Ur. Credit: Google Maps.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003EThe radiocarbon dating of the largest Western Australian chevrons gives us a specific date for the impact-generated tsunami event: 3700 BCE.[29] This date falls in the period of transition from the Dwapara Yuga to the Kali Yuga from 3976 BCE – 3676 BCE.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003EThis provides us with a strong basis to postulate that the submergence of the legendary golden city of Dwaraka, which had been built by the brother-deities Krishna and Balarama on the western coast of India, was probably due to the tsunami waves generated by the impact event at around 3700 BCE. The giant waves then, probably, traveled up the Persian Gulf and brought about the flooding of Ur.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe great battle of the Mahabharata, which is said to have taken place around 35 years prior to the submergence of Dwaraka, and can now be dated to sometime around 3735 BCE. Interestingly, the year of World Creation in the Jewish religious calendar is 3761 BCE. Thus, a number of important historical dates are lining up within close proximity around this time.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe archaeological data from the Indus Valley indicate that period from 4000 BCE to 3500 BCE was a “transitional phase” between the Pre-Harappan and the Early Harappan settlements. After this period of Yuga-transition was over in 3676 BCE, almost miraculously, we see the emergence of new civilizations everywhere. The large Bronze Age civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley appeared almost simultaneously at around 3500 BCE.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Greek Dark Ages\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003EThe Yuga Cycle timeline indicates that the 300 year period of transition between the descending and ascending Kali Yugas extended from 976 BCE – 676 BCE. This overlaps with the 400 year period from 1200 BCE to 800 BCE, known as the Greek Dark Ages, when a large number of cities across the ancient world were destroyed and burnt to the ground, never to rise again, and most of the cultural elements and religious institutions of the Bronze Age were lost forever.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EHistorians regard the Greek Dark Ages as a period of transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. Robert Drews writes that: “Within a period of forty to fifty years at the end of the thirteenth and the beginning of the twelfth century (c.1200 – 1100 BCE) almost every significant city in the eastern Mediterranean world was destroyed, many of them never to be occupied again.”[30] \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThis was one of the worst calamities in history that brought about a complete collapse of the Bronze Age civilizations throughout the Aegean, Anatolia, Cyprus, North Africa and the Levant, and plunged the entire region into a Dark Age that lasted for nearly four hundred years. In the Aegean, the palace-centered Mycenaean civilization disappeared and was forgotten until it was dug up by archaeologists in the 19th century. Almost every city between Pylos and Gaza was violently destroyed and abandoned. The powerful Hittite Empire of Anatolia, with its megalithic constructions and large, mobile, militaries vanished. The period from 1070 BCE – 664 BCE is the “Third Intermediate Period” of Egypt, when the Libyans and the Kushites claimed the throne, at a time of political turmoil, social disintegration, droughts and famine. In Southern Mesopotamia, many cities went up in flames, and the only ancient empire that survived to some extent was Assyria.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe effect of this catastrophic collapse on the people and culture of the Eastern Mediterranean was far-reaching. There was large-scale depopulation and the people lived in isolated, small settlements. Famine gripped the lands, resulting in a mass migration of people. The construction of monumental buildings ceased. The pottery had simple geometric patterns – a far cry from the intricate, figurative decoration of Mycenaean ware. Iron replaced bronze as the metal of choice for manufacturing tools and weapons. The Linear B writing of the Mycenaean period was forgotten, and the Greeks had to re-learn the alphabet from the Phoenicians in the 8th century BCE. The ancient trading networks came to a grinding halt. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiE5t93OM5eLGSFYRKwoVDhHCkTMeC7wfFGNpTsth65LXGcl1WZ24u4mt2poqLwVvMDFabr438qICfgJBtad49SQLRgX3m6DJ-WE1MRJ7SIqSjeO4L7LCNiZoPYlZsAIOQGl8kbErO2oQIgeKsiZeQ50-G8NseXTdStt1f4qdAMsRfbN6c0iodWwKkVgT8\/s1400\/31%20Late%20Bronze%20Age%20collapse%20in%20the%20Eastern%20Mediterranean.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1064\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"486\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiE5t93OM5eLGSFYRKwoVDhHCkTMeC7wfFGNpTsth65LXGcl1WZ24u4mt2poqLwVvMDFabr438qICfgJBtad49SQLRgX3m6DJ-WE1MRJ7SIqSjeO4L7LCNiZoPYlZsAIOQGl8kbErO2oQIgeKsiZeQ50-G8NseXTdStt1f4qdAMsRfbN6c0iodWwKkVgT8\/w640-h486\/31%20Late%20Bronze%20Age%20collapse%20in%20the%20Eastern%20Mediterranean.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003EFigure 8: A map of the Late Bronze Age collapse in the Eastern Mediterranean. Credit: Lommes, CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003EThe battle of Troy, and the subsequent destruction of the city of Troy, had been dated by many Greek writers to this time. Ephorus dated it to 1135 BCE, Sosibius to 1172 BCE, and Eratosthenes to 1184 BCE. In fact, the Greek philosophers generally thought of the Greek Dark Ages as a time when a “Shift in the Ages” took place from the Age of the Heroes to the Iron Age, which corresponds to the transition from the descending Kali Yuga to the ascending Kali Yuga.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EHowever, this was not just a collapse of the ancient Greek civilization; there was a worldwide collapse of civilization during this period. In India, the Late Harappan phase of the Indus Valley civilization ended at around 1000 BCE.[31] After a gap of nearly 400 years we see the emergence of the 16 Great Kingdoms (\u003Ci\u003EMahajanapadas\u003C\/i\u003E) in the Gangetic plains at around 600 BCE, marking the beginning of the Iron Age culture of India.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ECatastrophe also struck the Olmec civilization of Mesoamerica at this time. The center of Olmec culture in the early years i.e. around 1600 BCE, was at San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan. However, in c.950 BCE there was a wholesale destruction of San Lorenzo monuments. The site was abandoned at around 900 BCE, and the center of power shifted to La Venta soon afterwards. Mesoamerican scholars believe that drastic environmental changes may have been responsible for this shift in Olmec centers, with certain important rivers changing course.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EWhen the ascending Kali Yuga began in 676 BCE, much of the knowledge, traditions, and skills from the descending Kali Yuga were forgotten. Possibly in response to this grave social crisis, a number of philosophers and prophets appeared at this time, trying to re-discover the lost wisdom, and spread it amongst the ignorant masses. Among them were Buddha (623 BCE), Thales (624 BCE), Pythagoras (570 BCE), Confucius (551 BC), Zoroaster (600 BCE), and Mahavir Jain (599 BCE). But much sacred knowledge was irretrievably lost. For instance, the original Vedas were comprised of 1,180 sakhas (i.e. branches), of which only 7 or 8 sakhas (less than 1 %) are remembered now. Various errors, omissions, and interpolations also crept into the ancient texts as they were being revised and written down. The mistakes in the Yuga Cycle doctrine were some of them. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EThe Yuga Cycle timelines proposed here accurately mirrors the worldwide environmental catastrophes that accompanies the transitional periods between Yugas. Every 2,700 years our planet is impacted by a series of cataclysmic events for a period of a few hundred years, which brings about a total or near total collapse of civilizations across the world. In every case, however, civilization restarts immediately after the period of destruction.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EIn recent years, many independent historians and researchers have realized that the concept of a Yuga Cycle is a far better descriptor of ancient history, than the model of linear progress favored by mainstream historians. Egyptologist John Anthony West mentions in his article “\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EConsider the Kali Yuga”\u003C\/i\u003E that: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E“Since Egypt's Old Kingdom, up until very recently…civilization has been going down, not up; simple as that. We can follow that degenerative process physically in Egypt; it is written into the stones and it is unmistakable. The same tale is told in the mythologies and legends of virtually all other societies and civilizations the world over...Progress does not go in a straight line from primitive ancestors to smart old us with our bobblehead dolls and weapons of mass destruction; our traffic jams and our polluted seas, skies and lands. There is another, and far more realistic, way to view history. Plato talked about a cycle of Ages: Golden, Silver, Bronze and Iron (or Dark) Age; a cycle, a wave form - not a straight line. A similar understanding is reflected by virtually all other ancient accounts. The best known, and by far the most elaborately developed of these systems, is the Hindu, with its Yuga Cycle, which corresponds to the Platonic idea of four definable Ages.”[32]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003EIt is evident that the Yuga Cycle used to be tracked using the Saptarshi Calendar. It was of 12,000 years’ duration, comprised of four Yugas of equal duration of 2,700 years each, separated by transitional periods of 300 years. The complete Yuga Cycle of 24,000 years was comprised of an ascending and descending Yuga cycle, which followed each other for eternity like the cycles of day and night. For the past 2,700 years, we have been passing through the ascending Kali Yuga, and this Yuga is coming to an end in 2025.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn accordance with convention, the 300-year transitional period following 2025 can be broken into two periods of 150 years each. The first 150-year period -\u0026nbsp; the “Twilight of Kali”- is when the Kali Yuga structures may collapse due to a combination of wars, environmental catastrophes, and cosmic changes, while the second 150-year period - the “Dawn of Dwapara”- is the time when the spiritually evolved systems and philosophies of the ascending Dwapara Yuga may begin to emerge. It is likely, though, that the twin processes of collapse and emergence will progress simultaneously throughout the entire 300-year transitional period, albeit at different intensities.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe rapid degeneration of our materialistically driven society into corruption, hatred and violence on one hand, and the current upswing in extreme weather phenomena on the other, may be indicative of the fact that the effects of the transitional period are already underway. We need to be aware of these greater cycles of time that govern human civilization, and the changes that are looming in the horizon. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPS:\u003C\/b\u003E My subsequent research into the Yuga Cycle led me to the conclusion that the Yuga Cycle is of the same duration as the earth's precession cycle i.e. 25,800 years. This is the formulation I have presented in my book, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/YUGA-SHIFT-IMPENDING-PLANETARY-TRANSFORMATION\/dp\/B0CPJVYQG4\/ref=pd_ci_mcx_mh_mcx_views_0_image\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EYuga Shift\u003C\/a\u003E, and I have explained the reason for this adjustment in the article, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/03\/the-yuga-cycle-and-earths-precession.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EThe Yuga Cycle and the 25,800-year Precession Cycle of the Earth\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/03\/the-yuga-cycle-and-earths-precession.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E \u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2024\/03\/the-yuga-cycle-and-earths-precession.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003EReferences:\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"mso-element: endnote-list;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Chr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan face=\"\u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003E[1] The Mahabharata 3.148, https:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/hin\/m03\/m03148.htm\u003Cbr \/\u003E[2] Surya-Siddhanta, tr. by Rev. Ebenezer Burgess, ed. by Phanindralal Gangooly, University of Calcutta, 1935, p. 41.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[3] Plato, Timaeus, http:\/\/classics.mit.edu\/Plato\/timaeus.html\u003Cbr \/\u003E[4] Censorinus, De Die Natali 18.11.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[5] Aryabhatiya of Aryabhata, ed. by Kripa Shankar Shukla, Indian National Science Academy, 1976, p. 95, Kalakriya Section verse 10.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[6] Richard Salomon, Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages (Oxford University Press, 1998) 181.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[7] Bal Gangadhar Tilak, The Arctic Home in the Vedas, The Manager, Kesari, Poona, 1903.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[8] Mahabharata 12.231, https:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/hin\/m12\/m12b058.htm.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[9] The Laws of Manu 1.69-71, https:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/hin\/manu\/manu01.htm.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[10] Sri Yukteswar, The Holy Science, 1894, p xi.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[11] Jenny Strauss Clay, Hesiod’s Cosmos, Cambridge University Press, 2003, p 83.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[12] Alberuni’s India (AD 1030) tr. by Dr. Edward C. Sachau, London, 1910, Chapter XLII.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[13] Ibid, p 375.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[14] Ibid, p 376.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[15] Ibid, p 375.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[16] Ibid, p 376.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[17] J.E. Mitchiner, Traditions of the Seven Rishis, Motilal B, Delhi 1982, p. 163.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[18] Pliny, Natural History 6.59-60.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[19] Arrian, Indica 9.9.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[20] Encyclopaedia Londinensis, Vol 21, 1826, p 677.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[21] Sir William Jones, “On the Gods of Greece, Italy and India” (1784), Republished by J. Ghose \u0026amp; Co, Calcutta, 1876, https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/in.ernet.dli.2015.219477\/2015.219477.The-Gods_djvu.txt\u003Cbr \/\u003E[22] The Edinburgh encyclopaedia, Volume 3, 1830, p 174.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[23] \"Nanodiamond-Rich Layer across Three Continents Consistent with Major Cosmic Impact at 12,800 Cal BP\", The Journal of Geology, 2014, volume 122, p. 475–506.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[24] Jørgen Peder Steffensen, \"Determination of end of the Ice Age?\" Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, https:\/\/nbi.ku.dk\/english\/sciencexplorer\/earth_and_climate\/golden_spike\/determination_of_end_of_ice_age\/\u003Cbr \/\u003E[25] Danish Arctic research dates Ice Age, Politiken.dk, 11 Dec 2008,\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; http:\/\/politiken.dk\/newsinenglish\/article611464.ece\u003Cbr \/\u003E[26] Geologists Link Black Sea Deluge To Farming's Rise, New York Times, December 17, 1996 http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1996\/12\/17\/science\/geologists-link-black-sea-deluge-to-farming-s-rise.html?pagewanted=all\u0026amp;src=pm\u003Cbr \/\u003E[27] Garry K.C. Clarke et al, “Paleohydraulics of the last outburst flood from glacial Lake Agassiz and the 8200 BP cold event”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 2004, Vol. 23, pp. 389-407.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[28] Dallas Abbott et al, “Largest natural catastrophes in Holocene and their possible connection with comet-asteroid impacts on the Earth”, March 2010, http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2010avh..confE..13A\u003Cbr \/\u003E[29] S. R. Scheffers et al, “The Holocene paleo-tsunami history of West Australia”, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2008, Vol.270, No.1-2, pp. 137-146\u003Cbr \/\u003E[30] Robert Drews, The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C. (Princeton University Press, 1993) 4.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[31] Jim G. Shaffer, “Reurbanization: The Eastern Punjab and Beyond”, Studies in the History of Art, 1993, vol. 31, pp. 53–67.\u003Cbr \/\u003E[32] John Anthony West, Consider the Kali Yuga, March 2008, http:\/\/www.grahamhancock.com\/forum\/WestJA2.php?p=1\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"edn30\" style=\"mso-element: endnote;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/8166435788773662757\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2012\/07\/end-of-kali-yuga-in-2025-unraveling.html#comment-form","title":"310 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/8166435788773662757"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/8166435788773662757"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2012\/07\/end-of-kali-yuga-in-2025-unraveling.html","title":"The end of the Kali Yuga in 2025:  Unraveling the mysteries of the Yuga Cycle"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjvsaY2dDb4C-Ojr43JyPw1QXd9oS-jHZvdVoJmJ3XdtqnM6SYk-7sQ3cbnYx-juDttZ7ZebKUPibRdYa8kTH8tfv2uCyattxoOnSX4Cmh5UqD4NqEqgwLzXDJfgm1vT-VHqXp_Q1g4o9dp9OmdLTXtVh4JY8AS5rkpOU09wrPdav2-OAy560R8udssrb8\/s72-c\/Yuga%20Cycle%20schematic.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"310"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-6019471989735374362"},"published":{"$t":"2011-04-26T16:39:00.046+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-11-08T19:31:27.301+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Evolutionary Cycles Of Creation and Catastrophe: A Case for Intelligent Design"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ENote: This article has been published in the March' 2012 issue of the Science to Sage Magazine. Abridged versions of this article have also been published on the \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/grahamhancock.com\/dmisrab3\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGraham Hancock website\u003C\/a\u003E and the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.viewzone.com\/intelligentdesign.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EViewzone magazine\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan id=\"goog_1884725097\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan id=\"goog_1884725098\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhc-OKYBTS-It2Ls6PWGdwZ0zbEJUp8j3lTxs_K6ddEYt0oz__wxPKUu1a5k2NlegD55xd_Vs9gy2jv-tKcWDFV_9oZ8uFuOex5M9-zbhgxMGlGFAiS7vEXmtETIHauOtAHHcg78V9nzZrK\/s1600\/Evolutionary+Cycles+of+Creation+and+Dissolution1.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"749\" data-original-width=\"907\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhc-OKYBTS-It2Ls6PWGdwZ0zbEJUp8j3lTxs_K6ddEYt0oz__wxPKUu1a5k2NlegD55xd_Vs9gy2jv-tKcWDFV_9oZ8uFuOex5M9-zbhgxMGlGFAiS7vEXmtETIHauOtAHHcg78V9nzZrK\/s320\/Evolutionary+Cycles+of+Creation+and+Dissolution1.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn a previous article titled, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2011\/03\/day-and-night-of-brahma-evidence-from.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E“A Day and Night of Brahma And The Cycle of Mass Extinctions”\u003C\/a\u003E[i], I have pointed out that the ancient Sanskrit texts tell us of a 24 million year cycle of cosmic creation and dissolution, known as the “Day and Night of Brahma”. At the beginning of a “Day of Brahma” (which extends for 12 million years), life forms are brought forth from the unmanifest; and at the end of the Day of Brahma all lifeforms are extinguished. This is followed by a “Night of Brahma” which is of equal duration as the Day of Brahma, when no life forms exist. And when the Night of Brahma is over, the creative process is initiated once again.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThus, we have a cyclical 24 million year period of cosmic creation and dissolution. Amazingly enough, the same information is reflected in the fossil records, which indicate that \u003Ci\u003Eevery 26 million years there is a mass extinction of species on the earth.\u003C\/i\u003E Even the dates of the previous extinction events, projected from the information in the Sanskrit text Vishnu Purana, correlates very well with the extinction dates calculated from the fossil data. And, quite incredibly, there is an exact match with the extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs 65.5 million years ago!\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EEvolution By Catastrophe\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe 26 million year cycle of mass extinction has significant implications for evolutionary biology. As per Darwinism, the evolutionary process is gradual, and life forms evolve slowly through a process of “natural selection”. Yet, a gradual process of evolution through natural selection appears to be markedly absent in paleontological records. In addition, evolution seems to be guided by extraterrestrial factors. The presence of enhanced levels of iridium in the soil layers at the geological boundaries, as well as the discovery of impact craters on the earth that match with the extinction periodicity, have convinced scientists that the \u003Ci\u003Eextinction events have been triggered by large body impacts from outer space.\u003C\/i\u003E \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EDavid Raup, paleontologist at the University of Chicago, who along with Jack Sepkoski had identified the extinction periodicity in the fossil records, states:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“The implications of periodicity for evolutionary biology are profound. The most obvious is that the evolutionary system is not ‘alone’ in the sense that it is partially dependent upon external influences more profound than the local and regional environmental changes normally considered... With kill rates for species estimated to have been as high as 77% and 96% for the largest extinctions, the biosphere is forced through narrow bottlenecks and the recovery from these events is usually accompanied by fundamental changes in biotic composition. Without these perturbations, the general course of macroevolution could have been very different.”[ii]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EHe further states that, “the largest mass extinctions produce major restructuring of the biosphere wherein some successful groups are eliminated, allowing previously minor groups to expand and diversify…\u003Ci\u003EThere is little evidence that extinction is selective in the positive sense argued by Darwin.\u003C\/i\u003E It has generally been impossible to predict, before the fact, which species will be victims of an extinction event.”[iii]\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ERaup’s observations that the extinction or survival of a species is a “chance event”, is supported by the studies done by Macquarie University paleobiologist John Alroy. He says, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“Mass extinction fundamentally changes the dynamics. It changes the composition of the biosphere forever. You can’t simply predict the winners and losers from what groups have done before”[iv].\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe mass extinction event itself is short lived, very often below the resolving power of geologic record (\u0026lt;10,000 years), and possibly instantaneous. The term “Evolution by Catastrophe” was coined by Rampino in the “Encyclopedia of Planetary Sciences” to describe the evolutionary effect of the cyclical mass extinction events.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPunctuated Equilibrium\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EMass extinctions are not the only curious phenomenon in the fossil records which contradicts the principles of Darwinian evolution. In 1972, Harvard paleontologists Steven Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge proposed the theory of \u003Ci\u003EPunctuated Equilibrium\u003C\/i\u003E. Gould and Eldredge stated the fossil record is marked by long periods of “stasis” (extending for millions of years), during which time there is little or no evolutionary change. Most species “appear in the fossil record looking much the same as when they disappear; morphological change is usually limited and directionless.”[v] The long periods of stasis are punctuated by \u003Ci\u003Erapid, episodic periods of speciation\u003C\/i\u003E, occurring within the space of a few thousand years (a geological microsecond). \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn any local area, “a species does not arise gradually by the steady transformation of its ancestors;\u003Ci\u003E it appears all at once and fully formed\u003C\/i\u003E”[vi].\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEho3Yi2pOgj5EckntVJC95vFa6iZyl7eWqN8DgZdrleULmkhUH4TUN5WgSOh-i3rOJnU6YNJEHhIKT-ak0OKIugoidAKntqMIiMv55dkdZ_Mr0WnVpCVvxgNXNS-ZQA4wT34ArqsSdZmTwB\/s1600\/punctuated-equilibrium.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Punctuated Equilibrium\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"222\" data-original-width=\"220\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEho3Yi2pOgj5EckntVJC95vFa6iZyl7eWqN8DgZdrleULmkhUH4TUN5WgSOh-i3rOJnU6YNJEHhIKT-ak0OKIugoidAKntqMIiMv55dkdZ_Mr0WnVpCVvxgNXNS-ZQA4wT34ArqsSdZmTwB\/s400\/punctuated-equilibrium.jpg\" title=\"\" width=\"396\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 1: Punctuated Equilibrium\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFor a long time, the absence of transitional forms in the fossil records had been explained away by evolutionists as the “imperfections of the fossil record”. In their famous essay, \u003Ci\u003E“Punctuated Equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism”\u003C\/i\u003E (1972), Gould and Eldredge wrote that, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“Under the influence of phyletic gradualism, the rarity of transitional series remains as our persistent bugbear…Many breaks in the fossil record are real; they express the way in which evolution occurs, not the fragments of an imperfect record.”[vii]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EGould and Eldredge continued to stress that the absence of transitional forms in the fossil records is a reality that should be accepted by paleontologists. In the essay \u003Ci\u003E\"Evolution's Erratic Pace\"\u003C\/i\u003E (1977) Gould said: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“The extreme rarity of transitional forms in the fossil record persists as the trade secret of paleontology…Paleontologists have paid an exorbitant price for Darwin's argument. We fancy ourselves as the only true students of life's history, yet to preserve our favored account of evolution by natural selection we view our data as so bad that we never see the very process we profess to study.”[viii]\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn another paper published in the same year titled \u003Ci\u003E“The Return of Hopeful Monsters”\u003C\/i\u003E, Gould wrote: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“All paleontologists know that the fossil record contains precious little in the way of intermediate forms; transitions between major groups are characteristically abrupt.” Although a few examples of gradualism in the fossil history were proposed by others, Gould and Eldredge dismissed these claims arguing “that virtually none of the examples brought forward to refute our model can stand as support for phyletic gradualism.”[ix]\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn the essay, \u003Ci\u003E“Is a new and general theory of evolution emerging?”\u003C\/i\u003E (1980), Gould reiterated the fact that, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“The absence of fossil evidence for intermediary stages between major transitions in organic design, indeed our inability, even in our imagination, to construct functional intermediates in many cases, has been a persistent and nagging problem for gradualistic accounts of evolution.”[x]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIt is interesting to note that the absence of “missing links” in the geological records had also concerned Darwin. In the \u003Ci\u003EOrigin of Species\u003C\/i\u003E he asks, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“Why then is not every geological formation and every stratum full of such intermediate links? Geology assuredly does not reveal any such finely graduated organic chain; and this, perhaps, is the most obvious and gravest objection which can be urged against my theory.”[xi] \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EHowever, Darwin had supported his gradual theory of evolution by natural selection by claiming that intermediate fossils are not found because the geological record is imperfect: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“The geological record is extremely imperfect and this fact will to a large extent explain why we do not find interminable varieties, connecting together all the extinct and existing forms of life by the finest graduated steps. He who rejects these views on the nature of the geological record will rightly reject my whole theory. ”[xii] \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EAnd that is exactly the conclusion that has been reached by paleontologists in recent years. Eldredge and Tattersall wrote the obituary for Darwinism in the book \u003Ci\u003E“The Myths of Human Evolution”\u003C\/i\u003E (1982): \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“Darwin's prediction of rampant, albeit gradual, change affecting all lineages through time is refuted. The record is there, and the record speaks for tremendous anatomical conservatism. Change in the manner Darwin expected is just not found in the fossil record.”[xiii]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EGould and Eldredge tried to explain the lack of transitional forms by suggesting that speciation takes place so rapidly in times of environmental stress that, although transitional forms may exist, they can never be found. That is an unacceptable proposition.\u0026nbsp; For, if we say that the actual event of speciation through intermediate forms can never be detected in the fossil record, then any theory becomes simply an article of faith that can never be verified. How is that any different from creationism?\u0026nbsp; Besides, such a speculation raises uncomfortable questions for the field of genetics. \u003Ci\u003EToo much biological complexity must be built into too few generations.\u003C\/i\u003E The level of DNA change a species can undergo in a few thousand years is grossly insufficient to justify the morphological jumps found in the fossil records. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EEven when evolutionists were speculating that evolution through natural selection takes place gradually over millions of years, due to a steady accumulation of gene mutations, there were serious objections from biologists. French zoologist Pierre-Paul Grasse, the past President of the French Academie des Sciences said that mutations are merely hereditary fluctuations around a median position which do not produce any kind of evolution[xiv]. In the book \u003Ci\u003EEvolution of Living Organisms\u003C\/i\u003E he says that mutations, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\"are not complementary to one another, nor are they cumulative in successive generations toward a given direction. They modify what preexists, but they do so in disorder... As soon as some disorder, even slight, appears in an organized being, sickness, then death follows...a single plant, a single animal would require thousands and thousands of lucky, appropriate events. Thus, miracles would become the rule...There is no law against day dreaming, but science must not indulge in it.\" \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003ESince Punctuated Equilibrium requires millions of such complex gene mutations to occur within a short span of a few thousand years, the need for miracles increases exponentially. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn 1999, writing in \u003Ci\u003ENature\u003C\/i\u003E, Oxford zoologist Mark Pagel stated, while reviewing a book by Niles Eldredge: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“Paleobiologists…saw in the fossil records rapid bursts of change, new species appearing seemingly out of nowhere and then remaining unchanged for millions of years - patterns hauntingly reminiscent of creation.”[xv] \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EEvolutionary Cycles of Creation and Catastrophe\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIndeed, it is easy to see that the sudden extinction of life forms every 26 million years, brought about by large body impacts from outer space, and the equally abrupt appearance of “fully formed” new species, supports the Vedic accounts of the events that transpire in a Day and Night of Brahma. The paleotological records show that the “mass extinction events” occur during the long periods of stasis separating the abrupt “speciation events”[xvi]. This means that the mass extinction and speciation events take place alternately, like the cyclical destruction and creation events in a Day and Night of Brahma. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ERecent evidence also indicates something fascinating: \u003Ci\u003Enew life forms appear after a gap of roughly 12 million years from the mass extinction event!\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn May 2012, scientists from the China University of Geosciences and University of Bristol reported that it took nearly 10 million years before life forms started appearing after the mass extinction event that took place 250 million years ago (http:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2012-05-million-years-recover-mass-extinction.html). \u003Ci\u003EDuring this period of 10 million years following the catastrophic event, conditions on earth were too grim for life to appear\u003C\/i\u003E. The mass extinction had re-set evolution and fundamentally new, complex life forms appeared. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ENeedless to say, this finding supports the contention that life forms appear on the earth, after a gap of roughly 12 million years following the dissolution event in a Day and Night of Brahma. Since the mass extinction events occur every 26 million years, we can easily deduce that the speciation events and the mass extinction events take place alternately every 12-13 million years.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThus, the paleontological records reflect all the assertions of the ancient texts with respect to the large cycles of time known as the Day and Night of Brahma.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhZAvKKmz-0RtNaWcsbTpwSj6mtr9rw_WR_igsQwkV12IEccHLb4Qq4KF2uzXTrrilCywdIoW7OW6QGpsutfP94BDFVEolIXwFIaMzO1QLwq-XtalTogR4ymZrrcqDP9Sn50Yl4PtxVMqwX\/s1600\/Evolutionary+Cycles+of+Creation+and+Dissolution1.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The Evolutionary Cycles of Cosmic Creation and Catastrophe as reflected in the fossil records and as specified in the Vedic texts\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"749\" data-original-width=\"907\" height=\"528\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhZAvKKmz-0RtNaWcsbTpwSj6mtr9rw_WR_igsQwkV12IEccHLb4Qq4KF2uzXTrrilCywdIoW7OW6QGpsutfP94BDFVEolIXwFIaMzO1QLwq-XtalTogR4ymZrrcqDP9Sn50Yl4PtxVMqwX\/s640\/Evolutionary+Cycles+of+Creation+and+Dissolution1.jpg\" title=\"\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 2: The Evolutionary Cycles of Cosmic Creation and Catastrophe as reflected in the fossil records and as specified in the Vedic texts\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EWe find mention of similar episodic creation events in the accounts of the Mesoamericans as well. Their myths tell us that the gods Tepeu and Gucumatz decided to create a race of beings who can worship them. Huracan, the Heart of Heaven, who is the Supreme Deity, did the actual creating while Tepeu and Gucumatz guided the process. First the Earth was created. However, the gods went through many trials and errors before creating humans. First the animals were created; however, with all of their howling and squawking they did not worship their creators and were thus banished forever to the forest. Man was first created of mud, but they just crumbled and dissolved away. Man was next created of wood but he had no soul, and they soon forgot their makers, so the gods turned all of their possessions against them and brought a black resinous rain down on their heads. Finally man was formed of masa or corn dough by even more gods and their work was complete. These mythical accounts seem to describing an episodic process of creation, spanning across many Days and Nights of Brahma. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Appearance of Modern Man\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAnother interesting hypothesis that can be derived from the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution is that modern man must have also appeared in a “fully formed” fashion after one of the episodic creation events. Since the most recent creation event took place at the beginning of the current Day of Brahma, nearly 5.5 million years ago, it implies that \u003Ci\u003Emodern human beings must have been walking the earth for at least 5.5 million years. \u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ENot surprisingly, as per current evolutionary theories, humans and apes have supposedly diverged from their “common ancestor” sometime around 5.5 million years back, and the first hominids i.e. erect-walking humanlike primates, appear in the fossil record in the Pliocene period, nearly 5 million years back. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EHowever, the proposed “common ancestor” of humans and apes has never been found; and, therefore, it raises the possibility that such a common ancestor is purely hypothetical and never really existed. Proponents of evolutionary theory constantly assert that if two species have similar genetic make-up, it indicates that they must have a common ancestor. Thus, since humans and chimpanzee share 98% of their DNA, it necessarily implies that they must have evolved from a common ancestor.\u0026nbsp; Such a linear mode of thinking is quite surprising. Having worked in the Information Technology industry for more than a decade I know that if two systems share similar functions, it does not mean that they have both evolved from a common predecessor system. It simply indicates that the same code has been used; and if the systems concerned have a modular design, then it indicates a re-use of modules. Modules are essentially self-contained chunks of code that achieve a specific set of functionalities and can therefore be easily re-used across systems. In fact, in theory, an entire system can be built simply by assembling a set of modules and connecting them through their interfaces. There is no reason why such a thought process cannot be applied to the biological systems. In other words, the same genetic information may be re-used across multiple biological organisms in order to create the extraordinary diversity of organisms that we see around us, possibly with the intention of creating a self-sustaining ecosphere. There is no need for common ancestors. And just as complex information systems do not get designed by themselves, the incredible complexity of living organisms, which far surpasses anything that is man-made, suggests the presence of an intelligent force behind creation. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThere is, in fact, sufficient fossil evidence to indicate that \u003Ci\u003Ethe first hominids, which appeared around 5 million years ago, were co-existent with “fully formed” anatomically modern humans!\u003C\/i\u003E This implies that modern humans could not have \"evolved\" from these hominids. Darwinists, however, have continued to ignore the contradictory evidence and have carefully constructed a sequence of human evolution beginning with the Australopithecus, which supposedly gave rise to Homo habilis (2 million years ago), Homo erectus (1.5 million years ago), Homo sapiens (400,000 years ago) and finally modern man i.e. Homo sapiens sapiens (40,000 years ago). \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThis entire sequence is based on pure speculation, with a complete disregard for a host of highly anomalous evidences which indicate the presence of anatomically modern humans nearly 5 million years ago.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn the elaborately researched book \u003Ci\u003EForbidden Archaeology: The Hidden History of the Human Race\u003C\/i\u003E, the authors Thomson and Cremo have provided a wealth of evidence which highlights the extreme antiquity of modern man[xvii]. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn 1880, in Castenedolo, Italy, Professor Giuseppe Ragazzoni, a geologist, found fossil bones and complete skeletons of several Homo sapiens sapiens individuals in layers of Pliocene sediments 3 - 4 million years old.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEinkMXu_VXYZ0sZncTa-ROdrCOdEBlgHf8xf1pOcSMqvAl_v2kwS6HNt7iaEAwMmE1dPk0v73eP4w11_WRdMeu2q248ty_yEXoyLb7SR1nVUB30Eqgi-nwtYXmEAs5hoRsrAFwonpLAzy1w\/s1600\/Castenodolo-Modern-Skull.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Castenedolo modern skull\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"218\" data-original-width=\"267\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEinkMXu_VXYZ0sZncTa-ROdrCOdEBlgHf8xf1pOcSMqvAl_v2kwS6HNt7iaEAwMmE1dPk0v73eP4w11_WRdMeu2q248ty_yEXoyLb7SR1nVUB30Eqgi-nwtYXmEAs5hoRsrAFwonpLAzy1w\/s1600\/Castenodolo-Modern-Skull.jpg\" title=\"\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 3: Castenedolo modern skull. Source: The Anderson Institute\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003ECritics said that the bones must have been placed into the Pliocene layers fairly recently by human burial. However, the bones and skeletons that Ragazonni had found were completely enveloped and penetrated by the blue-green clay of the Pliocene strata, which showed no signs of disturbance. Ragazonni said that the bones \"were dispersed, as if scattered by the waves of the sea among the shells. The way they were situated allows one to entirely exclude later mixing or disturbance of the strata\".\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn 1883, Italian scientist Professor G. Sergi also visited the site at Castenedolo. He ruled out human burial, and was convinced that the skeletons were the remains of anatomically modern humans who lived 3 - 4 million years ago (Pliocene period of Tertiary).\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ERegarding the objections of critics, Sergi said: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\"The tendency to reject, by reason of theoretical preconceptions, any discoveries that can demonstrate a human presence in the Tertiary is, I believe, a kind of scientific prejudice...By means of a despotic scientific prejudice, call it what you will, every discovery of human remains in the Pliocene has been discredited.\"\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn 1979, researchers at the Laetoli site, Tanzania, in East Africa, discovered footprints of modern humans in volcanic ash deposits nearly 3.6 - 3.8 million years old.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EMary Leakey, who led the expedition, wrote: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\"At least 3.6 million years ago, in Pliocene times, what I believe to be man's direct ancestor, walked fully upright with a bipedal, free-striding gait...the form of his foot was exactly the same as ours.\"\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EHowever, there is no known human ancestor having footprints exactly like that of modern man, which means that the prints could have been left only by a Homo sapien. R.H. Tuttle, a physical anthropologist, stated:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\"The shapes of the prints are indistinguishable from those of striding, habitually barefoot humans...because they are so similar to those of Homo sapiens, but their early date would probably deter many palaeonthropologists from accepting this assignment. I suspect that if the prints were undated, or if they had been given younger dates, most experts would probably accept them as having been made by Homo...they are like small barefoot Homo sapiens.\"\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjo46CuPQW4XRttKmZp1_eOc-1TkNDKjVPp9pZuO1jexAFxO_m4FKHkzUPsZB2UHk7js5M9c4rvVuSD_7t30LVE-SDuCJ7P_8CgT9XEiWICDDNsJAkOVv2zn2PMOfThyphenhyphenpkxhHTgVzXqQZ7j\/s1600\/Laetoli+Footprints.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The Laetoli footprints\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"288\" data-original-width=\"470\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjo46CuPQW4XRttKmZp1_eOc-1TkNDKjVPp9pZuO1jexAFxO_m4FKHkzUPsZB2UHk7js5M9c4rvVuSD_7t30LVE-SDuCJ7P_8CgT9XEiWICDDNsJAkOVv2zn2PMOfThyphenhyphenpkxhHTgVzXqQZ7j\/s1600\/Laetoli+Footprints.jpg\" title=\"\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 4: The Laetoli footprints. Source: University of Chicago\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn 1965, Bryan Patterson and W. W. Howells found a surprisingly modern humerus (upper arm bone) at Kanapoi, Kenya. Scientists judged the humerus to be over 4 million years old. Henry M. McHenry and Robert S. Corruccini of the University of California said the Kanapoi humerus was “barely distinguishable from modern Homo.” All these anomalous discoveries have been ignored by the mainstream evolutionists because they do not conform to their proposed theoretical models. However, they certainly support the hypothesis that “fully formed” anatomically modern human beings appeared around 5.5 million years ago, at the beginning of the current Day of Brahma.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn addition to human remains, Cremo and Thompson have provided evidences of a number of crude paleoliths and advanced stone implements which have been discovered in very old soil layers, suggesting that tool-using humans or human precursors existed in the Pliocene (2-5 million years ago), the Miocene (5-25 million years ago), and even earlier. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ECrude paleoliths were found in the late nineteenth century by Carlos Ribeiro, head of the Geological Survey of Portugal in Miocene layers (5-25 million years ago) . At an international conference of archeologists and anthropologists held in Lisbon, a committee of scientists investigated one of the sites where Ribeiro had found implements. One of the scientists found a stone tool even more advanced than the better of Ribeiro's specimens. Crude paleoliths were also found in Miocene formations at Thenay, France.\u0026nbsp; S. Laing, an English science writer, noted: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\"On the whole, the evidence for these Miocene implements seems to be very conclusive, and the objections to have hardly any other ground than the reluctance to admit the great antiquity of man.\"\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn 1880, J. D. Whitney, the state geologist of California, published a lengthy review of advanced stone tools found in California gold mines. The implements, including spear points and stone mortars and pestles, were found deep in mine shafts, underneath thick, undisturbed layers of lava, in formations that geologists now say are from 9 million to over 55 million years old! W. H. Holmes of the Smithsonian Institution, one of the most vocal nineteenth- century critics of the California finds, wrote: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\"Perhaps if Professor Whitney had fully appreciated the story of human evolution as it is understood today, he would have hesitated to announce the conclusions formulated [that humans existed in very ancient times in North America], notwithstanding the imposing array of testimony with which he was confronted.\" \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EIn other words, if the facts do not agree with the favored theory, then such facts, even an imposing array of them, must be discarded!\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EEvery new discovery pushes the antiquity of man back millions of years. However, the incongruous evidences, as and when they come up, are simply filtered away as anomalies. In \u003Ci\u003EL'Anthropologie\u003C\/i\u003E, 1995, Marylène Pathou-Mathis wrote: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“M. Cremo and R. Thompson have willfully written a provocative work that raises the problem of the influence of the dominant ideas of a time period on scientific research. These ideas can compel the researchers to orient their analyses according to the conceptions that are permitted by the scientific community.”[xviii] \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003ENot surprisingly, a very similar opinion had been voiced by Stephen Gould when he had formulated his theory of punctuated equilibrium: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“I am a strong advocate of the general argument that \"truth\" as preached by scientists often turns out to be no more than prejudice inspired by prevailing social and political beliefs.”[xix] \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn the \u003Ci\u003EBritish Journal for the History of Science\u003C\/i\u003E, 1995, Tim Murray noted that, “archeology is now in a state of flux, with practitioners debating ‘issues which go to the conceptual core of the discipline.’”[xx]\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe discovery of crude paleoliths and advanced stone implements push back the date for the appearance of anatomically modern humans to the period around 55 million years ago, soon after the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. However, we should also remain open to the possibility that these stone implements may have been created by the various human precursors, which were created in the previous Days of Brahma. The Mesoamerican texts describe an episodic process of creation in which multiple “versions” of humans are created before the appearance of modern man. These artifacts could be supporting such mythical accounts.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Evolutionary Data in Ancient Texts\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIt is worthwhile, in this context, to take a fresh look at the accounts of creation in the \u003Ci\u003EGenesis\u003C\/i\u003E. As per the Genesis, creation took place in six days and six nights. However, the text specifically mentions that birds and sea-creatures were created on the fifth day while land animals and man are created on the sixth. Therefore, although the entire process of creation took six days and nights, all living creatures are created in only two days and nights.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EWe can reasonably assume that the creation account in the Genesis describes the events that took place at the beginning of one of the Days of Brahma, possibly the most recent one that began around 5.5 million years ago, since it talks about the creation of man. In this context, it is easy to see that the “day and night” mentioned here does not refer to a normal 24 hours day and night of the humans; since humans did not exist when the creative process was initiated. It is far more likely that it refers to a “day and night of the gods”.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIt is possible that a “day and night of the gods” is nothing but the complete Yuga Cycle of 24,000 years duration (i.e. the Precessional Year). In this context, the ascending half of the Precessional Year of 12,000 years can be viewed as the “day of the gods” and the descending half of the Precessional Year of another 12,000 years as the “night of the gods”. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ETherefore, the six days and nights of creation is equivalent to 144,000 years, while the two days and nights during which all life forms were created, is equal to 48,000 years. Hence, we can conclude that as per the Genesis, the reconstruction of the entire biosphere at the beginning of a Day of Brahma takes around 144,000 years, while life forms appear on the earth over a period of 48,000 years. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAnd, quite miraculously, as per the estimates created by Gould and Eldredge, the “speciation” event takes anywhere between 5000 – 50,000 years. This is roughly the same value that we obtain from the Genesis! \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EWe get further confirmation from the \u003Ci\u003ESurya Siddhanta\u003C\/i\u003E, the oldest astronomical treatise of India. It states: “One hundred times four hundred and seventy four years passed while the All-Wise was employed in creating the animate and inanimate creation, plants, stars, gods, demons and the rest.”[xxi] This indicates that the entire creative process took 47,400 years, which is surprisingly close to the value proposed by Gould and Eldredge and to the biblical estimates. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIt is evident that the data from fossil records corroborate what the ancient, sacred texts told us all along: that there are cycles of creation and destruction every 24-26 million years; that new life forms abruptly appear on the surface of the earth at the beginning of each Day of Brahma; that modern human beings must have appeared at least 5.5 million years ago; and that speciation at the beginning of a Day of Brahma takes around 48,000 years. On the other hand, none of the assertions of the standard Darwinian model of evolution are reflected in the fossil records. In the face of such enormous evidences, the claim for Intelligent Design can hardly be ignored any longer.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReferences\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[i] Bibhu Dev Misra, A Day and Night of Brahma: The Evidence from Fossil records , March 2011, http:\/\/bibhudev.blogspot.in\/2011\/03\/day-and-night-of-brahma-evidence-from.html\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[ii] Raup and Sepkoski, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol 81, pp 801-805, February 1984\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[iii] D M Raup, The role of extinction in evolution, PNAS July 19, 1994 vol. 91 no. 15 6758-6763.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[iv] J. Alroy, The Shifting Balance of Diversity Among Major Marine Animal Groups,\u0026nbsp; Science, Vol. 329 No. 5996, September 3, 2010.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[v] Gould, S.J. (1977), \"Evolution's Erratic Pace\", Natural History, vol. 86, May\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[vi] Gould, S.J. (1977), \"Evolution's Erratic Pace\", Natural History, vol. 86, May\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[vii] Gould, S. J. and Eldredge, N., Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism (1972), pp 82-115 in \"Models in paleobiology\", edited by Schopf, TJM Freeman, Cooper \u0026amp; Co, San Francisco.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[viii] Gould, S. J., 1977. Evolution’s erratic pace. Natural History, 86(5):14.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[ix] Gould, S. J. and Eldredge, N., 1977. Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. Paleobiology, 3:115–151 (pp. 115).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[x] Gould, S.J ., 1980. Is a new and general theory of evolution emerging? Paleobiology, 6:119–130 (p.127).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[xi] Origin of Species, 1859, p 280\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[xii] Origin of Species, 1859, p 342\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[xiii] Eldredge, N. and Tattersall, I. (1982), The Myths of Human Evolution, Columbia University Press, p. 48\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[xiv] Grasse, Pierre-Paul (1977), Evolution of Living Organisms, Academic Press, New York, N.Y.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[xv] Eldredge, N. and Gould, S. J., 1972. ‘Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism’, Time Frames: the Rethinking of Evolution and the Theory of Punctuated Equilibria, N. Eldredge, Heinernann, London, 1986, pp. 202.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[xvi] Stephen Jay Gould, The Evolution of Life on Earth, Scientific American, October, 1994.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[xvii] Michael Cremo and Richard Thompson, Forbidden Archaeology: The Hidden History of the Human Race, January 1998.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[xviii] Marylène Pathou-Mathis, L'Anthropologie, 1995 v.99, no. 1, p. 159.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[xix] Stephen Jay Gould, \"Darwin's Untimely Burial,\" Natural History 85 (Oct. 1976): 24-30\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[xx] Tim Murray, British Journal for the History of Science, 1995 v. 28, pp. 377–379.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E[xxi] Surya-Siddhanta:a text-book of Hindu astronomy, Ebenezer Burgess, Phanindralal Gangooly, Chapter 1, p 13\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/6019471989735374362\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2011\/04\/evolution-by-catastrophe-does-it.html#comment-form","title":"19 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/6019471989735374362"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/6019471989735374362"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2011\/04\/evolution-by-catastrophe-does-it.html","title":"The Evolutionary Cycles Of Creation and Catastrophe: A Case for Intelligent Design"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhc-OKYBTS-It2Ls6PWGdwZ0zbEJUp8j3lTxs_K6ddEYt0oz__wxPKUu1a5k2NlegD55xd_Vs9gy2jv-tKcWDFV_9oZ8uFuOex5M9-zbhgxMGlGFAiS7vEXmtETIHauOtAHHcg78V9nzZrK\/s72-c\/Evolutionary+Cycles+of+Creation+and+Dissolution1.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"19"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-590007555221577840"},"published":{"$t":"2011-03-31T10:13:00.073+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-11-08T18:11:20.736+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"A Day and Night of Brahma and the Cycle of Mass Extinctions"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt;\"\u003E\n\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003ENote: This article has been published in the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.newdawnmagazine.com\/special-issues\/new-dawn-special-issue-vol-6-no-1\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ENew Dawn Magazine, Special Issue Vol.6 No.1.\u003C\/a\u003E, under the title \"The Cycle of Cosmic Catastrophes: Evidence from Science \u0026amp; Ancient Records\". Different versions of this article have also been published on \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.esamskriti.com\/essay-chapters\/A-Day-and-Night-of-Brahma%7E-The-Evidence-from-Fossil-Records-1.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EEsamskriti\u003C\/a\u003E, the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.grahamhancock.com\/forum\/DMisraB1.php\"\u003EGraham Hancock\u003C\/a\u003E website, and the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.viewzone.com\/BRAHMA.html\"\u003EViewzone Magazine\u003C\/a\u003E .\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgsmupxASboCqY8BIAFNmCIvMHzScY0a2HPRyGlhHgb5y1xtQ5nzDmwUl-XdPOilmgdEmDvGMU3CTiMxUoQGjd5_5FjJBjKU0sLrx5qlSu5xY159hvePMomj_GDjjHoCnBC9IIkPBL9yfit\/s1600\/Asteroid_Massive_Impact-11.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"900\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgsmupxASboCqY8BIAFNmCIvMHzScY0a2HPRyGlhHgb5y1xtQ5nzDmwUl-XdPOilmgdEmDvGMU3CTiMxUoQGjd5_5FjJBjKU0sLrx5qlSu5xY159hvePMomj_GDjjHoCnBC9IIkPBL9yfit\/s320\/Asteroid_Massive_Impact-11.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe Yuga Cycle\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe Vedic concept of time, like that of the ancient Egyptians and the Mayans, was cyclical. The ancient Sanskrit texts tell us that, in addition to the cycles of day and night, and the cycles of the seasons, there exists another cycle of time known as the Yuga Cycle or the Cycle of the World Ages. As per the \u003Ci\u003ELaws of Manu\u003C\/i\u003E and the \u003Ci\u003EMahabharata\u003C\/i\u003E, the Yuga Cycle is of 12,000 years duration, and is comprised of four Yugas or World Ages – Satya Yuga (Golden Age), Treta Yuga (Silver Age), Dwapara Yuga (Bronze Age) and Kali Yuga (Iron Age). As humanity moves from the Satya Yuga to the Kali Yuga, the level of virtue and human capabilities gradually decrease, and reaches its nadir in the Kali Yuga, the age of darkness, in which we currently find ourselves.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe belief in the Yuga Cycle was widely prevalent in the ancient world. Giorgio de Santillana, professor of the history of science at MIT, mentions approximately thirty ancient cultures that believed in the concept of a series of ages, with alternating Dark and Golden Ages, as documented in the book \u003Ci\u003EHamlet's Mill\u003C\/i\u003E (1969). The Persians, Greeks, Romans, Celts, Hopi Indians - all have detailed accounts of the World Ages which are surprisingly alike in their descriptions.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESometime prior to 500 CE, some errors had crept into the Yuga Cycle doctrine in many Sanskrit texts. The Yuga Cycle was considered to be of 12,000 \"divine years\" duration, wherein one \"divine year\" was believed to comprise of 360 \"human years\". The 12,000 years duration of the Yuga Cycle was, therefore, multiplied by 360, thereby arriving at the abnormally high value of 4,320,000 years. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EHowever, texts \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003Esuch as the \u003Ci\u003EManusmriti\u003C\/i\u003E (Chapter 1) and the \u003Ci\u003EMahabharata\u003C\/i\u003E (Santi Parva) still mentioned the Yuga Cycle as being of 12000 years duration. Many other ancient cultures such as the Greeks, Chaldeans, Zoroastrians also belived in a Cycle of the World ages of similar duration. Not surprisingly, m\u003C\/span\u003Eany eminent Sanskrit scholars and saints of India such as Lokmanya Tilak, Sri Aurobindo and Swami Yukteswar also supported this view. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn the book \u003Ci\u003EThe Holy Science\u003C\/i\u003E (1894), Sri Yukteswar had clarified that a complete Yuga Cycle takes 24,000 years, and is comprised of a descending Yuga Cycle of 12,000 years when virtue gradually decreases (Satya, Treta, Dwapara, Kali) and an ascending Yuga Cycle of another 12,000 years (Kali, Dwapara, Treta, Satya), in which virtue gradually increases.The idea of an ascending and descending cycle of yugas was also prevalent \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003Eamongst\u003C\/span\u003E many ancient cultures including the Buddhists, Jains and the Greeks. According to the Jains, a complete Time Cycle (Kalachakra) was composed of a progressive half (Utsarpini) and a regressive half (Avasarpini), which followed each other in an unbroken succession for eternity. The Greek poet Hesiod had mentioned in the \u003Ci\u003EWorks and Days\u003C\/i\u003E that the succession of races is not linear but cyclical, and after the \"Iron Age\" (i.e. Kali Yuga), the sequence of ages reverses itself.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EBesides, all the known time cycles of nature are composed of ascending and descending phases. A 24 hour day is comprised of 12 ascending time periods (AM) and 12 descending time periods (PM). In the cycle of the seasons too, we can see that the intensity of sunlight gradually increases from winter to summer for a period of roughly 12 lunar hemicycles (i.e. the time taken from New Moon to Full Moon and vice versa), and then decreases from summer to winter for another period of 12 lunar hemicycles. Therefore, the Yuga Cycle should adhere to this inherent pattern of nature.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EInterestingly, the complete Yuga Cycle of 24,000 years closely matches the Precessional Year of 25,765 years, which is the time taken by the sun to ‘precess’ i.e. move backwards, through the 12 zodiac constellations. In order to understand the phenomenon of precession we need to remember that the 12 constellations of the zodiac encircle our Solar System like a giant ring. As a result, the sun always rises each morning against the backdrop of a particular constellation. If you consider a fixed date on our calendar, say the Vernal Equinox date of March 21st, you will find that the sun rises against the constellation of Pisces on this date. However, in a couple of hundred years from now, the Vernal Equinox sun will rise against the backdrop of Aquarius. There is a very slow apparent movement of the heavens, because of which the background constellations appear to move backwards i.e. ‘precess’ along the zodiac. The Vernal Equinox sun takes nearly 2,147 years to move through each zodiac constellation of 30 degrees, and an entire cycle of 360 degrees is completed in approximately 25,765 years, known as the ‘Precessional Year’.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIt may be possible that the current precessional value of 25,765 years is a cyclical deviation from its Mean Value of 24,000 years. As per the Sanskrit treatise on astronomy called \u003Ci\u003ESurya-Siddhanta\u003C\/i\u003E, the precession of the equinoxes takes place at the rate of 54 arc seconds per year[i] (as against the current value of 50.29 arc seconds per year.) This translates into a Precessional Year duration of exactly 24,000 years!\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EI have discussed the Yuga Cycle in detail, and proposed an alternate interpretation for this cycle on the basis of the Saptarshi Calendar of ancient India, in the article \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2012\/07\/end-of-kali-yuga-in-2025-unraveling.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\"The end of the Kali Yuga in 2025: Unraveling the mysteries of the Yuga Cycle\"\u003C\/a\u003E. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EDay and Night of Brahma\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn addition to the Yuga Cycle, the Vedic texts also tell us of another large cycle of time known as a ‘Day of Brahma’, (also referred to as a Kalpa), which is equal to a 1000 Mahayugas or Yuga Cycles. The \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EVishnu Purana \u003C\/i\u003Estates that at the end of a ‘Day of Brahma’ the physical universe is destroyed and all life forms are extinguished. This is followed by a ‘Night of Brahma’ which is of equal duration as the Day of Brahma, when no life forms exist. At the end of the Night of Brahma, the universe is once again created by Vishnu. This phenomenon of cyclic creation and destruction events is explained by Krishna in the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EBhagavad Gita\u003C\/i\u003E:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“Those who understand the cosmic laws know that the Day of Brahma ends after a thousand Yugas and the Night of Brahma ends after a thousand Yugas. When the day of Brahma dawns, forms are brought forth from the Unmanifest; when the night of Brahma comes, these forms merge in the Formless again. This multitude of beings is created and destroyed again and again in the succeeding days and nights of Brahma.”\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=590007555221577840#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn2;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[ii]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn order to derive the value of a Day of Brahma we need to remember that the Yuga Cycle (also known as a Caturyuga or Mahayuga), consisting of the four Yugas, is of 12,000 years duration. Therefore, a Day of Brahma lasts for 12,000*1000 i.e. 12 million years, which is followed by a Night of Brahma of equal duration. The implications are fascinating: all life forms on the planet earth are extinguished after 12 million years!\u0026nbsp; These life forms then remain in a dormant, unmanifested form for a further 12 million years. And then, at the beginning of the next Day of Brahma, new life forms are brought forth by the creative process from unmanifested matter.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EW\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003Ee, thus, have a cyclical 24 million year period of cosmic creation and dissolution, much like the 24,000 year Precessional Year, and the 24 hours of day and night. The essential similarity between the macrocosm and the microcosm couldn’t be any clearer! It is easy to see that the time period between two successive cosmic dissolution events is 24 million years. \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EI\u003C\/span\u003Ef this information is correct, then this cycle of creation and destruction should also be reflected in the fossil records of \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003Eour\u003C\/span\u003E planet. And amazingly enough, this is exactly what has been revealed by recent paleontological evidence\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003E: every 26 million years there is a mass extinction of species on the earth!\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003ECycle of Mass Extinctions\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003E \u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EConsider this: 66 million years ago the dinosaurs were thriving on the earth. However, today we can only find their bones and fossils in natural history museums. What happened to them? Scientists believe that 65.5 million years ago the earth went through a period a rapid death, called a \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Emass extinction\u003C\/i\u003E. This episode is not the only mass extinction event in the fossil record. There are many more. And in recent years paleontologists have suggested that these mass extinctions occur in a regular cycle.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiUUG0NimoZ6etKp5X0jtJdh4cg6GrlvllhV2pwXgUGU76MTZqbdTZfL7aWeocEcbZoP0lGUAMZjRJPvdyn0XWB3s2tciVqbkQbLPSawmVmkqmUd-sKDAk9p1ZLevdUpBL6EkUbm9_FKabQ\/s1600\/Stegosaurus_at_the_Field_Museum.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Stegosaurus Fossil in the Field Museum, Chicago\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"293\" data-original-width=\"463\" height=\"252\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiUUG0NimoZ6etKp5X0jtJdh4cg6GrlvllhV2pwXgUGU76MTZqbdTZfL7aWeocEcbZoP0lGUAMZjRJPvdyn0XWB3s2tciVqbkQbLPSawmVmkqmUd-sKDAk9p1ZLevdUpBL6EkUbm9_FKabQ\/s400\/Stegosaurus_at_the_Field_Museum.jpg\" title=\"\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003EFig 1: Stegosaurus Fossil in the Field Museum, Chicago. Source: Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 2.5\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn 1984, paleontologists \u003Cspan style=\"color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;\"\u003EDavid Raup\u003C\/span\u003E and \u003Cspan style=\"color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;\"\u003EJack Sepkoski\u003C\/span\u003E of the Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, published a paper\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=590007555221577840#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn3;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[iii]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E claiming that they had identified a statistical periodicity in extinction rates over the last 250 million years. In his research, Sepkoski prepared a listing of about \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ea quarter of a million species of sea-dwelling creatures, both extinct and current, \u003C\/i\u003Enoting the point in time where they appeared and became extinct. Sepkoski confined the study to marine organisms because the chances of finding fossils are much higher under the sea-bed. The oceans are areas of net sedimentation, whereas land is an area of net erosion, which means fewer rocks and fossils are found on land. Although the study was originally devised to be a broad study of the distribution of marine life through geologic time, it, quite unexpectedly turned into a critical component of the mass extinction debate.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EDavid Raup, a senior colleague at the University of Chicago, suggested that Sepkoski examine the date for any evidence of a pattern in the timing of the mass extinctions. To further study extinction periods Sepkoski decided to concentrate on the last 250 million years of geologic time and to throw out animals whose point of appearance and disappearance were debated. He was left with about 500 of his original 3,500 marine families (250,000 species). Sepkoski put the data through computer analysis and was surprised to find that life forms on earth disappeared in great numbers approximately every 26 million years. Both of them checked for errors and confirmed the pattern; \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Elife seemed to disappear drastically every 26 million years\u003C\/i\u003E. In the paper Raup and Sepkoski wrote:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“The temporal distribution of the major extinctions over the past 250 million years has been investigated statistically using various forms of time series analysis. The analyzed record is based on variation in extinction intensity for fossil families of marine vertebrates, invertebrates, and protozoans, and contains 12 extinction events. The 12 events show a statistically significant periodicity (P \u0026lt;0.01) with a mean interval between events of 26 million years. Two of the events coincide with extinctions that have been previously linked to meteorite impacts (terminal Cretaceous and late Eocene). Although the causes of the periodicity are unknown, it is possible that they are related to extraterrestrial forces (solar, solar system, or galactic.)”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003ERaup and Sepkoski had also explored the possibility of the existence of a longer cycle, but they had discounted it as a weaker description of the data. In their original paper they wrote that,\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“It is possible that the appearance of a 26 Myr cycle actually results from a longer cycle of, say, 52 Myr in combination with a scattering of random events. This model has been tested and found to be a weaker description of the data than the simple 26 Myr cycle.” \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe 26 million year cycle has since been corroborated by a number of detailed analyses carried out by Sepkoski, Rampino, Caldeira and other scientists, which establishes the periodicity of the mass extinction events.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjkYV0hwBaFh5xSvaXLapZp82raPdYmmjOHzkYMSRmJCGGP-duJt_tMC6RFt6yROVNL88MQWZ4Tkj6id3AqorYVanFQT_OjS3FfUlUxTOgDfz_-ze6O_jZRSGrMgWPd9NltSdUeGcWH6yC0\/s1600\/raupsepkoski1984.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The original Mass Extinction data of Raup and Sepkoski shows that the extinction rate peaks every 26 million years.\" border=\"0\" height=\"579\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjkYV0hwBaFh5xSvaXLapZp82raPdYmmjOHzkYMSRmJCGGP-duJt_tMC6RFt6yROVNL88MQWZ4Tkj6id3AqorYVanFQT_OjS3FfUlUxTOgDfz_-ze6O_jZRSGrMgWPd9NltSdUeGcWH6yC0\/s640\/raupsepkoski1984.jpg\" title=\"\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 2: The original Mass Extinction data of Raup and Sepkoski shows that the extinction rate peaks every 26 million years. Source: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003ERaup and Sepkoski, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol 81, pp 801-805, February 1984\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe extinction of the dinosaurs 65.5 million years ago has since been followed by two more extinction events. We can find a surprising correlation between the mass extinction dates calculated by scientists and those arrived at from the Vedic texts.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EAccording to the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EVishnu Purana,\u003C\/i\u003E we are now at the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Emiddle of the first day of the 51\u003Csup\u003Est\u003C\/sup\u003E year of Brahma\u003C\/i\u003E. In the current Day of Brahma, 453 Mahayugas have elapsed out of a total of 1000 Mahayugas that comprise it.\u0026nbsp;Since a Day of Brahma lasts for 12 million years, this means that \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Eit has been roughly\u0026nbsp;5.5 million years since the beginning of the current Day of Brahma\u003C\/i\u003E. Therefore, the most recent destruction event would have taken place (5.5 + 12) i.e. 17.5 Myr (million years ago).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EUsing this data we can infer that, as per the Sanskrit texts, the last \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Efive\u003C\/i\u003E destruction events should have taken place as per the following timelines:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E17.5 Myr, 41.5 Myr, 65.5 Myr, 89.5 Myr, and 113.5 Myr.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003ET\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003Ehis is very strongly correlated \u003C\/span\u003Eto the extinction dates computed by Raup and Sepkoski from the fossil record\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003Es:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E1\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E1.3 Myr, 38 Myr, 65 Myr, 91 Myr and 125 Myr.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EAnd, quite incredibly, there is an \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Eexact match\u003C\/i\u003E with the extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs 65.5 million years ago!\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgwMb498NF5icVFoBHzNqh-0pHwmIf-s59Y9OD_s8MzvlhMVzEXOEH6K_Eb-1wtfQoseZ-F9Se0CBZRQIEGFO1Ihd2sFw62Y2dxxiKkUs3n5Xnjn4MW2j-CRoHDyVV8NnL_r4AHxQ0QL8sM\/s1600\/26+Myr+Cycle+of+Mass+Extinctions.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The Mass Extinction Events specified in the Sanskrit text Vishnu Purana are strongly correlated with the extinction dates calculated by paleontologists Raup and Sepkoski\" border=\"0\" height=\"444\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgwMb498NF5icVFoBHzNqh-0pHwmIf-s59Y9OD_s8MzvlhMVzEXOEH6K_Eb-1wtfQoseZ-F9Se0CBZRQIEGFO1Ihd2sFw62Y2dxxiKkUs3n5Xnjn4MW2j-CRoHDyVV8NnL_r4AHxQ0QL8sM\/s640\/26+Myr+Cycle+of+Mass+Extinctions.jpg\" title=\"\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 3: The Mass Extinction Events specified in the Sanskrit text Vishnu Purana are strongly correlated with the extinction dates calculated by \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003Epaleontologists \u003C\/span\u003ERaup and Sepkoski\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn case of some of the extinction events, there is a slight difference between the dates calculated from the Vedic texts, and those computed by Sepkoski. We should remember that the extinction timelines calculated by Sepkoski are approximate, and depend on the sample characteristics and various assumptions inherent in the model. Other scientists have arrived at slightly different values for the extinction events. For instance, the most recent extinction event, which has been termed as the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EMiddle Miocene disruption\u003C\/i\u003E, is now considered to have taken place during the middle of the Miocene Epoch, nearly 14.8 – 14.5 Myr. This is much closer to the value arrived at from the Vedic texts (17.5 Myr).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EWe also need to remember that the duration of the Precessional Year may not be constant, and could fluctuate around the Mean Value of 24,000 years. If so, then the duration of a Day and Night of Brahma will also fluctuate around a Mean Value of 24 million years. The periodicity of these fluctuations needs to be understood and considered in order to correctly calculate the previous dates of cosmic destruction.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIt would be fair to conclude on the basis of the above analysis that, the 24 million year cycle of creation and destruction, comprising of a Day and Night of Brahma, is embedded in the fossil records of the planet earth. One might argue that in a mass extinction event, all species do not become extinct (the most intense extinction events result in the extinction of 90 % of all species), \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003Ewhich \u003C\/span\u003Econtradicts the principle of complete annihilation at the end of a Day of Brahma. But that is not a valid argument. The Sanskrit texts state that all \"lifeforms\" are destroyed at the end of a Day of Brahma. They do not claim that all species become extinct. The same species may be created once again in the subsequent Day of Brahma.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003ECosmic Impacts \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EEven now, there is no consensus in the scientific community regarding the possible trigger for these periodic extinction events, \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003Eeven t\u003C\/span\u003Ehough scientists agree that there must be a single underlying cause. Raup and Sepkoski had favored extraterrestrial factors in their original analysis:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“A first question is whether we are seeing the effects of a purely biological phenomenon or whether the periodic extinction results from recurrent events or cycles in the physical environment. If the forcing agent is in the physical environment, does this reflect an earthbound process or something in space? If the latter, are the extraterrestrial influences solar, solar system, or galactic? Although none of these alternatives can be ruled out now, we favor extraterrestrial causes for the reason that purely biological or earthbound physical cycles seem incredible, where the cycles are of fixed length and measured on a time scale of tens of millions of years. By contrast, astronomical and astrophysical cycles of this order are plausible even though candidates for the particular cycle observed in the extinction data are few. One possibility is the passage of our solar system through the spiral arms of the Milky Way Galaxy, which has been estimated to occur on the order of 100 million years. Shoemaker has argued that passage through the galactic arms should increase the comet flux and this could, following the Alvarez hypothesis, provide an explanation for the biological extinctions.\u0026nbsp; Two of the extinction events considered here (Late Cretaceous and Late Eocene) are associated with evidence for meteorite impacts. However, much more information is needed before definitive statements about causes can be made.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe link between the mass extinction event that eliminated the dinosaurs, and meteorite impacts from outer space, was known for a few years before Raup and Sepkoski had published their paper. In 1980, the Alvarez group proposed the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Easteroid impact theory\u003C\/i\u003E to explain the sudden extinction of dinosaurs at the K-T (Cretaceous–Tertiary) boundary, some 65.5 million years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EA team of researchers, which included Nobel prize-winning physicist Luis Alvarez and his son, geologist Walter Alvarez, discovered that sedimentary layers found all over the world at the K-T boundary contain a concentration of iridium many times greater than normal (30 times background in Gubbio, Italy and 160 times at Stevns). Since Iridium is extremely rare in the earth's crust but is abundant in chondritic meteorites and asteroids (the isotopic ratio of iridium in asteroids is similar to that of the K–T boundary layer but significantly different from the ratio in the Earth's crust) the Alvarez team suggested that the iridium spike at the K-T boundary is extraterrestrial in origin and had settled out of a global dust cloud triggered by the impact of an asteroid 10 km in diameter. They proposed that this giant asteroid crashed into the earth at nearly 90,000 km\/hr and produced an impact crater of diameter 250 km, which led to the extinction of the dinosaurs.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhhV3Q0cBAP1xOtQ0cuWmM1FiE_tSffXkihWjtFQDoVKfLv9bUH9iaqxzPMLb_3AossYWi00Ko-NRzHtOCbDHMftzLWYVVvsU9wmKm9WICQMkhmeTKG5ajTWEZ2Js0_yg6vK4NnlgFJUDqL\/s1600\/Asteroid_Massive_Impact-11.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"An artist's concept of a catastrophic asteroid impact with the Earth\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"900\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhhV3Q0cBAP1xOtQ0cuWmM1FiE_tSffXkihWjtFQDoVKfLv9bUH9iaqxzPMLb_3AossYWi00Ko-NRzHtOCbDHMftzLWYVVvsU9wmKm9WICQMkhmeTKG5ajTWEZ2Js0_yg6vK4NnlgFJUDqL\/s640\/Asteroid_Massive_Impact-11.jpg\" title=\"\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E4\u003C\/span\u003E: An artist's concept of a catastrophic asteroid impact with the Earth. Source: www.universetoday.com\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe consensus among scientists who support this theory is that the impact caused extinctions both directly, by heat from the meteorite impact (which could have also triggered global firestorms as incendiary fragments from the blast fell back to earth) and mega-tsunamis, and also indirectly via a worldwide cooling brought about when matter ejected from the impact reflected thermal radiation from the sun. This would have blocked sunlight and inhibited photosynthesis, and accounted for the extinction of plants and organisms.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn 1990, scientists confirmed that that an asteroid, 15\u0026nbsp;kilometers wide must have hit in the vicinity of the Yucatan Peninsula (in southeastern Mexico), creating the approximately 180\u0026nbsp;km wide and 10 km deep \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EChicxulub Crater\u003C\/i\u003E, triggering the mass extinction. At the time of the impact, the asteroid was travelling at nearly 70,000 miles hour (roughly 20 times the speed of a rifle bullet), and the impact released about a \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ebillion times more energy than the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima\u003C\/i\u003E and a million times larger than the largest nuclear bomb ever tested. According to scientists of the Imperial College of London, the impact would have triggered massive earthquakes, landslides, continental shelf collapses and mega-tsunamis, as well as a global winter, which wiped out much of life on Earth in a matter of days.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Emultiple impact theory\u003C\/i\u003E suggests the possibility of near simultaneous multiple impacts, possibly from a fragmented asteroidal object. This is supported by the discovery of several other craters, which appear to have been formed at the K–T boundary. Among these are the Boltysh crater, a 24 km diameter impact crater in Ukraine; and the Silverpit crater, a 20 km diameter impact crater in the North Sea. Recently, another major impact structure, the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EShiva Crater\u003C\/i\u003E, has been identified at the India-Seychelles plate margin, in the Indian Ocean to the west of Mumbai, almost antipodal to the Chicxulub structure. In a paper published in 1997, paleontologist Sankar Chatterjee writes:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“This buried oblong crater is \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003E600 km long, 450 km wide and 12 km deep\u003C\/i\u003E and may represent the largest impact structure of Phanerozoic age. The KT boundary age of the crater is inferred from its Deccan lava floor, Paleocene age of the overlying sediments, isotope dating (~ 65 Ma) of presumed melt rocks, and the Carlsberg rifting event that split the crater into two halves…It is estimated that a 40-km diameter meteorite crashed on the western continental shelf of India around 65 Ma, excavating the Shiva Crater, shattering the lithosphere, and triggering the India-Seychelles rifting.”\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=590007555221577840#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn4;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[iv]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjgo-3mFYlhApbExFNMwfl8cNPGFZ1kbqzP2sTnblpojia6zUWAbUtp7l1X09AsI1LrIJ3sIsg9Jd5fi_9AfIbpGR8MfgFWnvRqx8KmzpCrQ6eA_CfvGXUoXprxB_hhhj0iMKGaiCnxfhXg\/s1600\/Barringer+Meteorcrater.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"The Barringer Meteor Crater in Arizona was created 50,000 years ago\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"686\" data-original-width=\"1024\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjgo-3mFYlhApbExFNMwfl8cNPGFZ1kbqzP2sTnblpojia6zUWAbUtp7l1X09AsI1LrIJ3sIsg9Jd5fi_9AfIbpGR8MfgFWnvRqx8KmzpCrQ6eA_CfvGXUoXprxB_hhhj0iMKGaiCnxfhXg\/s640\/Barringer+Meteorcrater.jpg\" title=\"\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E5\u003C\/span\u003E: The Barringer Meteor \nCrater in Arizona, 1.2 km wide, 170 m deep. It was created nearly 50,000\n years ago by a small meteorite about 50 meters across, which released \nabout 10 megatons of energy. In contrast, the asteroid that created the \n180 km wide Chicxulub Crater in Mexico released about 100 million \nmegatons of energy. Credit: Wikimedia Commons \/ Shane Torgerson CC BY 3.0\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EAnother important discovery in this regard was made independently by Alvarez and Muller, and by Rampino and Stothers, and subsequently validated by Shoemaker, which showed that the impact craters on earth had a periodicity of either 28.4 or 30 Myr, which matches the periodicity of mass extinctions. This suggested that the impact craters must have been created during ‘comet showers’ or ‘storms’ – a large number of impacts over a relatively short period of time.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003ESubsequently, two teams of astronomers, Whitmire and Jackson,\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=590007555221577840#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn5;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[v]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E and Davis, Hut, and Muller,\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=590007555221577840#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn6;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[vi]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E independently published similar hypotheses to explain Raup and Sepkoski's extinction periodicity in the same issue of the journal \u003Ci\u003ENature\u003C\/i\u003E. This hypothesis proposes that the Sun may have an as yet undetected \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ecompanion star\u003C\/i\u003E in a highly elliptical orbit that periodically disturbs comets in the spherical Oort cloud that surrounds our Solar System, causing a large increase in the number of comets visiting the inner Solar System, with a consequential increase in impact events on Earth. This became known as the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ENemesis hypothesis\u003C\/i\u003E. If Nemesis does exist, its exact nature is uncertain. Richard A. Muller suggests that the most likely object is a \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ered dwarf star\u003C\/i\u003E with magnitude between 7 and 12. He also states that if the last comet shower was 13 Myr ago, then Nemesis would be at its greatest distance, about 3 light-years; if the shower was 5 Myr ago, then Nemesis would be only half that distance.\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=590007555221577840#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn7;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[vii]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EHowever, a binary companion of the sun has not been found till date, in spite of extensive sky surveys. It has been noted by many scientists that the orbit required for a 26 to 30 million years period is unstable against perturbations from passing stars and molecular clouds. Thus, it is extremely unlikely that the proposed companion star has been in this orbit for the past 250 million years, and hence it cannot account for the 26 million year periodicity in impact events. However, supporters of this hypothesis are still hoping that the WISE mission (an infrared sky survey that covered most of our solar neighborhood in movement-verifying parallax measurements) will be able to be able to find it, if it exists. Preliminary results of the WISE survey were released on 14 April 2011. The final release of analyzed results is scheduled to be released in March 2012. It would be fair to say, though, that the Nemesis hypothesis has lost credibility within the scientific community.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe explanations for the mass extinction events provided in the ancient texts have been couched in mysterious symbolisms that have been impossible to decode. The \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EMahabharata\u003C\/i\u003E tells us that\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“a fire from the \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Emouth of the underground serpent\u003C\/i\u003E will burn the lower worlds, then the surface of the earth, and will set the atmosphere ablaze. This mass of fire will burn with a great noise. Surrounded by these circles of fire, all animate and inanimate objects will be destroyed.” \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003ESimilar accounts have been preserved by the Nordic people of \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ERagnarok\u003C\/i\u003E, the final destruction of the world. The event states that during Ragnarok, \u003Cspan style=\"color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;\"\u003EJörmungandr\u003C\/span\u003E, the \u003Cspan style=\"color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;\"\u003EMidgard\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan style=\"color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;\"\u003Eserpent\u003C\/span\u003E, will rise from the deep ocean bed to proceed towards the land, twisting and writhing in fury on his way, causing the seas to rear up and lash against the land. \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EWith every breath, the serpent will spew \u003C\/i\u003E\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;\"\u003Evenom\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003E, staining the earth and the sky in poison\u003C\/i\u003E. Some of the catastrophes that occurred during the last time the universe was dissolved are still remembered and recounted:\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\"The ash tree Yggdrasil was shaken from its roots to its topmost branches. The Earth itself was beginning to lose its shape. The stars were coming adrift from the sky and falling into the gaping void. The giant Sun set the entire earth on fire; the universe was no longer more than an immense furnace. All living things, all plant life, were blotted out. All that remained was the soil.\"\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThese descriptions seem to suggest a cosmic catastrophe of unimaginable proportions. But the exact nature of this phenomenon still eludes us. Are these descriptions hinting at a ‘galactic core explosion’? We know that the Milky Way galaxy is a ‘Seyfert’ galaxy, which periodically has highly energetic explosions taking place in its core that result in the ejection of huge amount of cosmic debris including stars, dust and cosmic ray particles. Astronomers speculate that this kind of explosive activities may occur as infrequently as once in every 10 to 100 million years, which falls pretty much in the range of the 26 million year mass extinction events. Once the core becomes explosive, the galaxy remains in that explosive stage for a few million years, and then becomes quiescent, before erupting again.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EScientists believe that interstellar magnetic fields in the galactic nucleus will trap the emitted particles in spiral orbits causing them to reach the earth very slowly, and thereby not pose any grave threat to the earth. However, Paul LaViolette, the author of \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EEarth Under Fire\u003C\/i\u003E is of the opinion that “cosmic ray electrons and positrons generated in a core explosion travel radially outward from the Galactic Center at very close to the speed of light and pass through the entire galactic disk with minimal attenuation”\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=590007555221577840#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn8;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[viii]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, and bombard solar systems like our own residing in its spiral arm disk. These emitted cosmic rays travel radially outward “in the form of an expanding spherical shell that has a thickness of several hundred to several thousand light years”. Such an explosive event can cause substantial damage to life on earth, and may be responsible for the periodic cataclysms that impact our planet.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIt is possible, therefore, that the ancient myths may be hinting at a cyclical ‘galactic core explosion’ that takes place every 26 million years. However, such a hypothesis requires much more analysis. What is certain, however, is this: the ancients were aware of the mass extinction events that are recorded in the fossil history of the earth, and, couched in arcane symbolisms and metaphors, they had described the phenomenon that triggers these periodic catastrophic destructions. This message has been transmitted down to us for uncounted millennia through oral traditions. It is now up to us to decode this information.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPS\u003C\/b\u003E: In a follow-up article titled \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2011\/04\/evolution-by-catastrophe-does-it.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\"The Evolutionary Cycles Of Creation and Catastrophe: A Case for Intelligent Design\"\u003C\/a\u003E, I have argued that the Darwinian model of gradual evolution through natural selection is not reflected in the fossil records. Rather, evolution happens in cycles of 26 million years, in which a speciation event (Punctuated Equilibrium) and dissolution event (Mass Extintion) take place alternately.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReferences \u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Chr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv id=\"edn1\" style=\"mso-element: endnote;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=590007555221577840#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn1;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[i]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E \u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003ESurya-Siddhanta:a text-book of Hindu astronomy, Ebenezer Burgess, Phanindralal Gangooly, Chapter 1, p 1\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv id=\"edn2\" style=\"mso-element: endnote;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=590007555221577840#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn2;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[ii]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E The \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EBhagavad Gita \u003C\/i\u003E8.17-8.20\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv id=\"edn3\" style=\"mso-element: endnote;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=590007555221577840#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn3;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[iii]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E Raup and Sepkoski, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol 81, pp 801-805, February 1984\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv id=\"edn4\" style=\"mso-element: endnote;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=590007555221577840#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn4;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[iv]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E Sankar Chatterjee, Proc. 30\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E Intern. Geol. Congr., Vol 26, pp 31-54, 1997\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv id=\"edn5\" style=\"mso-element: endnote;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=590007555221577840#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn5;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[v]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"citation\"\u003EWhitmire, D.P.; Jackson, A.A. (1984). \"Are periodic mass extinctions driven by a distant solar companion?\", \u003Ci\u003ENature\u003C\/i\u003E 308 (5961): 713–715.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv id=\"edn6\" style=\"mso-element: endnote;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=590007555221577840#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn6;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[vi]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"citation\"\u003EDavis, M.; Hut, P., Muller, R.A. (1984). \"Extinction of species by periodic comet showers\". \u003Ci\u003ENature\u003C\/i\u003E 308 (5961): 715–717.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv id=\"edn7\" style=\"mso-element: endnote;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=590007555221577840#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn7;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[vii]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E Muller, R.A. (1985). “Evidence for Nemesis: A Solar Companion Star”. LBL, University of California.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv id=\"edn8\" style=\"mso-element: endnote;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-edit.g?blogID=6864653463177413678\u0026amp;postID=590007555221577840#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\" style=\"mso-endnote-id: edn8;\" title=\"\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E[viii]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003E Paul LaViolette, \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EEarth Under Fire, \u003C\/i\u003Ep 67, Bear \u0026amp; Company, 2005\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/590007555221577840\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2011\/03\/day-and-night-of-brahma-evidence-from.html#comment-form","title":"24 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/590007555221577840"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/590007555221577840"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2011\/03\/day-and-night-of-brahma-evidence-from.html","title":"A Day and Night of Brahma and the Cycle of Mass Extinctions"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgsmupxASboCqY8BIAFNmCIvMHzScY0a2HPRyGlhHgb5y1xtQ5nzDmwUl-XdPOilmgdEmDvGMU3CTiMxUoQGjd5_5FjJBjKU0sLrx5qlSu5xY159hvePMomj_GDjjHoCnBC9IIkPBL9yfit\/s72-c\/Asteroid_Massive_Impact-11.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"24"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6864653463177413678.post-2020976899717111121"},"published":{"$t":"2011-03-19T22:28:00.020+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-07-08T12:31:08.374+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Article"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Earth Mysteries"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Yuga Cycle"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Vishnu Symbolism in Crop Circles: Does it signify the coming of a ‘Chakravartin’?"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003ENote: This article has been published by the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/news.iskcon.org\/node\/3503\"\u003EIskcon News Service.\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe Crop Circle Mystery\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003ECrop Circles are a modern enigma. These intricate and gigantic formations, appearing almost overnight, have confused and fascinated us for the past couple of decades. Although crop circles have been spotted in many countries, a bulk of them appear in Southern England during the summer months.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003ESome of the crop circles are enormous – more than 1000 feet in diameter – while the average size of crop circles in the UK is around 200 feet. While most of these formations appear almost overnight, some of them have formed mysteriously in the space of a few minutes, in broad daylight, right next to a busy highway. The size and complexity of these formations, along with the suddenness with which they appear, effectively rule out any human involvement. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EOne of the intriguing aspects of a crop circle is that electronic and mechanical equipment such as cameras, watches and even tractors frequently malfunction inside a crop circle, soon after it appears. In addition, an array of scientific anomalies has been noted in the plant and soil samples collected from crop circle sites, which do not conform to any rational explanation. Biophysicist W.C.Levengood has found that significant biological changes take place within the stalks in a crop circle, which could be the effect of \u003Ci\u003Esome kind of microwave energy\u003C\/i\u003E. No man-made experimental circle has ever replicated these results.\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003ERecently, a Laurence Rockefeller funded study into crop circles, conducted by BLT Research, has concluded that \"\u003Ci\u003Eit is possible that we are observing the effects of a new or as yet undiscovered energy source.\u003C\/i\u003E\" A few eye-witness reports describe an \u003Ci\u003Einvisible force\u003C\/i\u003E creating these circles in a matter of seconds, without creating any noise or disturbance. Some people have heard a high-pitched humming sound or seen lights, and later found a crop circle in the same area.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EClearly, some inexplicable phenomenon is transpiring in our immediate planetary or cosmic neighborhood. Needless to say, there must be a guiding intelligence behind these intricate and complex pieces of art, and as numerous scientific studies have indicated, some kind of unknown energy is being utilized. It appears as if the circle makers are sending us important messages through these complex formations, which depict the sacred symbols of many ancient cultures. While the debate about how these circles are being made will continue into the foreseeable future, it is important to try and understand if these formations encode important messages for humanity.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Barbury Castle Formation\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EOne of the earliest crop circle formations which had captured the imagination of the world was the Barbury Castle formation of 1991. Ever since this exquisite formation appeared near Barbury, England, a number of scientific, mathematical, and mystical interpretations have been proposed by various researchers to explain its symbolic meaning. However, when I looked at this formation I came to realize that it is a composite, two-dimensional representation of the four attributes of the Hindu Creator God Vishnu, who is also synonymous with his mortal incarnation Krishna. These four attributes which have been depicted in this formation, and which are always associated with Vishnu (and Krishna) are the \u003Ci\u003ELotus Flower\u003C\/i\u003E, the six-spoked discus known as the \u003Ci\u003ESudarshana Chakra\u003C\/i\u003E, the \u003Ci\u003EMace\u003C\/i\u003E, and the \u003Ci\u003EConch Shell\u003C\/i\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr align=\"center\"\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Barbury Castle crop circle of 1991 is a two-dimensional representation of the four attributes of Vishnu - lotus, conch, discus and mace\" border=\"0\" height=\"222\" r6=\"true\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiHeUL2HhYJx7d0DKB2-p1iLjLrjPGU2rRc6r625fibJQb6Iq-rEfG1QCRgMD5Y9ouR0FNDzhRnTjgAXqWyVJMbLUkA8NqIpo4n6iKrz0g0QOm8_aJj_PnKsuG_AJ7DTssrWBkfbxPG9ATn\/s400\/Barbury+Castle.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" title=\"\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr align=\"center\"\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 1: One of the most fascinating crop circles till date was the Barbury Castle Formation of 1991. Source: http:\/\/unisci24.com \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr align=\"left\"\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EAt the center of the Barbury Castle formation there is central circle, enclosed by a pair of concentric circles. In ancient traditions, the \"circle with a dot in the center\" represented the \"divine consciousness at the center of the cosmos\". In Hinduism and Buddhism, the concentric circles also denote the resplendent \u003Ci\u003ELotus Flower\u003C\/i\u003E which bloomed in the midst of the Primeval Ocean at the beginning of time, containing within it the \u003Ci\u003EGreat Spirit\u003C\/i\u003E. This understanding is reflected in the Buddhist mantra \"Om Mani Padme Hum\" which translates to \"Hail to the Jewel in the Lotus\". It is apparent, therefore, that the central part of this formation reflects Vishnu, and his attribute, the Lotus Flower.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiVWUJyKyJod9PEWqxAfW1V-aeLVkhcXGtc0kRy0iqFF4CIl63F_J69fMZyCgYtTZGKLYZRrKxMwkwM_nCn3H3CWGs-5NnjxSZS0oZcNWcKwDSZeeWB2otf_AHtW3ThATenkpa-tBgfuyYO\/s1600\/Vishnu_Kumartuli_Park_Sarbojanin_Arnab_Dutta_2010.JPG\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Vishnu standing on a Lotus Flower, with his four attributes: Lotus, Discus, Conch-shell and Mace. Source\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1067\" data-original-width=\"800\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiVWUJyKyJod9PEWqxAfW1V-aeLVkhcXGtc0kRy0iqFF4CIl63F_J69fMZyCgYtTZGKLYZRrKxMwkwM_nCn3H3CWGs-5NnjxSZS0oZcNWcKwDSZeeWB2otf_AHtW3ThATenkpa-tBgfuyYO\/s320\/Vishnu_Kumartuli_Park_Sarbojanin_Arnab_Dutta_2010.JPG\" title=\"\" width=\"239\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 2: Vishnu standing on a Lotus Flower, with his four attributes: Lotus, Discus, Conch-shell and Mace. Source: Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe concentric circles are enclosed within an \u003Ci\u003Eequilateral triangle\u003C\/i\u003E which is an ancient symbol of the \u003Ci\u003ETrinity\u003C\/i\u003E. At the bottom-left corner of the formation we can see a \"racheted spiral form\", which represents the famous \u003Ci\u003EFibonacci sequence\u003C\/i\u003E (a sequence of numbers: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 etc. where each number is the sum of the preceding two numbers). The ratio of two successive terms in the Fibonacci sequence is the famous \u003Ci\u003EGolden Ratio\u003C\/i\u003E 1.618033989. Fibonacci sequences are found in many places in nature: in plant growth, leaf patterns, floral petals and stems; while the \u003Ci\u003EGolden Ratio\u003C\/i\u003E is found in the proportions of the human body, and in art and architecture.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIt has been shown scientifically that the cross section of a Conch shell traces out a Fibonacci sequence (“Fibonacci Structure in Conch Shell”, Current Science, February 2005). In this article, the authors Saroj Kumar Rath and P.C.Naik, after performing extensive X-ray analysis of the Conch-shell, conclude that, “Our measurement of the parameters in the structure satisfy the celebrated Fibonacci patterns found abundantly in nature. The parameters, when judiciously chosen, fairly furnish the Fibonacci pattern and Golden Ratio.” Therefore, the Fibonacci spiral depicted in the Barbury Castle crop circle must be a two-dimensional representation of the \u003Ci\u003EConch Shell\u003C\/i\u003E held by Vishnu.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgLZrmXKEgEglhHHxejkBAPAvOg5kMgALP2DW8j7-mkEA7GsvP-QiRa8ruv769STFC4y0wRz4frenERQaG6LGmx0ut5L7y1Jj0KGXLW4pPaZAH2_QWG_GAXpUJzmf0XWp7KXLpKZzXu40sA\/s1600\/793px-NautilusCutawayLogarithmicSpiral+Chris+73++Wikimedia+Commons.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"241\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgLZrmXKEgEglhHHxejkBAPAvOg5kMgALP2DW8j7-mkEA7GsvP-QiRa8ruv769STFC4y0wRz4frenERQaG6LGmx0ut5L7y1Jj0KGXLW4pPaZAH2_QWG_GAXpUJzmf0XWp7KXLpKZzXu40sA\/s320\/793px-NautilusCutawayLogarithmicSpiral+Chris+73++Wikimedia+Commons.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 3: An exquisitely formed Nautilus Shell, displaying the famous Fibonacci spiral. Source: Chris73\/Wikipedia\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EAt the bottom right corner of the formation, we find a \u003Ci\u003Esix-spoked circle\u003C\/i\u003E which can be identified as the six-spoked \u003Ci\u003ESudarshana Chakra\u003C\/i\u003E, the famous discus wielded by Vishnu. At the top of the formation we find a \"Circle with a stick attached to\" which could very well be the cross-section of the \u003Ci\u003EMace\u003C\/i\u003E, the other attribute associated with Vishnu. Each of these individual symbols are interconnected by straight lines, thereby forming an extraordinary two-dimensional representation of Vishnu, along with his four attributes.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThis is not the only instance, however, where the various attributes of Vishnu have appeared in crop circle formations. There have been multiple instances where the \u003Ci\u003EConch Shell\u003C\/i\u003E or its cross section, the six-spoked \u003Ci\u003ESudarshana Chakra\u003C\/i\u003E or the six-petaled \u003Ci\u003ELotus Flower\u003C\/i\u003E, have appeared in the formations. The Barbury Castle formation is, however, the only instance where all the four attributes of\u0026nbsp;Vishnu have been depicted in a unified form. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhc3RXULf50eK3WqJm07HSlmT-EccvhT1o6M4pqh15BhFJDPWVf8DE6LBCLO-TocqfMljF7mp-omM_tcFIhB2w4fQ0k8Zs830a7FMMg_QkOFG4vV__q4kA0WBfUdR5HzLCSkxfY5jt29-06\/s1600\/Pewsey+July+2002+-+Cross+section+of+conch+shell.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"220\" r6=\"true\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhc3RXULf50eK3WqJm07HSlmT-EccvhT1o6M4pqh15BhFJDPWVf8DE6LBCLO-TocqfMljF7mp-omM_tcFIhB2w4fQ0k8Zs830a7FMMg_QkOFG4vV__q4kA0WBfUdR5HzLCSkxfY5jt29-06\/s320\/Pewsey+July+2002+-+Cross+section+of+conch+shell.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 4: Pewsey July 2002. Cross section of a Conch -shell.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhXObEfeIxgv0Z-3BXwocPCLwfZb6IpmCHKMhFts4bz0tdHVjClhlE3hUao-OZebDEmFq7Rl8fSEqjnSxnAPoNEaAUSBf-GwfRFOMOZ0snCQCKpIbAiktn5QgVmgrA9m6m30lswZ3B_BYK-\/s1600\/Wiltshire+June+2007+-+Conch+shell.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" r6=\"true\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhXObEfeIxgv0Z-3BXwocPCLwfZb6IpmCHKMhFts4bz0tdHVjClhlE3hUao-OZebDEmFq7Rl8fSEqjnSxnAPoNEaAUSBf-GwfRFOMOZ0snCQCKpIbAiktn5QgVmgrA9m6m30lswZ3B_BYK-\/s320\/Wiltshire+June+2007+-+Conch+shell.jpg\" width=\"297\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 5: Wiltshire, June 2007.Conch-shell.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E \u003Ctd\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg5SdonXvv4Gq9Pel1cpJqf5JawbJCwaJvu5iPicUn2gBEZ3FrPZvWUGQ6BCOe_JEKviS12613B4jiCn0RlqUCgD5a9Vq8Y4jda79aHGKH3_R9e57MUfh9lVHPbLx65fUwyOn8xKYcwxwOC\/s1600\/Huish+Aug+2001+-+Six+spoked+rotating+discus.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"257\" r6=\"true\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg5SdonXvv4Gq9Pel1cpJqf5JawbJCwaJvu5iPicUn2gBEZ3FrPZvWUGQ6BCOe_JEKviS12613B4jiCn0RlqUCgD5a9Vq8Y4jda79aHGKH3_R9e57MUfh9lVHPbLx65fUwyOn8xKYcwxwOC\/s320\/Huish+Aug+2001+-+Six+spoked+rotating+discus.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 6: Huish, Aug 2001. Six-spoked rotating discus.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E \u003Ctd\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Ctable\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgAvNdM4fTZJ7GC8mkXoRjmx2xurkeTW89bQL1jYbWjNg0j9AeZVR1BDxkDEVKD2tGosVl46x09i4vZIqqteOF_dycOIZVUVeU3svjppnm-Hp0e_0mQdOdwgWzmm_qPcJcOexx0cI8Szjuc\/s1600\/West+Stowell+July+2000+-+Six+petaled+flower.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"254\" r6=\"true\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgAvNdM4fTZJ7GC8mkXoRjmx2xurkeTW89bQL1jYbWjNg0j9AeZVR1BDxkDEVKD2tGosVl46x09i4vZIqqteOF_dycOIZVUVeU3svjppnm-Hp0e_0mQdOdwgWzmm_qPcJcOexx0cI8Szjuc\/s320\/West+Stowell+July+2000+-+Six+petaled+flower.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 7: West Stowell July 2000 Six petaled flower. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E \u003Ctd\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEikZiXLKV-vZ0knrmDd77-mj35IhrPwFkmgqKQasCqB_e7ictbXRK5BM2FjYsbGzRycVy9NWE8k6mK8pMeWbXojTvR_OqsVeDVp8QAJTeu62zK9Dq2jocMl2_zEMvbHZZI1RXhmKDrKdKaU\/s1600\/Stonehenge+July+2002+-+Six+petaled+flower.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"228\" r6=\"true\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEikZiXLKV-vZ0knrmDd77-mj35IhrPwFkmgqKQasCqB_e7ictbXRK5BM2FjYsbGzRycVy9NWE8k6mK8pMeWbXojTvR_OqsVeDVp8QAJTeu62zK9Dq2jocMl2_zEMvbHZZI1RXhmKDrKdKaU\/s320\/Stonehenge+July+2002+-+Six+petaled+flower.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 8: Stonehenge July 2002. Six petaled flower\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E \u003Ctd\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E \u003Ctd\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhP0cdTF8u57C_y4wWUDcv5sLifix9K8sBk7DM78gLQSPyXH89u9JtjlvHQ8aw-LSqFgXfxLCIA8udOAP9dqq1LQmxV__S4-SZjSA5IrjOIke09eviW8HB-bDCurN3ByzHEOvSDWQaEBMhH\/s1600\/Wiltshire+July+2007+-+The+symbol+OM.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" r6=\"true\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhP0cdTF8u57C_y4wWUDcv5sLifix9K8sBk7DM78gLQSPyXH89u9JtjlvHQ8aw-LSqFgXfxLCIA8udOAP9dqq1LQmxV__S4-SZjSA5IrjOIke09eviW8HB-bDCurN3ByzHEOvSDWQaEBMhH\/s320\/Wiltshire+July+2007+-+The+symbol+OM.jpg\" width=\"196\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 9: Wiltshire July 2007 - AUM symbol\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E \u003Ctd\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EEach of the four attributes of\u0026nbsp;Vishnu has a symbolic meaning associated with it. The irresistible \u003Ci\u003ESudarshana Chakra\u003C\/i\u003E is the weapon wielded by Vishnu and it signifies the destruction of one's ego, burning away of spiritual ignorance and illusion, and developing the vision to realize god. From the \u003Ci\u003EConch Shell\u003C\/i\u003E emanates the primordial sound of creation \"AUM\", which pervades the entire cosmos. The vibration of AUM is the original sound that contains all other sounds, all words and all languages. It is considered to be the supreme object of meditation and is uttered before all Vedic mantras. The \u003Ci\u003EMace\u003C\/i\u003E held by\u0026nbsp;Vishnu denotes\u0026nbsp;his power to destroy the materialistic or demonic tendencies within us.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EAnd the \u003Ci\u003ELotus Flower\u003C\/i\u003E on which Vishnu stands, and which he sometimes holds in one of his hands as well, is symbolic of divine creation, the formation of the universe from the eternal.\u0026nbsp; The Lotus is also an emblem of divine perfection, purity and enlightenment. Vedic gods and sages always exhorted their devotees to be like the Lotus; just as Lotus blooms in a marshy watery body, and yet remains unaffected by dirt and mud, in the same fashion one should be of this world, and yet remain untouched by sin. In the \u003Ci\u003EBhagavad Gita\u003C\/i\u003E, Lord Krishna tells Arjuna that \"those who surrender to Brahman all selfish attachments are like the leaf of a lotus floating clean and dry in water. Sin cannot touch them.\"\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EClearly, these formations are significant for our times. It appears as if the crop circle makers urging us to imbibe the wisdom encoded within these symbols. I wondered if the symbolic meaning of the Barbury Castle formation is more than just the sum of its individual parts. Since such an elaborate, composite depiction of Vishnu has been created, could it also contain a deeper meaning?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EGlobal Consciousness Changes\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EI reflected on the global consciousness changes that have been predicted by various spiritualists around the years 2012. The date 21st December 2012 is widely believed to represent the end of a 5125 year cycle (also known as a Great Cycle or a 13 Baktun cycle) in the Mayan Long Count Calendar. Inspite of all the excitement around 2012, there exists only one piece of inscription which makes a prediction specific to the end of the Great Cycle of the Mayan Long Count Calendar. It’s a hieroglyphic text found on Monument 6 at the site of Tortuguero in the Mexican state of Chiapas. It states, quite mysteriously, that on the date the Mayan Calendar ends, “an (unknown) event shall occur and \u003Ci\u003EBolon Yokte K’u\u003C\/i\u003E shall descend at an (unknown) place”.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EBolon Yokte K’u has been identified by Mayanists as the \"Nine Foot Tree God\", which indicates that he is a representation of the Tree of Life or the Cosmic Mountain, the central axis of our world. This seems to indicate that a very powerful deity has been prophesized to incarnate on the planet earth around the time the calendar ends.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EOf course, the exact year and date relating to this prophesized event is under question, since it is very difficult to map the Mayan Calendar dates to the Gregorian calendar.The projected end-date is based on a correlation called the GMT correlation (Goodman-Martinez-Thompson correlation), according to which the current cycle started on August 11, 3114 BC and will end on December 21, 2012. Some researchers have, however, pointed to errors that have crept into the Mayan Long Count Calendar over the years. This leads us to a range of predicted end-time dates as early as 28 October 2011, and stretching out to 2038. New research conducted by Gerardo Aldana, associate professor at UC Santa Barbara, suggests that the GMT constant itself could be inaccurate by 50 to 100 years.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EEven Mayan religious leaders do not concur with the 2012 end-date for their calendar. One of the most respected Mayan Elders is Don Alejandro Cirilo Perez Oxlaj, who is a 13th Generation Quiche Mayan High Priest and the President of the National Council of Elders. In an interview given on March 17th, 2009, in Antigua, he stated: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“this is the time when we don't know exactly if it is going to be 2012 or if it is going to be later on. Because 2012 is a Gregorian date, sometimes it does not coincide with the Mayan calendar. There are many reasons why we don't know exactly the timing. It has to do because when the invasion came, a little over 500 years ago, the men and women of wisdom were the first ones to be assassinated. Then Bishop Diego de Landa, during the invasion, gathered all the books where all the information was and they set them on fire. So they burned all the information. On the other hand, the calendar that was at that time in effect, they have gone through so many modifications...\"\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIn another interview in 2010, Don Alejandro reiterated that the Mayan Elders do not concur with the 2012 end date that has been proposed as the possible ending date of the 13th Baktun. He said that:\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“The years that they are talking about that it will happen, 2011, 2012, 2013, nothing of that is going to happen. I will say it again. The Mayan Calendar has nothing to do with the Gregorian calendar…We are finalizing the 13th Baktun but we do not have an exact date. It may be another 40 to 50 years before the 13th Baktun ends and the cycle of the 5th sun begins.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIt seems funny that the end-date of the Mayan Calendar has been \"decided\" by scholars and so many apocalyptic prophesies have been made for 2012, without consulting the Mayan religious elders, who are the guardians of the native wisdom. Most Mayan Elders and religious leaders have strongly resented the apocalyptic prophecies that have been associated with 2012 by many western writers. Instead, they believe that the end of the Great Cycle of the Mayan Calendar heralds the beginning of a new age of enlightenment and consciousness; one in which man will learn to live in peace and harmony with his natural surroundings.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EOne of the highly respected Mayan religious leaders is Carlos Barrios, who is also a Mayan \u003Ci\u003EAjq'ij\u003C\/i\u003E i.e. a ceremonial priest and spiritual guide. Mr. Barrios has spoken with hundreds of Mayan Elders regarding their viewpoints. Mr. Barrios says that the process of transition to the new age of light has already begun: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“This is a time when the right arm of the materialistic world is disappearing, slowly but inexorably. We are at the cusp of the era when peace begins, and people live in harmony with Mother Earth”, he said. “This is the time in-between, the time of transition. As we pass through this transition there is a colossal, global convergence of environmental destruction, social chaos, war, and ongoing Earth changes.”\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EAlthough Mr. Barrios talks about environmental destruction and social upheaval during this time of transition, he cautions that one should not interpret the Mayan Calendar end-date as the end of the world and create apocalyptic world visions based on these interpretations: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“Other people write about prophecy in the name of the Maya. They say that the world will end in December 2012. The Mayan Elders are angry with this. The world will not end. It will be transformed…Humanity will continue, but in a different way. Material structures will change. From this we will have the opportunity to be more human.\"\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe Birth of a Chakravartin?\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003ESo these are the times of evolution and transformation. There is a prevalent belief which states that the light of wisdom will come from the east. Chapter 3 of the Zoroastran text Zand-i Vohuman Yasht contains very lengthy prophecies about the later days of this era, and it says that, “in the direction of Chinistan, it is said - some have said among the Hindus - is born a prince; it is his father, a prince of the Kayanian race, approaches the women, and a religious prince is born to him; he calls his name Warharan the Varjavand, some have said Shahpur. That a sign may come to the earth, the night when that prince is born, a star falls from the sky; when that prince is born the star shows a signal.\" Other prophecies refer to the birth of the \"Great Serpent\" in the east, who will bring the lamp of wisdom to the different nations. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EAll these prognostications about the impending birth of a \"messiah\" made me wonder if the Barbury Castle formation may be hinting at a similar possibility. It is said that before Buddha’s birth, the great court seer Asita had observed various auspicious symbols and astrological configurations and had concluded that the new prince will either be a \u003Ci\u003Echakravartin\u003C\/i\u003E or an enlightened spiritual leader.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe word chakravartin originated from the Sanskrit \"chakra\", meaning \"wheel\", and \"vartin\", meaning \"one who turns\". Thus, a chakravartin may be understood as a ruler \"whose chariot wheels roll everywhere\", or \"whose movements are unobstructed\". He is an emperor of the world, a universal monarch, who rules by virtue of his wisdom, compassion and righteousness.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIt is believed that the birth of a chakravartin heralds the onset of seven wealth’s or abundances which arise in the realm; a wealth of faith, morality, honesty, modesty, learning, renunciation and wisdom. The term chakravartin refers particularly to the incarnations of Vishnu who appear to restore dharma and righteousness on earth. The most famous chakravartin in Hinduism is the incaranation of Vishnu as the universal monarch Rama in the Treta Yuga, sometime around 7000 BC. Other religions have their own equivalents of the chakravartin. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhmFPHWgPz2syv-9cZThFfs7A2AWVe-Sgv1R5sz3SoaXVi0HY6w-IQJfDbNLfQIyvErZBw2LcgOYM6Kf6j9msMPMx0M7cUM_VbzVHOj1H8dJukbxwzwkaReI2RUbBYS5jMiNEm_tXRlf7Dv\/s1600\/250px-Chakravatin.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"A Chakravatin depicted on a relief carving from Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 1st century BC.\" border=\"0\" height=\"320\" j8=\"true\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhmFPHWgPz2syv-9cZThFfs7A2AWVe-Sgv1R5sz3SoaXVi0HY6w-IQJfDbNLfQIyvErZBw2LcgOYM6Kf6j9msMPMx0M7cUM_VbzVHOj1H8dJukbxwzwkaReI2RUbBYS5jMiNEm_tXRlf7Dv\/s320\/250px-Chakravatin.jpg\" title=\"\" width=\"262\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 10: A Chakravatin depicted on a relief carving from \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EAmaravati\u003C\/span\u003E, Andhra Pradesh, c.1st century BC. It may represent the Emperor Ashoka. Credit: \u003Cspan style=\"color: #0645ad;\"\u003EMusee Guimet.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhCV86swXl_paT6Z2hNhUvAl6BNnc8DtZjGsnjO99C6abXl6kqRRUzN6NcYeHFwCQ8DWeISxbZKyLgPb0c7pwNhKdAJ0SSCSuy6It_iUZJe4Lr8KRd6uigFkXIp3dUIGA2wi2tNGuKK87O1\/s1600\/Flag+of+Sikkim1+1914-1962.bmp\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"256\" j8=\"true\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhCV86swXl_paT6Z2hNhUvAl6BNnc8DtZjGsnjO99C6abXl6kqRRUzN6NcYeHFwCQ8DWeISxbZKyLgPb0c7pwNhKdAJ0SSCSuy6It_iUZJe4Lr8KRd6uigFkXIp3dUIGA2wi2tNGuKK87O1\/s320\/Flag+of+Sikkim1+1914-1962.bmp\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EFig 12: The Flag of Sikkim from 1914-1962, depicting the symbol of the Chakravartin and the seven jewels associated with him. Source: Wikipedia\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E \u003Ctd\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EAs it turns out, Asita’s prognosis about Buddha was also correct for Buddha was both an enlightened spiritual leader as well as a chakravartin. In choosing the path of renunciation and winning dominion over the realms of the spirit, the Buddha also attained sovereignty over the earth.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EIs it possible, therefore, that the crop circles, which are essentially circular in form, and thereby resemble a chakra or a wheel, are heralding the birth of another chakravartin - the savior whose coming is widely anticipated by the people across the world?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EThe symbol of the chakravartin has always been a \u003Ci\u003Echakra\u003C\/i\u003E or a \u003Ci\u003Ewheel\u003C\/i\u003E; it is widely believed that the body of the chakravartin as well as his palms and soles bear the auspicious discus symbol, indicating his divinity. The Buddhist text Kalachakra-Tantra proclaims that,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"tr_bq\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E“The Chakravartin shall come out at the end of the age, from the city the gods fashioned on Mount Kailasa. He shall smite the barbarians in battle with his own four-division army, on the entire surface of the earth.”\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003EPerhaps the Barbury Castle formation is telling us that an aspect of Vishnu shall soon descend on earth in order to steer humanity towards the path of dharma, and prepare us for our evolution towards a new age of enlightenment? That is an outcome we can certainly wish for.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/feeds\/2020976899717111121\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2011\/03\/krishna-symbolism-in-crop-circles-does.html#comment-form","title":"40 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/2020976899717111121"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6864653463177413678\/posts\/default\/2020976899717111121"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/www.bibhudevmisra.com\/2011\/03\/krishna-symbolism-in-crop-circles-does.html","title":"Vishnu Symbolism in Crop Circles: Does it signify the coming of a ‘Chakravartin’?"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bibhu Dev Misra"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15388473714672380058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"28","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh4sklyRp_L5BfqEXTjoskgFPFYpJiNJSuDN5zrcldGBaXot626bOTu8q5TUYsip63M6EkY2JbuoE6l1N5fMKiqKfzFfaaKpqm91QZx9rMdAL3t-ju2QdYi1K-BeCJsjw\/s130\/DSCN1699.JPG"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiHeUL2HhYJx7d0DKB2-p1iLjLrjPGU2rRc6r625fibJQb6Iq-rEfG1QCRgMD5Y9ouR0FNDzhRnTjgAXqWyVJMbLUkA8NqIpo4n6iKrz0g0QOm8_aJj_PnKsuG_AJ7DTssrWBkfbxPG9ATn\/s72-c\/Barbury+Castle.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"40"}}]}});